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The Annual National Accounts of Spain: main aggregates is a summary statistic that provides the main aggregates of the national economy (GDP, national income and employment) resulting from the national accounts system.
It offers the measurement of GDP and each of its components, and is elaborated from the perspectives of supply, demand and income. The estimates of the economic aggregates of supply and demand are offered both at current prices and in terms of volume.
It also includes the measurement of gross national income (GNI) and gross disposable national income (GNI), resulting from national economic activity and income flows with the rest of the world.
Employment estimates (in terms of employed persons, hours worked, jobs and full-time equivalent jobs) are also added.
This statistical operation adopts the methodology contained in the European System of Economic Accounts (SEC-2010) in compliance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) No. 549/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council, of May 21, as well as the rest of statistical operations that make up the National Accounts of Spain, thereby guaranteein the international comparability of its results.
The classifications established in the SEC 2010 are followed.
The results by branch of activity are adapted to the National Classification of Economic Activities CNAE 2009.
Non-financial economic operations of the entire national economy and of the institutional sectors and branches of activity into which it is divided are recorded. The economic operations between the national economy and the rest of the world are also recorded.
The units used are the units of local economic activity . The ESA groups together the units of local economic activity by branches of activity. An activity is characterized by intermediate inputs of goods and services, a production process, and the products (goods and services) obtained.
The target population of study is the set of resident units in the national economy. An institutional unit has residence in a country when it has its centre of overriding economic interest in the economic territory of the country, irrespective of its nationality, legal form or of its presence in the economic territory in question at the time of the execution of an operation.
Having a centre of overriding economic interest means that the unit conducts economic activities and oprtsyiond on a significant scale for a sufficiently long period of time (a year or more). It should be pointed out that the mere fact of owning land or buildings makes the owner of these have a centre of overriding economic interest in the territory.
By national economic territory we mean:
a. The area (geographical territory) submitted to the management and cash control of a single administration.
b. Other free trade zones, including warehouses and factories under customs control.
c. The national airspace, territorial waters and the continental shelf located in international waters over which the country enjoys exclusive rights.
d. Territorial enclaves, which are geographic territories located in the rest of the world and used, under international treaties or agreements between States, by public administrations of the country (embassies, consulates, military bases, etc.)
e. The deposits (oil, gas, etc.) located in international waters outside of the country's continental shelf, exploited by resident units in the territory in accordance with the previous points.
The national economic territory is comprised of:
a. The area (geographical territory) submitted to the management and cash control of a single administration.
b. Other free trade zones, including warehouses and factories under customs control.
c. The national airspace, territorial waters and the continental shelf located in international waters over which the country enjoys exclusive rights.
d. Territorial enclaves, which are geographic territories located in the rest of the world and used under international treaties or agreements between States, by public administrations in the country (embassies, consulates, military bases, etc.)
e. The deposits (oil, gas, etc.) located in international waters outside of the continental shelf in the country, exploited by resident units in the territory according to the previous points.
The Annual National Accounts of Spain: aggregates by branch of activity covers the period 1995-2024, for the results referred to the aggregates of the branches of activity.
In addition, the following other information available from the different CNE databases:
Benchmark Revision 2019: accounting series 1995-2022.
Database 2010: accounting series 1995-2017.
Database 2008: accounting series 1995-2012.
Database 2000: 2000-2009 accounting series.
Database 1995: accounting series 1995-2003.
Database 1986: accounting series 1970-1997.
2020 for chained volume indices.
The accounting operations and balances are expressed in millions of euros.
The results relating to employment are expressed in terms of thousands of people, thousands of posts occupied, thousands of full-time equivalent posts e and in thousands of hours worked.
The reference period is the calendar year.
Data referred to the period: Anual A: 2024
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2025-2028, approved by Royal Decree 1225/2024, of 3 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2025-2028. (Statistics of the State Administration).
Regulation (EU) 549/2013, of 21 May, on the European System of National and Regional Accounts, establishes methodological approaches to the development of national accounts in order to obtain a coherent, reliable and comparable quantitative description of the economies of European Union countries.
Regulation (EU) 1287/2003, of 15 July, on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices and Regulation (EU) 479/2009, of 25 May, on the application of the protocol on the procedure applicable in the case of excessive deficit, are also applicable.
The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
The data is disseminated annually.
The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
At the beginning of September of the year after year t, the set of main final results of t-2, provisional results of t-1 and advance of t are published.
INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
Not applicable.
This operation is carried out in accordance with the accounting principles established in the European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010).
