Four-yearly Wage Structure Survey National results and by Autonomous Communities. Average earnings per hour Average earnings per hour by Autonomous Community, sex, studies and type of working day. Units: euros Total Full time Part time National total Both genders All studies 9.94 10.16 7.97 I. Without studies 7.51 7.63 6.58 II. Primary education 8.24 8.42 6.80 III. Secondary education I 8.12 8.25 7.02 IV. Secondary education II 10.34 10.66 7.97 V. Intermediate vocational training 9.14 9.34 7.29 VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.82 9.99 7.78 VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.91 13.24 9.92 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 16.14 16.47 12.82 Males All studies 10.60 10.66 9.18 I. Without studies 7.87 7.90 7.12 II. Primary education 8.81 8.84 8.17 III. Secondary education I 8.61 8.64 7.78 IV. Secondary education II 11.65 11.81 9.14 V. Intermediate vocational training 10.28 10.36 -8.09 VI. Advanced level vocational training 11.05 11.11 9.05 VII. University diploma or equivalent 14.56 14.79 10.54 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 18.61 18.86 14.48 Females All studies 8.87 9.20 7.52 I. Without studies 6.64 6.74 6.41 II. Primary education 6.78 6.99 6.20 III. Secondary education I 7.07 7.17 6.76 IV. Secondary education II 8.74 9.02 7.53 V. Intermediate vocational training 7.87 8.03 7.09 VI. Advanced level vocational training 8.11 8.22 7.42 VII. University diploma or equivalent 11.59 11.88 9.71 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 13.32 13.52 11.95 Andalucía Both genders All studies 9.02 9.23 7.43 I. Without studies 7.69 7.79 -6.73 II. Primary education 7.93 8.06 -6.83 III. Secondary education I 7.81 7.97 6.60 IV. Secondary education II 9.92 10.27 -7.55 V. Intermediate vocational training 8.48 8.77 -6.74 VI. Advanced level vocational training 8.41 8.64 -6.22 VII. University diploma or equivalent 11.53 11.86 -9.45 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 14.98 15.59 -10.92 Males All studies 9.48 9.56 8.05 I. Without studies 7.97 8.03 .. II. Primary education 8.23 8.26 -7.69 III. Secondary education I 8.15 8.22 -6.76 IV. Secondary education II 11.02 11.14 -8.96 V. Intermediate vocational training 9.29 9.38 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.46 9.57 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 13.38 13.62 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 17.28 17.68 -12.13 Females All studies 8.12 8.43 7.16 I. Without studies 6.91 -6.97 -6.72 II. Primary education 6.82 7.06 -6.21 III. Secondary education I 6.92 7.09 6.53 IV. Secondary education II 8.12 8.48 -6.99 V. Intermediate vocational training -7.51 -7.80 -6.66 VI. Advanced level vocational training 7.17 -7.36 -6.16 VII. University diploma or equivalent 9.91 10.13 -8.96 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 12.27 12.74 -10.40 Aragón Both genders All studies 9.82 10.10 7.53 I. Without studies -7.37 -7.44 .. II. Primary education 8.61 8.83 -6.63 III. Secondary education I 8.50 8.77 6.79 IV. Secondary education II 9.61 9.92 -7.17 V. Intermediate vocational training 9.62 9.91 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.98 10.16 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.22 12.47 -9.48 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 15.07 15.28 -12.73 Males All studies 10.74 10.84 8.60 I. Without studies -7.89 -7.81 .. II. Primary education 9.45 9.52 -7.64 III. Secondary education I 9.36 9.47 -7.21 IV. Secondary education II 11.08 11.23 .. V. Intermediate vocational training 10.58 10.72 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 11.11 11.08 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 14.09 -14.37 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 17.62 17.92 .. Females All studies 8.31 8.61 7.15 I. Without studies .. .. .. II. Primary education 6.49 6.57 -6.27 III. Secondary education I 6.84 6.91 -6.66 IV. Secondary education II -7.46 -7.64 -6.77 V. Intermediate vocational training -8.24 -8.49 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -7.84 -8.09 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 10.78 10.96 -9.14 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 12.50 12.47 -12.77 Principado de Asturias Both genders All studies 9.94 10.19 7.30 I. Without studies -7.95 -8.30 .. II. Primary education 8.54 8.68 -7.09 III. Secondary education I 8.56 8.77 -6.65 IV. Secondary education II 8.97 9.24 -6.59 V. Intermediate vocational training 9.05 9.18 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 10.23 10.40 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.79 13.20 -8.17 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 15.20 15.48 -11.55 Males All studies 10.93 11.01 -8.61 I. Without studies -8.80 -8.88 .. II. Primary education 9.22 9.21 .. III. Secondary education I 9.69 9.77 .. IV. Secondary education II 10.33 10.42 .. V. Intermediate vocational training 10.17 10.28 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 11.41 11.49 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -14.69 -14.90 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 17.06 17.19 .. Females All studies 8.30 8.60 6.90 I. Without studies -6.50 .. .. II. Primary education -6.45 -6.46 -6.43 III. Secondary education I 6.39 -6.36 -6.47 IV. Secondary education II 7.09 -7.27 -6.28 V. Intermediate vocational training -7.30 -7.37 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -7.74 -7.80 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 11.33 -11.79 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -12.89 -13.16 -10.80 Balears (Illes) Both genders All studies 9.44 9.54 8.57 I. Without studies 7.39 7.40 -7.26 II. Primary education 8.42 8.49 -7.96 III. Secondary education I 8.20 8.28 -7.60 IV. Secondary education II 10.26 10.45 -8.84 V. Intermediate vocational training -8.95 -8.97 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.96 -10.15 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 13.58 13.64 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 16.61 16.80 -14.76 Males All studies 10.04 10.05 -9.95 I. Without studies 7.83 7.86 .. II. Primary education 8.88 8.89 .. III. Secondary education I 8.68 8.64 -9.39 IV. Secondary education II 11.77 11.90 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -10.41 -10.33 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -10.85 -11.00 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -14.64 -14.83 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -18.85 -19.20 .. Females All studies 8.64 8.78 7.91 I. Without studies -6.65 -6.53 -7.28 II. Primary education -7.75 -7.83 -7.40 III. Secondary education I 7.41 7.56 -6.94 IV. Secondary education II -8.59 -8.62 -8.42 V. Intermediate vocational training -7.97 -7.95 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -8.87 -9.04 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -12.86 -12.85 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -14.13 -14.15 .. Canarias Both genders All studies 8.36 8.51 6.75 I. Without studies 6.76 6.80 -6.32 II. Primary education 7.14 7.32 -5.91 III. Secondary education I 6.99 7.04 -6.33 IV. Secondary education II 8.96 9.23 -6.89 V. Intermediate vocational training 7.51 7.58 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 8.43 8.51 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 13.16 13.51 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 15.18 15.63 -10.39 Males All studies 8.67 8.75 -7.07 I. Without studies 7.01 7.03 .. II. Primary education 7.58 7.68 .. III. Secondary education I 7.25 7.27 .. IV. Secondary education II 9.79 10.04 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -7.81 -7.86 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -9.28 -9.35 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -14.47 -14.84 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 17.13 -17.44 .. Females All studies 7.89 8.11 6.59 I. Without studies -6.27 -6.28 .. II. Primary education 6.27 -6.45 -5.69 III. Secondary education I 6.44 6.48 -6.24 IV. Secondary education II -7.99 -8.20 -6.95 V. Intermediate vocational training -7.20 -7.27 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -7.56 -7.59 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -12.09 -12.40 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -13.06 -13.54 .. Cantabria Both genders All studies 9.08 9.33 7.02 I. Without studies -7.65 -7.73 .. II. Primary education 8.01 8.21 -6.26 III. Secondary education I 7.75 7.93 -6.46 IV. Secondary education II 8.52 8.77 -6.78 V. Intermediate vocational training 8.78 8.98 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.21 9.40 