Fields of operation years Total GDP(1986) 2001 .. GDP(1986) 2000 .. GDP(1986) 1999 .. GDP(1986) 1998 .. GDP(1986) 1997 .. GDP(1986) 1996 .. GDP(1986) 1995 .. GDP(1986) 1994 389,391.00 GDP(1986) 1993 366,333.00 GDP(1986) 1992 355,228.00 GDP(1986) 1991 330,120.00 GDP(1986) 1990 301,379.00 GDP(1986) 1989 270,720.00 GDP(1986) 1988 241,359.00 GDP(1986) 1987 217,230.00 GDP(1986) 1986 194,271.00 GDP(1986) 1985 169,491.00 GDP(1986) 1984 153,375.00 GDP(1986) 1983 135,419.00 GDP(1986) 1982 118,535.00 GDP(1986) 1981 102,441.00 GDP(1986) 1980 91,162.00 GDP(1986) 1979 79,340.00 GDP(1986) 1978 67,824.00 GDP(1986) 1977 55,413.00 GDP(1986) 1976 43,672.00 GDP(1986) 1975 36,290.00 GDP(1986) 1974 30,909.00 GDP(1986) 1973 25,239.00 GDP(1986) 1972 20,936.00 GDP(1986) 1971 17,838.00 GDP(1986) 1970 15,806.00 GDP(1986) 1969 14,311.00 GDP(1986) 1968 12,499.00 GDP(1986) 1967 11,071.00 GDP(1986) 1966 9,777.00 GDP(1986) 1965 8,427.00 GDP(1986) 1964 7,265.00 GDP(1995) 2001 651,641.00 GDP(1995) 2000 609,319.00 GDP(1995) 1999 563,109.00 GDP(1995) 1998 526,158.00 GDP(1995) 1997 493,188.00 GDP(1995) 1996 464,251.00 GDP(1995) 1995 437,787.00 GDP(1995) 1994 .. GDP(1995) 1993 .. GDP(1995) 1992 .. GDP(1995) 1991 .. GDP(1995) 1990 .. GDP(1995) 1989 .. GDP(1995) 1988 .. GDP(1995) 1987 .. GDP(1995) 1986 .. GDP(1995) 1985 .. GDP(1995) 1984 .. GDP(1995) 1983 .. GDP(1995) 1982 .. GDP(1995) 1981 .. GDP(1995) 1980 .. GDP(1995) 1979 .. GDP(1995) 1978 .. GDP(1995) 1977 .. GDP(1995) 1976 .. GDP(1995) 1975 .. GDP(1995) 1974 .. GDP(1995) 1973 .. GDP(1995) 1972 .. GDP(1995) 1971 .. GDP(1995) 1970 .. GDP(1995) 1969 .. GDP(1995) 1968 .. GDP(1995) 1967 .. GDP(1995) 1966 .. GDP(1995) 1965 .. GDP(1995) 1964 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 2001 0.96 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 2000 0.94 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1999 0.89 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1998 0.90 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1997 0.82 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1996 0.83 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1995 0.81 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1994 0.85 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1993 0.91 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1992 0.91 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1991 0.87 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1990 0.85 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1989 0.75 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1988 0.72 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1987 0.64 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1986 0.61 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1985 0.55 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1984 0.50 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1983 0.48 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1982 0.49 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1981 0.43 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1980 0.43 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1979 0.37 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1978 0.35 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1977 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1976 0.34 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1975 0.35 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1974 0.31 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1973 0.29 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1972 0.28 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1971 0.27 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1970 0.21 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1969 0.20 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1968 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1967 0.19 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1966 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1965 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 1964 0.13 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 2001 0.15 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 2000 0.15 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1999 0.15 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1998 0.15 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1997 0.14 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1996 0.15 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1995 0.15 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1994 0.17 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1993 0.18 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1992 0.18 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1991 0.19 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1990 0.18 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1989 0.17 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1988 0.17 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1987 0.16 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1986 0.15 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1985 0.13 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1984 0.13 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1983 0.14 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1982 0.14 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1981 0.14 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1980 0.13 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1979 0.12 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1978 0.11 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1977 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1976 0.12 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1975 0.13 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1974 0.11 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1973 0.12 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1972 0.13 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1971 0.12 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1970 0.11 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1969 0.11 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1968 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1967 0.11 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1966 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1965 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Public Administration 1964 0.09 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 2001 0.30 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 2000 0.28 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1999 0.27 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1998 0.27 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1997 0.27 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1996 0.27 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1995 0.26 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1994 0.27 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1993 0.28 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1992 0.26 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1991 0.19 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1990 0.17 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1989 0.15 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1988 0.14 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1987 0.12 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1986 0.12 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1985 0.11 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1984 0.11 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1983 0.11 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1982 0.11 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1981 0.10 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1980 0.09 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1979 0.06 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1978 0.06 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1977 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1976 0.02 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1975 0.02 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1974 0.02 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1973 0.02 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1972 0.02 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1971 0.03 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1970 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1969 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1968 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1967 0.00 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1966 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1965 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher Education 1964 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 2001 0.50 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 2000 0.50 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1999 0.46 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1998 0.47 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1997 0.40 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1996 0.40 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1995 0.39 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1994 0.40 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1993 0.44 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1992 0.46 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1991 0.49 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1990 0.49 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1989 0.43 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1988 0.41 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1987 0.35 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1986 0.34 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1985 0.31 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1984 0.26 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1983 0.23 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1982 0.24 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1981 0.19 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1980 0.21 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1979 0.19 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1978 0.18 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1977 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1976 0.20 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1975 0.20 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1974 0.18 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1973 0.15 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1972 0.13 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1971 0.12 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1970 0.09 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1969 0.08 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1968 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1967 0.08 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1966 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1965 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: Companies 1964 0.03 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 2001 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 2000 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1999 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1998 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1997 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1996 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1995 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1994 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1993 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1992 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1991 0.00 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1990 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1989 0.00 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1988 0.00 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1987 0.01 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1986 0.00 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1985 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1984 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1983 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1982 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1981 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1980 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1979 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1978 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1977 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1976 0.00 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1975 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1974 0.00 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1973 0.00 (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1972 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1971 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1970 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1969 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1968 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1967 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1966 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1965 .. (R+D Expenditure/GDP)*100: NPPI 1964 ..