The draft implementation of the 2024 Statistical Review of the INE's National Accounts operations, submitted for review by the Higher Council of Statistics in April 2024, can also be consulted in the New Projects section of the INE website: 2024 Statistical Review of the INE's National Accounts operations
AC3: 100%
This standardized methodological report contains, in fields 10.6 to 17, the elements of what constitutes the "User-oriented quality report" for this operation.
It should be mentioned, however, that, following the guidelines established by Regulation (EC) 2016/2304 of December 19, 2016 on modalities, structure, periodicity and evaluation of indicators of the quality reports of the data transmitted in accordance with the Regulation (EU) 549/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council on the European System of National and Regional Accounts, a quality report of the Spanish national accounts is prepared annually in collaboration with Eurostat within the framework of ESA-2010.
In addition, a quality report on the Gross National Income of Spain is prepared annually that accompanies the transmission to Eurostat of the Gross National Income of Spain for the calculation of the national contribution to the fourth reserved resource of the EU, in application of the provisions of Regulation (EU) 1287/2003, of July 15, on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices.
Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
Exhaustive quality analysis is carried out by Eurostat on the data provided by Spain on its national accounts within the framework of what is established in the Transmission Programme of national accounts data to Eurostat as established by Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 on the European System of National and Regional Accounts, as well as in implementation of the Regulation (EU) No 1287/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices and Regulation (EU) No 479/2009 on the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure.
This operation can be used to analyse and evaluate the structure of the Spanish economy as a whole, parts or specific aspects of the national economy, the national economic evolution, and, in turn, to make comparisons with other economies.
In addition, the results of this are of fundamental importance for the Spanish Government and for the EU and its Member States in formulating and monitoring their economic and social policy. In particular, it should be noted that the monitoring of European monetary policy, the granting of European subsidies and the calculation of the EU's own resources are based on data from the Spanish National Accounts.
Among the main users of the results of this operation, we can highlight the Spanish Government, the European Commission, the European Central Bank, OECD, IMF and all kinds of studies and economic analysts.
The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
This operation fully complies with the information requirements established by the Eurostat Data Transmission Programme set out in Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 on the European System of National and Regional Accounts 2010, as well as those required by Regulation (EU) No 1287/2003 of 15 July on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices and Regulation (EU) No 479/2009 of 25 May on the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure.
Data completeness rate: R1=100%
This operation is a summary statistic, so its accuracy depends largely on the sources of information used in its preparation. However, the identities established by the system in the source and destination tables, by branch of activity and by product, and the general equilibrium process of the national accounts make it possible to check and improve the consistency and completeness of the estimates, overcoming possible gaps and inconsistencies in the basic data sources.
This operation is a synthetic statistic, so the concept of sampling errors is not applicable. However, the operation is affected indirectly by such errors, due to the fact that surveys are amongst the information sources . However, the identities established by the system in supply and use tables, by branch of activity and by product, and the general balance process of national accounts allow for the checking and improvement of the consistency and completeness of estimates.
This operation is a synthetic statistic, meaning it is indirectly affected by all the errors that exist in its information sources . However, the identities established by the system in the supply and use tables, by branch of activity and by product, and the general balance process of the national accounts allow for the verification and improvement of the coherence and completeness of estimates, reducing the impact of these kinds of errors.
The main aggregates of year t are published, with the character of progress of results, 9 months after the end of their reference period (TP1=9 ).
Final results for the t-year are published 33 months after the end of such reference period (TP2=33 months).
The dissemination of data is carried out in accordance with the schedule of availability of the structural statistics prepared and published annually by the INE.
One of the objectives of the ESA 2010 is the harmonisation of the methodology and the precision and rigour of the concepts, definitions, classifications and accounting rules that must be applied in order to obtain a comparable description of the economies of European Union countries. Therefore, the data collected in this operation are comparable with those of EU Member States.
They are also compatible at the international level given that ESA concepts are entirely consistent with those contained in the existing guidelines on national accounting at the global level, as reflected in the System of National Accounts (developed under the joint responsibility of the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, Eurostat, OECD and the World Bank).
The results disseminated annually are fully comparable with each other, as they are prepared according to the same accounting methodology (ESA 2010) and according to homogeneous sources and statistical procedures.
Comparable time series length: CC2=28
The ESA 2010 is consistent with the principles established in the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual(6ª edition), so the results of the accounts of the rest of the world in the Spanish Annual National Accounts are broadly consistent with those of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statisticsissued by the Bank of Spain.