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.45 12.78 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 14.18 14.57 -10.94 Males All studies 9.90 9.96 -8.42 I. Without studies .. .. .. II. Primary education 8.75 8.78 .. III. Secondary education I 8.43 8.50 .. IV. Secondary education II -9.89 -9.93 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -9.95 -9.99 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -10.45 -10.51 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -14.15 -14.54 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -15.68 -15.94 .. Females All studies 7.80 8.11 6.58 I. Without studies .. .. .. II. Primary education -6.40 -6.58 -5.89 III. Secondary education I 6.38 -6.44 -6.23 IV. Secondary education II -6.94 -7.12 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -7.21 -7.36 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -7.19 -7.34 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -11.17 -11.46 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -12.24 -12.61 .. Castilla-La Mancha Both genders All studies 8.90 9.05 7.42 I. Without studies 7.08 7.23 -5.58 II. Primary education 7.74 7.78 -7.26 III. Secondary education I 7.61 7.76 6.24 IV. Secondary education II 9.24 9.50 -6.93 V. Intermediate vocational training 8.59 8.81 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.58 9.57 -9.71 VII. University diploma or equivalent 11.08 11.40 -8.05 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 13.43 13.73 -10.99 Males All studies 9.39 9.37 9.93 I. Without studies 7.16 7.20 .. II. Primary education 8.20 8.14 .. III. Secondary education I 8.17 8.18 -7.81 IV. Secondary education II 10.31 10.40 .. V. Intermediate vocational training 9.62 9.67 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 10.40 10.33 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.10 12.22 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 15.58 15.83 -12.66 Females All studies 8.01 8.32 6.77 I. Without studies -6.85 -7.39 -5.64 II. Primary education 6.29 6.35 -6.12 III. Secondary education I 6.39 6.54 -6.02 IV. Secondary education II 7.65 -7.89 -6.66 V. Intermediate vocational training -7.20 -7.45 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -7.66 -7.50 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 10.40 10.80 -7.77 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 11.24 11.43 -10.01 Castilla y León Both genders All studies 8.75 8.88 7.33 I. Without studies 6.81 6.97 -5.35 II. Primary education 7.57 7.65 -6.53 III. Secondary education I 7.31 7.37 -6.51 IV. Secondary education II 9.72 10.08 -6.97 V. Intermediate vocational training 8.12 8.28 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.65 9.70 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 13.40 13.49 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 16.03 16.29 -12.74 Males All studies 9.01 9.03 -8.30 I. Without studies 7.07 7.10 .. II. Primary education 8.00 7.99 .. III. Secondary education I 7.64 7.64 .. IV. Secondary education II 11.31 11.50 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -9.09 -9.15 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 10.80 10.92 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -14.36 -14.52 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 18.48 18.86 .. Females All studies 8.26 8.53 7.04 I. Without studies -5.88 -6.28 -5.16 II. Primary education 6.35 -6.48 -5.85 III. Secondary education I 6.40 6.45 -6.24 IV. Secondary education II -7.51 -7.73 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -7.04 -7.21 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -8.13 -7.88 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.82 -12.82 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 13.73 -13.81 .. Cataluña Both genders All studies 10.64 10.90 8.60 I. Without studies 7.93 8.17 -6.77 II. Primary education 8.76 9.07 6.46 III. Secondary education I 8.73 8.89 7.34 IV. Secondary education II 11.31 11.70 8.60 V. Intermediate vocational training 9.57 9.79 -7.83 VI. Advanced level vocational training 10.60 10.79 -8.46 VII. University diploma or equivalent 13.52 13.81 -11.47 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 16.63 16.87 14.40 Males All studies 11.62 11.69 10.09 I. Without studies 8.45 8.52 .. II. Primary education 9.59 9.66 -7.90 III. Secondary