Sex Highest educational level of their parents Mobility Total BOTH SEXES Total Upwards mobility 74.52 BOTH SEXES Total Downwards mobility 7.20 BOTH SEXES Total No mobility 18.28 BOTH SEXES Primary education and without studies Upwards mobility 95.31 BOTH SEXES Primary education and without studies Downwards mobility . BOTH SEXES Primary education and without studies No mobility 4.69 BOTH SEXES Secondary education Upwards mobility 65.91 BOTH SEXES Secondary education Downwards mobility . BOTH SEXES Secondary education No mobility 33.36 BOTH SEXES Post-secondary education or equivalent Upwards mobility 42.40 BOTH SEXES Post-secondary education or equivalent Downwards mobility 20.36 BOTH SEXES Post-secondary education or equivalent No mobility 37.24 BOTH SEXES University studies or the equivalent Upwards mobility . BOTH SEXES University studies or the equivalent Downwards mobility 41.01 BOTH SEXES University studies or the equivalent No mobility 58.99 MEN Total Upwards mobility 74.19 MEN Total Downwards mobility 7.76 MEN Total No mobility 18.04 MEN Primary education and without studies Upwards mobility 96.02 MEN Primary education and without studies Downwards mobility . MEN Primary education and without studies No mobility 3.98 MEN Secondary education Upwards mobility 61.23 MEN Secondary education Downwards mobility . MEN Secondary education No mobility 38.09 MEN Post-secondary education or equivalent Upwards mobility 39.05 MEN Post-secondary education or equivalent Downwards mobility 22.97 MEN Post-secondary education or equivalent No mobility 37.97 MEN University studies or the equivalent Upwards mobility . MEN University studies or the equivalent Downwards mobility 44.15 MEN University studies or the equivalent No mobility 55.85 WOMEN Total Upwards mobility 74.85 WOMEN Total Downwards mobility 6.63 WOMEN Total No mobility 18.52 WOMEN Primary education and without studies Upwards mobility 94.58 WOMEN Primary education and without studies Downwards mobility . WOMEN Primary education and without studies No mobility 5.42 WOMEN Secondary education Upwards mobility 70.73 WOMEN Secondary education Downwards mobility . WOMEN Secondary education No mobility 28.48 WOMEN Post-secondary education or equivalent Upwards mobility 45.76 WOMEN Post-secondary education or equivalent Downwards mobility 17.74 WOMEN Post-secondary education or equivalent No mobility 36.50 WOMEN University studies or the equivalent Upwards mobility . WOMEN University studies or the equivalent Downwards mobility 37.95 WOMEN University studies or the equivalent No mobility 62.05