Unpaid Bills of Exchange Statistic

• 1Contact
  • 1.1Contact organisation
    National Statistics Institute of Spain
    
  • 1.5Contact mail address
    Paseo de la Castellana 183 - 28046 Madrid
    
• 2Metadata update
  • 2.1Metadata last certified
    13/01/2016
  • 2.2Metadata last posted
    14/01/2016
  • 2.3Metadata last update
    13/01/2016
• 3Statistical presentation
  • 3.1Data description

    Unpaid Bills of Exchange Statistics (UBE) provide monthly and annual data on the number and value of credit institutions' portfolio bills of exchange, and those received as the collection management that are due during the reference month and are unpaid.

    Data regarding the number and amount of the different bills of exchange is obtained at a territorial national level by Autonomous Communities and provinces.

    Not included in every case are utility bills (lighting, water, gas, electricity, schools, etc.).

  • 3.2Classification system
    • Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas
      01   Andalucía
      02   Aragón
      03   Asturias, Principado de
      04   Balears, Illes
      05   Canarias
      06   Cantabria
      07   Castilla y León
      08   Castilla - La Mancha
      09   Cataluña
      10   Comunitat Valenciana
      11   Extremadura
      12   Galicia
      13   Madrid, Comunidad de
      14   Murcia, Región de
      15   Navarra, Comunidad Foral de
      16   País Vasco
      17   Rioja, La
      18   Ceuta
      19   Melilla
    • Efectos de comercio
      1   En cartera
      2   En cartera impagados
      3   Recibidos en gestión de cobro de clientes
      4   Recibidos en gestión de cobro de clientes impagados
    • Provincias
      02   Albacete
      03   Alicante/Alacant
      04   Almería
      01   Araba/Álava
      33   Asturias
      05   Ávila
      06   Badajoz
      07   Balears, Illes
      08   Barcelona
      48   Bizkaia
      09   Burgos
      10   Cáceres
      11   Cádiz
      39   Cantabria
      12   Castellón/Castelló
      13   Ciudad Real
      14   Córdoba
      15   Coruña, A
      16   Cuenca
      20   Gipuzkoa
      17   Girona
      18   Granada
      19   Guadalajara
      21   Huelva
      22   Huesca
      23   Jaén
      24   León
      25   Lleida
      27   Lugo
      28   Madrid
      29   Málaga
      30   Murcia
      31   Navarra
      32   Ourense
      34   Palencia
      35   Palmas, Las
      36   Pontevedra
      26   Rioja, La
      37   Salamanca
      38   Santa Cruz de Tenerife
      40   Segovia
      41   Sevilla
      42   Soria
      43   Tarragona
      44   Teruel
      45   Toledo
      46   Valencia/València
      47   Valladolid
      49   Zamora
      50   Zaragoza
      51   Ceuta
      52   Melilla
  • 3.3Sector coverage

    The sector studied in these statistics is the group of credit institutions registered in the Official Registers of the Bank of Spain, which have portfolio bills of exchange and received as the collection management of clients.

    Therefore, all credit institutions that do not have portfolio bills of exchange or received as the collection management of clients are excluded.

    The directory of these institutions is updated annually with the variations produced in the Official Registers of the Bank of Spain.