education I 9.61 9.63 -9.00 IV. Secondary education II 13.11 13.36 -10.03 V. Intermediate vocational training 10.88 11.06 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 12.07 12.14 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 14.77 15.00 -11.02 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 19.00 19.21 -16.17 Females All studies 9.22 9.51 8.08 I. Without studies -6.78 -6.94 -6.56 II. Primary education 6.86 7.23 5.97 III. Secondary education I 7.23 7.33 6.89 IV. Secondary education II 9.42 9.73 -8.00 V. Intermediate vocational training 8.00 8.03 -7.87 VI. Advanced level vocational training 8.70 8.81 -8.07 VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.50 12.70 -11.59 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 13.80 13.87 -13.32 Comunidad Valenciana Both genders All studies 9.14 9.32 7.64 I. Without studies 7.67 7.84 -6.89 II. Primary education 7.70 7.82 6.62 III. Secondary education I 7.90 8.03 6.88 IV. Secondary education II 10.43 10.58 -9.13 V. Intermediate vocational training 8.81 8.95 -7.63 VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.69 9.88 -7.30 VII. University diploma or equivalent 11.42 11.90 -7.33 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 14.26 14.44 -12.60 Males All studies 9.68 9.72 8.71 I. Without studies -8.02 -7.95 .. II. Primary education 8.13 8.13 -8.35 III. Secondary education I 8.24 8.28 -7.45 IV. Secondary education II 11.82 12.00 .. V. Intermediate vocational training 10.57 10.67 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 11.03 11.11 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.79 12.99 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 16.44 16.65 -12.78 Females All studies 8.17 8.43 7.24 I. Without studies -6.87 -7.35 -6.40 II. Primary education 6.31 6.44 5.99 III. Secondary education I 7.09 7.25 6.64 IV. Secondary education II 8.47 8.32 -9.22 V. Intermediate vocational training 7.40 -7.39 -7.47 VI. Advanced level vocational training 8.00 -8.17 -6.78 VII. University diploma or equivalent 10.32 10.92 -6.70 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 11.74 11.61 -12.52 Extremadura Both genders All studies 7.96 8.09 6.75 I. Without studies 6.12 -6.18 -5.35 II. Primary education 6.74 6.80 -6.11 III. Secondary education I 6.35 6.41 -5.85 IV. Secondary education II 8.54 8.79 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -7.74 -7.96 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 7.89 -7.96 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 11.49 11.65 -9.83 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 14.58 15.17 -10.12 Males All studies 8.05 8.07 -7.73 I. Without studies -6.27 -6.30 .. II. Primary education 6.89 6.91 .. III. Secondary education I 6.57 6.56 .. IV. Secondary education II -9.56 -9.73 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -8.95 -9.04 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -8.68 -8.67 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -12.06 -12.17 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -16.28 -16.56 .. Females All studies 7.78 8.14 6.29 I. Without studies -5.49 .. .. II. Primary education -6.17 -6.34 -5.55 III. Secondary education I 5.80 -5.90 -5.58 IV. Secondary education II -6.86 -7.08 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -7.03 -7.25 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -7.05 -7.17 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -11.13 -11.30 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -12.56 -13.33 .. Galicia Both genders All studies 8.75 8.83 7.83 I. Without studies 6.72 6.83 -5.52 II. Primary education 7.71 7.77 -7.09 III. Secondary education I 7.08 7.08 -7.01 IV. Secondary education II 9.18 9.15 -9.47 V. Intermediate vocational training 8.13 8.23 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 8.30 8.37 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.11 12.28 -9.78 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 14.88 15.18 -11.53 Males All studies 9.34 9.30 -10.59 I. Without studies 7.18 7.21 .. II. Primary education 8.41 8.39 .. III. Secondary education I 7.52 7.46 .. IV. Secondary education II 10.65 10.56 .. V. Intermediate vocational training 9.08 8.99 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.43 9.42 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 