Statistics on R&D Activities in the Business Sector National results: Higher Education Sector Total personnel in intramural R&D by type of center Units: specified in the variables Public universities Private universities Other centres of higher education Total Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total 147,351 18,096 5,170 170,617 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers 116,960 16,329 4,091 137,380 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians 14,298 865 691 15,854 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff 16,093 902 388 17,383 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total 68,131 9,060 2,389 79,580 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers 50,899 7,868 1,720 60,487 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians 7,235 549 429 8,213 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff 9,997 643 240 10,880 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total 78,006.9 7,297.6 2,922.9 88,227.4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers 61,514.8 6,254.2 2,215.1 69,984.1 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians 9,295.0 619.5 451.5 10,366.0 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff 7,197.1 423.9 256.3 7,877.3 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total 35,403.0 3,816.8 1,385.7 40,605.5 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers 26,110.0 3,128.5 937.1 30,175.6 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians 4,833.2 411.3 283.3 5,527.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff 4,459.8 277.0 165.3 4,902.1 By qualification (HC): Total 147,351 18,096 5,170 170,617 By qualification (HC): University PhD 81,831 10,036 2,022 93,889 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents 38,559 6,675 2,258 47,492 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents 13,486 744 573 14,803 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents 4,442 291 165 4,898 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar 6,305 259 131 6,695 By qualification (HC): Other studies 2,728 91 21 2,840 By qualification (HC): Women: Total 68,131 9,060 2,389 79,580 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD 34,282 4,966 832 40,080 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents 19,077 3,322 1,042 23,441 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents 7,099 469 324 7,892 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents 2,533 180 111 2,824 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar 3,611 96 70 3,777 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies 1,529 27 10 1,566 By qualification (FTE): Total 78,006.9 7,297.6 2,922.9 88,227.4 By qualification (FTE): University PhD 43,015.8 4,216.5 1,035.0 48,267.3 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents 21,600.0 2,318.3 1,432.6 25,350.9 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents 7,033.0 371.5 269.6 7,674.1 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents 2,513.1 209.7 106.2 2,829.0 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar 2,414.7 156.7 64.9 2,636.3 By qualification (FTE): Other studies 1,430.3 24.9 14.6 1,469.8 By scientific discipline (HC): Total 147,351 18,096 5,170 170,617 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences 27,671 1,161 1,460 30,292 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology 31,972 3,189 765 35,926 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences 26,291 4,246 662 31,199 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences 4,477 254 149 4,880 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences 37,563 7,287 1,667 46,517 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts 19,377 1,959 467 21,803 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total 68,131 9,060 2,389 79,580 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences 12,139 637 565 13,341 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology 10,359 942 268 11,569 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences 14,243 2,408 442 17,093 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences 2,172 148 73 2,393 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences 19,206 3,877 803 23,886 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts 10,012 1,048 238 11,298 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total 394 121 351 866 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers 310 121 338 769 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total 132 58 169 359 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers 74 58 161 293 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total 271.8 26.0 107.0 404.8 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers 190.0 26.0 98.4 314.4 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total 100.3 12.4 39.7 152.4 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers 44.5 12.4 34.8 91.7 Notes: 1) HC: Head count 2)FTE: Full-time equivalent '...' data not available '.'=numeric data equal to zero not resulting from rounding Source: National Statistics Institute