29 January 2026

International Supply of Services by Modes of Supply (MoS)

Year 2024. Provisional data

Main results

Cross-border supply of services (provided from Spain to a third country, or vice versa) represented most of the exports (54.1%) and imports (75.0%) of services in 2024.
Travel and Transport exports were the most significant within consumer services in Spain and abroad.
Exports of Other business services were the most prominent in service provision involving the presence of natural persons.

More information

The International Supply of Services by Modes of Supply (MoS) provides data on how services provided and received by Spain are supplied at the international level, and giving more detailed economic information on the globalisation process.

Below is an explanation of each mode of supply, using the example of legal services provided by a law firm:

Mode 1 (cross-border supply of services from Spain to a third country, or vice versa). This mode refers to cases where, for example, legal services provided by a company are supplied to a non-resident client in a third country via email or online, without the physical presence of either the law firm or the client.
Mode 2 (the recipient of the service or their property travels to the supplier’s country to receive the service). This mode includes, for example, when a client travels to the country of the law firm to receive legal services there. Or when an owner’s goods are sent to another country for transformation, processing, or repair.
Mode 3 or ‘commercial presence’ (services provided through foreign subsidiaries in the recipient’s country). In the given example, this would occur when legal services are provided through a subsidiary established by the law firm in the client’s country of residence. For this mode of supply, only data for 2023 is published.
Mode 4 (when a person travels to a third country to provide their services). For example, when a law firm sends one or more of its lawyers in person to the client’s country of residence to provide legal services there.

Modes 1, 2 and 4. 2024 Results

Service exports supplied via Mode 1 (cross-border supply) reached 119,961.7 million euros in 2024, accounting for 54.1% of total exports across all modes (M1, M2, and M4). On the other hand, imports amounted to 91,902.8 million euros (75.0% of total imports).

For Mode 2 (consumption in Spain for exports, and consumption abroad for imports), exports and imports stood at 97,538.8 million euros (44.0% of the total) and 27,679.8 million euros (22.6%), respectively.

Regarding Mode 4 (presence of natural persons) the value of exports amounted to 4,131.8 million euros (1.9% of the total), while imports reached 3,021.7 million euros (2.5%).

Exports and imports of services by mode of supply. 2024

Percentage of the total of (M1+M2+M4)

Results by main type of service

Most of Mode 1 exports were recorded under Other business services (39,453.9 million euros) and Distribution services (27,100.0 million euros). The most significant exports in Mode 2 were in Travel (excluding goods), amounting to 90,726.2 million euros, while in Mode 4, they were in Other business services, with 2,736.3 million euros.

In terms of imports, in Mode 1, those listed under Other business services stood out (29,919.7 million euros). For Mode 2, the highest value was in Travel (excluding goods), reaching 25,903.6 million euros. Meanwhile, the combined value of Personal, cultural, and recreational services and Government goods and services (excluding goods) accounted for the highest imports under Mode 4, reaching 1,300.1 million euros.

International service provision by type of operation, mode of supply and main type of service. 2024

Million euros

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    "635.3",
    "17.0",
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    "239.1",
    "1,312.7",
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    "70.9",
    "650.8",
    "320.6",
    "18,139.7",
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    "40.3",
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    "314.5",
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    "866.0",
    "334.2",
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    "531.7",
    "190.4",
    "100.0",
    "7.0",
    "83.4",
    "2,639.6",
    "2,560.6",
    "9.4",
    "69.6",
    "3,298.4",
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Results by geographical area

Exports and imports with Europe as the counterpart geographical area were the highest across all three supply modes in 2024.

Exports to Europe via Mode 1 amounted to 84,704.4 million euros, with 66,678.8 million euros directed to the EU27. America ranked second as a destination for Mode 1 exports, with 25,338.0 million euros.

On the other hand, imports via Mode 1 in Europe amounted to 65,213.2 million euros, of which 53,469.3 million euros originated from the EU27. Again, America took second place, with 12,086.3 million euros.

International provision of services by type of operation, mode of supply and geographical area. 2024

Million euros

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Mode 3. 2023 Results

Provisions of services supplied via Mode 3 (commercial presence) reached 238,103.4 million euros in 2023, accounting for 54.4% of exports and the total provision of services supplied across all modes. On one hand, exports supplied via Mode 1 (cross-border supply) reached 109,927.7 million (25.1%).

Imports and procurement of services stood at 285,155.5 million (72.5%) and 81,629.4 million (20.8%) for Mode 3 and Mode 1, respectively.

For Mode 2 (consumption in Spain for exports, and consumption abroad for imports), exports and imports stood at 86,236.8 million euros (19.7% of the total) and 24,451.5 million euros (6.2%), respectively.

Regarding Mode 4 (presence of natural persons) the value of exports amounted to 3,555.2 million (0.8% of the total), while imports stood at 1,965.4 million (0.5%).

Exports and imports of services by mode of supply. 2023

Percentage of the total modes

Data revisions and updates

The data published today are provisional and relate to modes M1, M2 and M4. Final data for Mode 3 and all other modes will be published next year. In addition, final data for the year 2023, including Mode 3 and total mode data, is released today. All the results of this operation are available at INEbase.

Methodological note

International Supply of Services by Modes of Supply (MoS) is a structural statistics of synthesis and analysis, aiming at estimating from a global perspective, the international trade in services values supplied by the four modes recognized by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS): Mode 1 (M1): Cross-border supply; Mode 2 (M2): Consumption abroad (or in Spain); Mode 3 (M3): Commercial presence; and Mode 4 (M4): Presence of physical persons.

MoS is performed by all EU member states in compliance with Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics, and its Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2152 laying down technical specifications and arrangements.

MoS provides a comprehensive view of international trade in services by including the four modes of supply recognized by WTO. In this way, it differentiates services transactions between residents and non-residents (M1, M2 and M4) included in Balance of payments statistics (BoP), from services transactions between residents through commercial presence (M3), included in Foreign affiliates statistics (FATS). MoS also includes estimates of Distribution services supplied by wholesalers and retailers of foreign trade in goods supplied by M1 and M3.

Type of operation :: continuous annual periodicity.
Population scope :: resident institutional units included in Balance of payments statistics (M1, M2 and M4); affiliate enterprises resident in Spain under foreign control and non-resident affiliate enterprises under Spanish control (M3).
Geographical scope:: Resident and non-resident units in the economic territory of Spain included within the population scope.
Reference period:: natural year.
Collection method:: from existing statistical sources carried out by different institutions : Balance of payments statistics for goods and services (BoP), International Trade in Services Survey (ITS-S), Foreign Affiliates Statistics (FATS), Trade by Enterprise Characteristics (TEC) and Structural Business Statistics (SBS), among others.

More information on methodology and the standardised methodological report.

INE statistics are elaborated according to the European statistics Code of Good Practices. More information on Quality in INE and Code of Good Practices.

For further information see

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