13.60 -13.58 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 17.37 17.48 .. Females All studies 7.85 8.01 6.95 I. Without studies -5.80 -5.90 -5.38 II. Primary education 6.04 5.99 -6.23 III. Secondary education I 6.10 6.09 -6.12 IV. Secondary education II 7.45 7.25 -8.47 V. Intermediate vocational training -7.14 -7.29 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 6.94 -6.97 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 11.15 11.42 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 12.46 12.75 -10.25 Comunidad de Madrid Both genders All studies 11.60 11.97 8.25 I. Without studies 7.80 8.00 -6.68 II. Primary education 8.76 9.03 6.96 III. Secondary education I 8.73 8.93 7.17 IV. Secondary education II 10.87 11.28 7.70 V. Intermediate vocational training 9.91 10.16 -6.77 VI. Advanced level vocational training 10.67 10.88 -7.46 VII. University diploma or equivalent 14.35 14.72 -9.58 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 17.73 18.06 13.45 Males All studies 12.67 12.84 9.39 I. Without studies 8.17 8.21 .. II. Primary education 9.51 9.60 -8.37 III. Secondary education I 9.23 9.33 -7.09 IV. Secondary education II 12.05 12.25 -8.74 V. Intermediate vocational training 11.15 11.20 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 12.14 12.24 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 16.90 17.18 -10.35 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 20.79 21.05 -15.12 Females All studies 10.11 10.58 7.79 I. Without studies -6.88 -7.05 -6.69 II. Primary education 7.22 7.58 6.16 III. Secondary education I 7.76 7.94 7.20 IV. Secondary education II 9.66 10.15 -7.35 V. Intermediate vocational training 8.53 8.85 -6.33 VI. Advanced level vocational training 8.80 8.99 -7.24 VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.04 12.35 -9.29 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 14.22 14.40 -12.62 Región de Murcia Both genders All studies 8.61 8.74 7.70 I. Without studies -6.90 -6.96 -6.54 II. Primary education 7.46 7.55 6.87 III. Secondary education I 7.51 7.52 7.46 IV. Secondary education II 8.84 9.13 -6.96 V. Intermediate vocational training 8.09 8.20 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 8.86 9.04 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 12.08 12.22 -10.54 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 15.20 15.31 -14.25 Males All studies 8.95 8.96 -8.82 I. Without studies -7.25 -7.20 .. II. Primary education 7.81 7.81 -7.70 III. Secondary education I 7.80 7.76 -8.50 IV. Secondary education II 10.00 -10.13 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -8.91 -8.95 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -10.33 -10.38 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -12.93 -13.02 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -17.05 -17.31 .. Females All studies 7.97 8.21 7.27 I. Without studies -5.82 .. .. II. Primary education 6.35 -6.17 -6.60 III. Secondary education I 6.78 6.68 -7.00 IV. Secondary education II -7.28 -7.45 -6.73 V. Intermediate vocational training -7.49 -7.57 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -7.25 -7.34 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 11.38 -11.51 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -12.90 -12.67 .. Comunidad Foral de Navarra Both genders All studies 10.84 11.00 9.31 I. Without studies 8.91 9.07 -7.47 II. Primary education 9.48 9.63 -8.29 III. Secondary education I 9.20 9.29 -8.45 IV. Secondary education II 9.96 10.06 -9.20 V. Intermediate vocational training 10.17 10.33 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 10.35 10.53 -8.28 VII. University diploma or equivalent 13.74 13.77 -13.41 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 16.11 16.35 -13.14 Males All studies 11.53 11.52 -11.71 I. Without studies -9.45 -9.48 .. II. Primary education 10.43 10.41 .. III. Secondary education I 9.91 9.89 .. IV. Secondary education II -11.30 -11.32 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -10.77 -10.83 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 11.39 11.39 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -14.22 -14.12 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 18.03 18.14 .. Females All studies 9.75 10.01 8.68 I. Without studies -7.70 -7.84 .. II. Primary education 7.42 -7.29 -7.74 