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The Annual National Accounts of Spain: Input-Output Tables is a summary statistic derived from the Supply and Use Tables that provides an exhaustive description of the productive process and the resource-use balance of the national economy at the product level for homogeneous branches of activity.
It provides the measurement of production, intermediate consumption, gross value added (GVA), compensation of employees, operating surplus and mixed income and other net taxes on production, broken down by branch of activity, taxes and subsidies on products, final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation, exports and imports. All variables are presented broken down by product except for the employment, income and GVA aggregates.
This statistical operation adopts the methodology contained in the European System of Economic Accounts (ESA-2010) in compliance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) No. 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 21 May, as do the rest of the statistical operations that make up the Spanish National Accounts, which guarantees the international comparability of its results.
The classifications established in the SEC 2010 are followed.
The results of the input-output framework are consistent with the National Classification of Economic Activities CNAE 2009 and the Classification of Products by Activities CPA 2008.
The non-financial operations are recorded of the national economy as a whole and of the institutional sectors and branches of activity in which it is divided. The economic transactions between the national economy and the rest of the world are also recorded.
The units used to describe the production processes and carry out the input-output analysis are the units of local economic activity. The ESA groups together the homogeneous production units by homogeneous branches of activity. A homogeneous activity is characterised by carrying out a single activity defined by its intermediate consumptions of goods and services, a production process and the products (goods and services) obtained.
The target population of the study is all of the units resident in the national economy. An institutional unit has residence in a country when it has its centre of overriding economic interest in the economic territory of the country, irrespective of its nationality, legal form or of its presence in the economic territory in question at the time of the execution of an operation.
Having a centre of overriding economic interest means that the unit conducts economic activities and operates on a significant scale for a sufficiently long period of time (a year or more). It should be noted that the mere fact of owning land or buildings makes their owner have a predominant centre of economic interest in the territory.
By national economic territory we mean:
a. The area (geographical territory) subject to the effective management and control of a single administration.
b. Other free zones, including warehouses and factories under customs control.
c. The national airspace, territorial waters and the continental shelf located in international waters over which the country enjoys exclusive rights.
d. Territorial enclaves, which are geographical territories located in the rest of the world and used, by virtue of international treaties or agreements between States, by the country's public administrations (embassies, consulates, military bases, etc.)
e. Deposits (oil, gas, etc.) located in international waters beyond the continental shelf of the country, exploited by resident units in the territory according to the above points.
Thenational economic territory comprises:
a.The area (geographical territory) subject to the effective management and control of a single administration.
b. Other free zones, including warehouses and factories under customs control.
c. The national airspace, territorial waters and the continental shelf located in international waters over which the country enjoys exclusive rights.
d. Territorial enclaves, which are geographical territories located in the rest of the world and used, by virtue of international treaties or agreements between States, by the country's public administrations (embassies, consulates, military bases, etc.)
e. Deposits (oil, gas, etc.) located in international waters beyond the continental shelf of the country, exploited by resident units in the territory according to the above points.
The Annual National Accounts of Spain: Input-Output Tables are available for the years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
In addition, the following other information is available from the various bases of the CNE:
Base 2010: Input-Output Tables 2010 and 2015.
Base 2000: Input-Output Tables 2000 and 2005.
Base 1995: Input-Output Tables 1995.
Base 1986. Input-Output Tables 1980,1985-1994
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The accounting operations and balances are expressed in millions of euros.
The results relating to employment are expressed in terms of thousands of people, thousands of posts occupied, thousands of full-time equivalent posts.
The reference period is the calendar year.
Data referred to the period: Anual A: 2022
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2025-2028, approved by Royal Decree 1225/2024, of 3 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2025-2028. (Statistics of the State Administration).
Regulation (EU) 549/2013, of 21 May, on the European System of National and Regional Accounts, establishes methodological approaches to the development of national accounts in order to obtain a coherent, reliable and comparable quantitative description of the economies of European Union countries.
Regulation (EU) 1287/2003, of 15 July, on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices and Regulation (EU) 479/2009, of 25 May, on the application of the protocol on the procedure applicable in the case of excessive deficit, are also applicable.
