Statistics on R&D Activities in the Business Sector National summary Indicators by OECD countries, resources allocated to R+D and period. Units: specified in variables Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed Total researchers (physical persons) Percentage of women among total number of researchers 2008 2007 2006 2005 2008 2007 2006 2005 2008 2007 2006 2005 2008 2007 2006 2005 Australia .. .. 2.06 .. .. .. 12.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Austria 2.67 2.54 2.47 2.45 13.9 13.2 12.4 12.1 .. 53,590 49,597 .. .. 26.5 25.3 .. Belgium 1.92 1.90 1.86 1.83 13.2 13.2 12.9 12.6 .. 51,278 49,253 48,757 .. 31.1 30.7 29.6 Canada 1.84 1.90 1.97 2.05 .. .. 13.4 13.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Czech Republic 1.47 1.54 1.55 1.41 9.6 9.4 9.4 8.7 44,240 42,538 39,676 37,542 28.5 28.3 28.5 28.8 Denmark 2.72 2.55 2.48 2.46 16.5 16.2 15.9 15.7 .. 42,992 44,095 43,460 .. 30.2 .. 29.7 Finland 3.49 3.47 3.45 3.48 22.4 22.6 23.9 24.0 .. 53,420 53,273 50,773 .. 31.5 31.6 30.2 France 2.02 2.04 2.10 2.10 .. 14.5 14.4 13.9 .. 273,542 268,944 251,599 .. .. 27.4 28.0 Germany .. 2.53 2.53 2.49 .. 12.8 12.5 12.2 .. 437,780 .. 406,253 .. 23.2 .. 21.4 Greece .. 0.58 0.58 0.59 .. 7.6 7.6 7.4 .. .. .. 33,396 .. .. .. 36.4 Hungary .. 0.97 1.00 0.94 .. 6.2 6.2 5.6 .. 33,059 32,786 31,407 .. 33.5 33.5 34.2 Iceland 2.65 2.70 2.99 2.77 17.5 16.8 20.1 20.0 4,158 3,979 4,290 3,821 37.9 37.9 38.6 39.3 Ireland 1.43 1.28 1.25 1.25 .. 8.6 8.6 8.5 .. 19,380 18,592 17,653 .. 32.1 31.2 30.3 Italy 1.18 1.18 1.13 1.09 9.4 8.3 7.7 7.2 .. .. 137,163 125,534 .. .. 33.3 32.4 Japan .. 3.44 3.40 3.32 .. 14.6 14.6 14.4 .. 883,386 874,690 861,901 .. 13.0 12.4 11.9 Korea .. 3.21 3.01 2.79 .. 11.5 10.3 9.4 .. 289,098 256,598 234,702 .. 14.9 13.1 12.9 Luxembourg 1.62 1.57 1.65 1.56 13.6 13.8 13.7 14.3 .. 2,470 .. 2,443 .. 24.1 .. 18.2 Mexico .. 0.37 0.39 0.41 .. 1.6 1.6 2.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Holland .. 1.71 1.78 1.79 10.2 10.3 11.1 10.7 .. .. .. 49,979 .. .. .. 18.0 New Zealand .. 1.21 .. 1.16 .. 14.5 .. 14.1 .. 29,700 .. 27,570 .. .. .. .. Norway 1.62 1.64 1.52 1.52 13.6 13.4 13.0 13.0 .. 41,752 .. 36,998 .. 33.4 .. 31.7 Poland 0.61 0.57 0.56 0.57 4.7 5.0 5.1 5.5 .. 97,289 96,374 97,875 .. 39.9 39.5 39.3 Portugal 1.51 1.21 1.02 0.81 9.5 6.9 6.0 5.0 .. 51,443 44,606 37,769 .. 43.5 43.8 44.4 Slovak Republic 0.47 0.46 0.49 0.51 7.0 7.1 7.1 6.9 19,814 19,375 18,816 17,526 42.3 42.3 41.8 41.5 Spain 1.35 1.27 1.20 1.12 10.5 9.8 9.4 9.1 .. 206,190 193,024 181,023 .. 37.0 36.7 36.7 Sweden 3.75 3.61 3.74 3.60 17.0 17.0 17.8 17.9 .. 73,112 .. 82,496 .. 34.5 .. 35.8 Switzerland .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Turkey .. 0.72 0.58 0.59 .. 3.1 2.4 2.2 .. 101,961 90,118 83,856 .. 36.7 36.3 36.1 United Kingdom 1.88 1.82 1.76 1.73 11.4 11.1 10.7 10.5 .. 378,710 .. 364,807 .. 36.7 .. 35.7 United States 2.77 2.66 2.61 2.57 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. EU (15) .. 1.90 1.89 1.86 .. 11.6 11.4 11.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. EU (25) .. 1.80 1.79 1.76 .. 10.8 10.7 10.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. EU (27) .. 1.77 1.76 1.74 .. 10.4 10.3 10.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. OECD .. 2.28 2.24 2.21 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Notes: 1) Source: OECD. MSTI 2006-2 Database. FTE: Full Time Equivalent '..' data not available Source: National Statistics Institute