III. Secondary education I 7.89 -7.86 -7.97 IV. Secondary education II -8.13 -8.03 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -9.15 -9.35 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -8.54 -8.77 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -13.38 -13.48 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 13.98 -14.24 .. País Vasco Both genders All studies 11.64 11.92 9.14 I. Without studies 9.00 9.44 -7.11 II. Primary education 10.60 10.89 -8.24 III. Secondary education I 9.87 10.01 8.76 IV. Secondary education II 11.22 11.56 -8.33 V. Intermediate vocational training 10.38 10.67 -8.17 VI. Advanced level vocational training 11.01 11.15 -9.20 VII. University diploma or equivalent 14.21 14.56 -10.84 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 16.14 16.38 -13.21 Males All studies 12.38 12.44 11.03 I. Without studies 10.02 10.11 .. II. Primary education 11.28 11.32 -10.32 III. Secondary education I 10.39 10.41 -10.06 IV. Secondary education II 12.51 12.60 .. V. Intermediate vocational training 11.09 11.18 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 11.88 11.92 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 15.33 15.65 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 17.94 17.98 -17.15 Females All studies 10.41 10.89 8.58 I. Without studies -7.27 -7.51 -6.94 II. Primary education 8.61 -9.10 -7.59 III. Secondary education I 8.80 8.94 -8.42 IV. Secondary education II 9.23 -9.64 -7.60 V. Intermediate vocational training 9.50 -9.91 -7.79 VI. Advanced level vocational training 9.17 9.23 -8.89 VII. University diploma or equivalent 13.28 13.55 -11.43 VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 13.96 14.30 -11.17 Rioja (La) Both genders All studies 9.05 9.21 7.57 I. Without studies -7.38 -7.59 .. II. Primary education 7.94 8.01 -7.23 III. Secondary education I 8.03 -8.30 -6.45 IV. Secondary education II 9.70 -10.11 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -8.33 -8.47 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training 8.83 8.97 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent 11.78 -12.15 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors 13.69 -13.80 -12.65 Males All studies 9.63 9.64 -9.42 I. Without studies -7.90 -7.95 .. II. Primary education 8.40 8.37 .. III. Secondary education I -8.95 -9.04 .. IV. Secondary education II -11.19 -11.36 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -9.58 -9.65 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -9.83 -9.83 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -12.99 -13.08 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -15.23 -15.40 .. Females All studies 8.15 8.42 7.13 I. Without studies .. .. .. II. Primary education 6.74 -6.81 -6.54 III. Secondary education I -6.86 -7.01 -6.48 IV. Secondary education II -7.87 -8.19 .. V. Intermediate vocational training -7.40 -7.46 .. VI. Advanced level vocational training -7.43 -7.61 .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -10.96 -11.41 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -12.10 -12.05 .. Cities of Ceuta and Melilla Both genders All studies 10.28 10.43 -8.47 I. Without studies -7.54 -7.65 .. II. Primary education -7.75 -7.96 .. III. Secondary education I -8.56 -8.65 .. IV. Secondary education II -11.67 .. .. V. Intermediate vocational training .. .. .. VI. Advanced level vocational training .. .. .. VII. University diploma or equivalent -16.88 -17.19 .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors -20.31 .. .. Males All studies 10.11 10.11 .. I. Without studies -7.74 -7.76 .. II. Primary education -7.76 .. .. III. Secondary education I -9.18 -9.17 .. IV. Secondary education II .. .. .. V. Intermediate vocational training .. .. .. VI. Advanced level vocational training .. .. .. VII. University diploma or equivalent .. .. .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors .. .. .. Females All studies -10.65 -11.22 -7.52 I. Without studies .. .. .. II. Primary education .. .. .. III. Secondary education I -7.31 .. .. IV. Secondary education II .. .. .. V. Intermediate vocational training .. .. .. VI. Advanced level vocational training .. .. .. VII. University diploma or equivalent .. .. .. VIII. University graduates, advanced engineers and doctors .. .. .. Notes: Source: National Statistics Institute