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The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
In particular, the Spanish National Accounts (base 2010) is a set of synthetic statistics whose results are compiled from the aggregated data from other statistical or official administrative sources, and it is not possible to identify information relating to individual units in them, which would be protected, in any case, by statistical confidentiality according to the provisions of Law 9/1989 on the Public Statistics Service.
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
The frequency of publication of the data until now was every five years, since 2020 it has been annual.
The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
Input-Output Tables are published annually in December and refer to year t-3, where t is the current year.
INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
The available information can be accessed at:
As this is a summary set of statistics, no micro-data are available.
Not applicable.
This statistical operation is conducted in accordance with the accounting principles set out in the European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA-2010):
http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=DOUE-L-2013-81250
The project for the implementation of the 2024 Benchmark Revision of the National Accounting operations of the INE, presented for the opinion of the Higher Council of Statistics in April 2024, can also be consulted in the New Projects section of the INE website.
https://ine.es/proyectos_mejora/registros_eee/proyecto_tecnico_CNRE.pdf
To date, no quality report on this operation has been released. It should be mentioned,
however, that, following the guidelines established by Regulation (EC) 2016/2304 of 19 December 2016 on modalities, structure, periodicity and evaluation of indicators of the quality reports of the data transmitted in accordance with the Regulation (EU) 549/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council on the European System of National and Regional Accounts, a quality report on Spanish national accounts is prepared annually in collaboration with Eurostat within the framework of ESA-2010.
In addition, a quality report of the Gross National Income of Spain is prepared annually that accompanies the sending to Eurostat of the Gross National Income of Spain for the calculation of the national contribution to the fourth own resource of the EU, in application of the provisions of Regulation (EU) 1287/2003, of 15 July, on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices.
Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
The Annual National Accounts of Spain: Input-Ouput tables are prepared and disseminated in accordance with the principles established in the Code of Good Practice for European Statistics.
Furthermore, as a summary statistic, Its quality derives from the multiple base sources it uses: surveys, official administrative records, etc., most of them conducted within the framework of national statistical planning.
The aim of all of them is to obtain information that is as accurate as possible, minimising the different types of errors that may affect them. Moreover, the accounting balance itself on which every system of national accounts is based constitutes a guarantee of additional accuracy of the results obtained.
Eurostat subjects the data transmitted by Spain on its national accounting to exhaustive quality analysis within the framework of the provisions of the Program for Transmission of National Accounts Data to Eurostat set out in the Regulation (EU) 549/2013 relating to the European System. of National and Regional Accounts, as well as applying the Regulation (EU) 1287/2013, of the European Parliament and of the Council, on harmonization of gross national income at market prices and Regulation (EU) 479/2009 relating to the Protocol on the procedure applicable in the event of excessive deficit.
This operation can be used to analyse and evaluate the structure of the Spanish economy as a whole, parts or specific aspects of the national economy, and of the different economic agents and, in turn, to make comparisons with other economies.
In addition, the results of this are of fundamental importance for the Spanish Government and for the EU and its Member States in formulating and monitoring their economic and social policy. Specifically, it should be noted that the monitoring of European monetary policy, the granting of EU funding and the calculation of the EU's own resources are based on data from the National Accounting of Spain.
Hence, among the main users of the results of this operation we can highlight the Government of Spain itself, the European Commission, the European Central Bank, the OECD, IMF and all types of economic studies and analyst services.
The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
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This operation broadly complies with the information requirements established by Eurostat's Transmission Programme of data determined in Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 on the European System of National and Regional Accounts 2010, as well as what is required in Regulation (EU) No 1287/2003 of 15 July on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices and in Regulation (EU) No 479/2009, of 25 May on the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure.
This operation is a summary statistic, meaning that its accuracy largely depends on the sources of information used in its production. However, the identities established by the system in the supply and use tables, by branch of activity and by product, and the general balance process of the national accounts allow for the verification and improvement of the coherence and completeness of estimates, save possible lacunae and inconsistencies in the basic data sources.