  • 3.4Statistical concepts and definitions
    • Banco
      Empresa comercial que realiza operaciones financieras con el dinero procedente de accionistas y clientes.
    • Savings banks
      Savings banks are companies with a foundational structure and of a private legal nature, which carry out a banking activity. The administrative authorisation for its constitution is similar to that of the banks.
      A minimum provisional fund is necessary that depends on the volume of the population of the municipalities where they operate.
      These are currently associated in the Spanish Confederation of Savings Banks. A portion of their profits is dedicated to corporate activities (libraries, study grants, etc.).
    • Portfolio bills of exchange
      Portfolio bills of exchange refer to the bills, or other documents, negotiated for clients, that have been created in order to mobilise the price of the sales transactions of goods or the provision of services, delivered or endorsed at the order of the entity, and the bills that might have been ultimately discounted to other entities. This includes early payments or amounts paid in advance, or with a guarantee thereof, and the advance payments on work certifications.
    • Bills of exchange received in debt collection management from clients
      Bills in which the financial entity acts as an intermediary, does not anticipate and wait for the expiry date of the bill of exchange, if the payment is made on the expiry date, it shall pay the amount, subtracting a commission for the services rendered. If the payment were not carried out, the bill would become unpaid.
    • Lending Institution
      Entities which grant mortgage credits or who guarantee other financial transactions.
    • Reference month
      Unpaid portfolio bills and management of client payments that expire in the reference
      month are accounted for during said month.
      Unpaid bills, both in portfolio and as management of client payments are accounted
      for in the reference month when notification is given for non-payment
      independently of the date on which the payment was made.
    • Province ( Article 141.1 of the Spanish Constitution)
      The province is a local institution with its own legal status, determined by grouping municipalities and dividing territories in order to fulfil State activities. Any alteration in the provincial limits is to be approved by the General Courts by means of constitutional law.
    • Cooperative company
      Company which, with variable capital and a democratic structure and management, associate, in the form of an open membership with voluntary delisting, persons who have common socio-economic interests or needs, who carry out corporate activities for the satisfaction of the latter and for the benefit of the cooperative. The economic results are imputed to partners once cooperative funds have been dealt with, depending on the cooperative activity that is carried out.
      The corporate domicile needs to include the words "Sociedad Cooperativa" or its abbreviation "S. Coop.".
      The number of partners is unlimited and the responsibility of these for corporate debts is that set out in the statutes.
      The law does not require minimal capital for the constitution of cooperatives, it is the statutes themselves which determines this.
      For the acquisition of legal personality registration in the cooperative companies register and public deed is required.
  • 3.5Statistical unit

    The basic units of these statistics are the number and value of the expired and unpaid bills of exchange, whether they are portfolio or received as collection management of clients.

  • 3.6Statistical population

    The population object of study of these statistics is the number and value of portfolio bills of exchange or received as collection management of clients (expired and unpaid) which possess the credit institutions registered in the Official Registers of the Bank of Spain.

  • 3.7Reference area

    The geographical scope of these statistics encompasses the entire national territory.

  • 3.8Time coverage

    These statistics have a monthly frequency.

  • 3.9Base period

    The base period of these statistics is 2002 and as per comparing the results published with 2002 reference and previous years, the INE has linked this data with the results obtained in the pilot test carried out during 2002. To this end, linking coefficients have been calculated. This application allows obtaining the final data for 2002, as well as the revision of the data published prior to this date.

• 4Unit of measure
  • 4.1Unit of measure
• 5Reference period
  • 5.1Reference period

    The reference period is the calendar month.

    Data referred to the period: Mensual A: 2015 MES: 11

• 6Institutional mandate
  • 6.1Legal acts and other agreements

    The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15  December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).

    
    

    The statistics are not subject to regulations.

  • 6.2Data sharing
    The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
    

    Not requested.

• 7Confidentiality
  • 7.1Confidentiality - policy
    The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
    
  • 7.2Confidentiality - data treatment
    INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
    

    By financial institution, the information provided by credit institutions in the case of the Spanish Confederation of Savings Banks, is a single questionnaire with the totalised data of all institutions included in this confederation. This data is broken down by province.

• 8Release policy
  • 8.1Release calendar
    The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
    
  • 8.2Release calendar access
    The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
    
  • 8.3User access
    The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
    
• 9Frequency of dissemination
  • 9.1Frequency of dissemination

    The data is disseminated monthly.

• 10Accessibility and clarity
  • 10.1News release
    The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
    
  • 10.2Publications

    The results of the statistics are disseminated via the INE website and monthly data is published every month:
    https://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft30%2Fp147&file=inebase&L=1

  • 10.3On-line database
    INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or topic using data collected individually
    

    Access to tables and time series in INEbase within the section "Financial and Monetary Statistics" in www.ine.es
    https://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft30%2Fp147&file=inebase&L=1

  • 10.4Micro-data access
    A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
    

    There are no microdata files for public use.

  • 10.5Other

    There is the option of requesting customised information from the INE Customer Service Area. Limitations to confidentiality or precision are borne in mind at the time of processing said requests.
    Ver https://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=1&c=Page&cid=1254735550786&p=1254735550786&pagename=ProductosYServicios%2FPYSLayout&rendermode=previewnoinsitem

  • 10.6Documentation on methodology

    A detailed description may be viewed at:
    https://www.ine.es/en/metodologia/t30/t303014766_en.pdf

  • 10.7Quality documentation

    For the moment documents regarding quality are not available.

• 11Quality management
  • 11.1Quality assurance
    Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 15 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
    

    Every month the financial institutions complete the questionnaires regarding Unpaid Bills of Exchange statistics. This information undergoes a set of filtering and validation stages:

    - The number and value variables of the bills are revised in all the provinces, so as to observe if there is any irregular data in the time series. If irregular data is observed, the financial institution is contacted to verify whether the information is correct.