On the other hand, the Public Administrations Accounts prepared by the General Intervention Board of the State Administration (IGAE) are integrated into the entirety of the Spanish National Accounts.
In addition, since it is a synthetic statistic, the results of this operation are, in general, consistent with the statistical and administrative sources utilised in its preparation, although they are not fully consistent with these given their existing conceptual and methodological differences.
The accounting methodology established in the ESA 2010 ensures the compliance of all the identities established within the Spanish National Accounts and, with this, the consistency of all the measures established to describe the different parts of the economic process, allowing the joint and consistent analysis of the different aspects and phases of this and the behaviour of different economic agents, including their relations with the rest of the world.
The estimate of the budgetary allocation necessary to finance this statistical operation provided for in the 2024 Annual Programme is 492.84 thousand Euros.
This statistical operation does not place any burden on the informants. As this is a synthetic statistic, it uses data already available to the administration.
The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
The revision of the results of this operation is limited to a period of three years, until the estimate for a given year t becomes final. The revision process ends with the compilation of the origin and destination tables for that year t. The three-year period is determined by the time needed to incorporate all structural statistics into the estimates.
Thus, the estimates for a given year t are referred to, according to their date of publication, as:
Preliminary estimate (September of t+1)
Provisional estimate (September of t+2)
Final estimate (September of t+3)
In addition, at least every five years, the sources and estimation methods used for compiling National Accounts operations are updated. The last update took place in 2024.
Average revision rate for the Gross Domestic Product variable: MAR=0.24 and RMAR=0.00.
This operation incorporates different sources of economic information. In general terms, these sources are statistics produced by the INE, statistics from other public and private bodies, and administrative data.
These include:
Data collection based on the results of basic statistics depends on the dissemination of information from the different sources used. Monthly, quarterly and annual information is incorporated.
The data used are statistics prepared by the INE itself or by other agencies. The data collection differs according to the type of source and method of disseminating information (database, electronic publication, etc.). In general, the necessary information is published on web pages, providing direct access to the publication or database in question. With respect to information that is not published, it is sent directly to the Department of National Accounts by the relevant agencies.
The information source is indicated in section18.1 Source Data.
The units typically used in statistical research are not always suitable for the purposes of the national accounts, as they are generally based on traditional criteria of a legal, administrative or accounting nature. Firstly, it is necessary to take into account the definitions of the units of analysis used in the SEC.
In addition, for the proper recording of operations in accordance with the SEC-2010 methodology, it is necessary to make certain adjustments to adapt the information obtained in the surveys to the criteria established in the SEC, as is the case with the unobserved economy, the inclusion of tips, insurance services, consistency in the recording of taxes and subsidies, the valuation of operations, etc.
On the other hand, there are many specific agreements included in the SEC. For example, the valuation of the output of public administrations, the valuation of the output of insurance services and financial intermediation services, the recording of public services as final consumption expenditure, etc. In these cases, on the basis of all the base information, it is necessary to estimate the output according to the criteria established in the ESA and make corresponding adjustments in the users of this output.
In the process of preparing the results of a given year t, the following steps are followed:
1. Calculation of the main economic aggregates, including GDP, which is achieved through the simultaneous balancing of supply, demand and income. All ANA estimates include an estimate of GDP through each of the three perspectives. This balance is based, in the base year and in the final estimates of the ANA, on supply and use tables.
1.2. In the base year and final years, direct estimation procedures are used, that is, specific sources and independent methods for each type of operation, and with the appropriate breakdowns. A balance by products (total supply by product = total expenditure by product) is carried out. In the supply and use tables all of the following accounts’ flows are included: goods and services accounts, production account and operating account.
1.3. In the years that are not final, extrapolations and balances are carried out at a lower level. This level depends on the statistical information available and on the detail that this information provides. Thus, the estimate of GDP for the year t in September of t+1 is an advance estimate, given that the available information is, in general, short-term and sometimes provisional or with less breakdown. A greater amount of statistical information is included in September of t+2, the provisional estimate, essentially due to the availability of structural statistics aimed at companies. Therefore, the revisions made to the GDP of a given year have their origin in the subsequent incorporation of structural statistical sources (Structural Business Statistics, Household Budget Survey, Construction Structure Survey, Accounts for Agriculture, etc.) and in the incorporation of final data in those operations that had been previously estimated with short-term, provisional or advance data (Public Administrations Accounts, Balance of Payments, etc.).
Not applicable as it concerns an annual operation (the possible calendar effects are considered negligible).