This operation is a summary statistic, so the concept of sampling error does not apply to it. However, the operation is affected indirectly by such errors, due to the fact that surveys are amongst the information sources. However, the identities established by the system in the supply and use tables, by branch of activity and by product, and the general balance process of the national accounts allow for the verification and improvement of the coherence and completeness of estimates.
This operation is a summary statistic, so it is indirectly affected by all the errors that exist in its information sources. However, the identities established by the system in the supply and use tables, by branch of activity and by product, and the general balance process of the national accounts allow for the verification and improvement of the coherence and completeness of estimates, reducing the impact of these kinds of errors.
The final results for year t are published around 36 months after the end of their reference period.
Data dissemination is carried out in accordance with the structural statistics availability calendar that the INE prepares and publishes each year.
One of the aims of ESA 2010 is to harmonise methodology and the precision and rigour of the concepts, definitions, classifications and accounting rules to be applied in order to obtain a comparable description of the economies of the countries of the European Union. Therefore, the data collected in the CNE are comparable with those of EU Member States.
They are also compatible at the international level given that the ESA concepts are entirely consistent with those contained in the existing guidelines on national accounting worldwide, as reflected in the System of National Accounts (developed under the joint responsibility of the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, Eurostat, OECD and the World Bank).
The results disseminated annually are fully comparable with one another, as they are prepared according to the same accounting methodology (ESA 2010) and according to homogeneous sources and statistical procedures.
The ESA 2010 is consistent with the principles established in the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (6th edition), so the results of the rest of the world account in the National Accounts of Spain are broadly consistent with those of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics published by the Bank of Spain.
On the other hand, the Public Administrations Accounts prepared by the General Intervention Board of the State Administration are integrated into the entirety of the Spanish National Accounts.
In addition, since it is a summary statistic, the results of this operation are, in general, consistent with the statistical and official administrative sources used in its preparation, although they are not fully consistent with the latter given their conceptual and methodological differences.
The accounting methodology established in the ESA 2010 ensures compliance in the National Accounts of Spain with all the identities established therein and, thus, the consistency of all the measures established to describe the different parts of the economic process, allowing the joint and consistent analysis of the different aspects and phases thereof and of the behaviour of the various economic agents, including their relations with the rest of the world.
The estimate of the budgetary allocation necessary to finance this statistical operation provided for in the 2025 Annual Programme is 50.91 thousand Euros.
This statistical operation does not place any burden on the informants. As it is a summary set of statistics, it uses data already available in the administration.
The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
The national accounts are a structural statistical product, so the estimates of the different operations and aggregates are subject to a review and disaggregation process before they become final. This process is determined by the dependence of the national accounts on statistical information, in the sense that the more short-term and aggregated the base information, the more provisional the estimation of national accounts.
The revision of the estimates is limited to a three-year period. Throughout this period there will be three updates of the same accounting exercise until the estimate of year t becomes final. It is through the compiling and balancing of the Supply and Use Tables that the definitive data of the national accounts is reached. The Input-Output tables are derived from them.
The data published in the Input-Output Tables referring to a given year t are final and are therefore not subject to revision.
This operation is mainly derived from the results of the Supply and Use Tables.
The data of the Input-Output Tables are compiled annually based on those of the Supply and Use Tables.
This operation is mainly derived from the results of the Supply and Use Tables.
The process of compiling the Input-Output Tables allows some validations to be carried out (mainly of the aggregates of production and intermediate consumption by branches of activity and products) of the data contained in the Supply and Use Tables.
In the process of preparing the Input-Output Tables for a given year t, the following steps are followed, in summary form:
1. Preparation of the aggregation, with the same number of rows as columns, of the results contained in the Supply and Use Tables at the highest level of detail.
2. Execution of the calculation process of the Input-Output Tables based on the mathematical transformation following the hybrid method (combination of product technology and industry technology).
3. Evaluation, analysis and adjustment of the data.
4.- Obtaining the final estimates of all the aggregates presented in the Input-Output Tables by products and/or by homogeneous branches of activity.
Not applicable as it is an annual operation (possible calendar effects are considered negligible).