    - The questionnaires that are not received in the corresponding date are claimed, so that response rate on the close day of the statistics is of 100%.

  • 11.2Quality assessment

    The Unpaid Bills of Exchange Statistics is a high-quality operation that meets all criteria of coherence, comparability, precision and timeliness.

• 12Relevance
  • 12.1User needs

    Survey users include:
    - Ministries and other public bodies, for the resolution of parliamentary requests.
    - Territorial administrations (Autonomous Communities, councils...), for dissemination of their territorial data.
    - Individuals, have different needs depending on the use they will make of the information they require.

  • 12.2User satisfaction

    The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010 and 2013, and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...

    On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click  next link)

     

    
    

    User's specific needs are taken into account providing methodological revisions of the survey are carried out, in order to adjust the contents of the survey to the specific requirements of its users and this way increasing their satisfaction level.

  • 12.3Completeness

    Though there is no regulation establishing the information to be provided, the statistics meet most user needs; regarding unmet needs, these are resolved via customised requests.

• 13Accuracy and reliability
  • 13.1Overall accuracy

    The procedure for collection, coverage control, error filtering and validation of the information allow obtaining a high degree of reliability in the statistics.

  • 13.2Sampling error

    There is no sampling in the statistics.

  • 13.3Non-sampling error

    To correct non-sampling errors, estimations are carried out of the information that is not available at the close date of the statistics.

• 14Timeliness and punctuality
  • 14.1Timeliness

    The data of the statistics are published one and a half months after the reference month of the information, that is, 45 days.

  • 14.2Punctuality

    The dissemination of the data is carried out in accordance with the short-term statistics availability calendar that the INE compiles and publishes for each year.

• 15Coherence and Comparability
  • 15.1Comparability - geographical

    These statistics, in all of their phases, are processed in the same way for the entire territory. In this way, the results are perfectly comparable for any geographical breakdown.

  • 15.2Comparability - over time

    During the year 2002, the INE undertook a thorough renovation of the statistics, which has allowed revising the 2002 provisional data series and research new variables of interest for the users of this information.

    For the purposes of comparing published results referring to 2002 and previous years, the INE has linked this data with results obtained in the pilot study carried out in 2002. To this end, linking coefficients have been calculated. This application allows obtaining the final data for 2002, as well as the revision of the data published prior to this date.

  • 15.3Coherence - cross domain

    There is no other similar operation to compare information.

  • 15.4Coherence - internal

    Coherence is an essential factor in planning the methodology of the statistics as well as in its compilation. The results have complete internal coherence, since they are the same data set.

• 16Cost and burden
  • 16.1Cost and burden

    The estimation of the budgetary credit necessary to finance these statistics, as foreseen in the 2016 Annual Programme, comes to a total of 10.00 thousand euros.

• 17Data revision
  • 17.1Data revision - policy

    Once the final data of the statistics is published, it is not revised.

  • 17.2Data revision - practice

    Each month, provisional data for the statistics is disseminated, and when the final data is published, it is not subject to revision.

• 18Statistical processing
  • 18.1Source data

    Information collection is carried out by electronic mail. Each surveyed institution completes a questionnaire with the monthly summary of all their branches located in the country. Information is given on:
    - Number and value of portfolio bills of exchange which expire in the reference month.
    - Number and value of unpaid portfolio bills in the reference month(classified by receiving province)
    - Number and value of bills of exchange received as collection management of clients with due date in the reference month and
    - Number and value of bills of exchange received as unpaid collection management of clients with due date in the reference month (classified by receiving provinces that manage their collection)
    This data is sent to the INE in the form of a normalised questionnaire within the twenty days after the reference month.
    Banking groups and trade union groups may sent a single questionnaire with the information aggregated of the institutions integrated in said groups. Similarly, the Spanish Confederation of Savings Banks sends a single questionnaire with the totalised data of all institutions included in this confederation.

  • 18.2Frequency of data collection

    Data is collected on a monthly basis.

  • 18.3Data collection

    The financial institutions send their data in an encrypted file by electronic mail.

  • 18.4Data validation

    The questionnaires obtained are subjected to interactive filtering programmes in order to correct possible errors.

  • 18.5Data compilation

    During the filtering process, errors and inconsistencies in the identification variables of each register are detected and filtered.

  • 18.6Adjustment

    No adjustments are made.

• 19Comment
  • 19.1Comment