Statistics on Biotechnology Use Results by sector of operation Total sectors. Biotechnology results by main variables and fields of operation. Unidades: specified in variables Total Units P.A. Higher Education PNPI Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology 1.289 1.079 141 58 11 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code 44 35 91 93 55 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units 51 44 82 98 46 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering 34 26 68 88 64 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses 52 49 55 91 27 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms 16 8 47 71 36 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing 30 23 60 86 27 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology 20 15 38 67 9 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other 12 12 13 12 . Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive 571 519 40 3 9 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business 260 179 41 40 . Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production 458 381 60 15 2 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health 53 48 76 93 82 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture 22 21 17 55 9 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products 34 33 24 81 9 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: 23 22 18 69 27 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment 20 17 16 72 . %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry 17 15 12 74 . Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) 34.060 9.795 12.138 11.848 279 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers 22.385 5.573 7.470 9.117 225 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants 11.675 4.222 4.668 2.731 54 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women 18.456 5.298 7.068 5.917 173 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers 11.274 2.925 3.864 4.350 135 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants 7.182 2.373 3.204 1.567 38 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) 23.664,3 6.828,6 9.456,2 7.281,1 98,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers 15.134,4 4.106,5 5.437,8 5.526,3 63,8 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants 8.529,9 2.722,1 4.018,4 1.754,8 34,6 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women 13.233,6 3.811,7 5.622,5 3.725 74,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers 7.820,7 2.190,7 2.885,9 2.699,8 44,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants 5.412,9 1.621 2.736,6 1.025,2 30,1 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) 1.450.426 533.826 553.526 357.077 5.998 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses 1.345.487 492.955 528.602 318.459 5.470 1.1) Remuneration to researchers 612.335 203.439 207.991 198.908 1.997 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants 261.758 96.850 119.932 44.005 971 1.3) Other current expenses 471.394 192.666 200.679 75.547 2.502 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses 104.939 40.870 24.924 38.617 527 2.1) Land and buildings 25.473 7.521 1.585 16.062 305 2.2) Equipment and instruments 75.530 32.078 22.111 21.131 210 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software 3.936 1.270 1.228 1.424 13 1) By origin of the funds: National funds 1.280.003 432.869 510.176 331.233 5.725 1.1) Own funds 460.825 319.046 66.029 74.512 1.238 1.2) From companies 113.547 39.253 47.227 24.742 2.324 1.3) Public Administration funds 675.417 70.063 379.086 225.082 1.185 1.4) From Universities 4.236 156 3.197 819 65 1.5) From non profit private institutions 25.979 4.351 14.637 6.078 912 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds 170.423 100.956 43.351 25.843 273 2.1) From EU programmes 77.465 20.070 36.920 20.376 99 2.2) Other foreign funds 92.959 80.886 6.431 5.467 174 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) 162.538 138.625 23.594 278 41 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain 123.047 101.114 21.615 278 41 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad 39.491 37.512 1.979 . . %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital 48 46 59 57 46 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information 13 13 16 14 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources 17 12 48 35 9 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain 16 14 21 31 9 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets 21 19 28 43 27 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels 21 19 28 38 36 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception 18 18 18 12 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements 36 37 37 26 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost 50 49 50 55 55 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting 19 19 21 16 18 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology 21 15 45 74 . Number of patents requested 1.729 466 685 578 . Notas: . '..'=data not available '.'=numeric piece of data equal to zero not resulting from rounding FTE: Full Time Equivalent (*) Total calculated from the total number of companies with related activities with Biotechnology and the total units from other sectors with activities in R&D in Biotechnology Fuente: National Statistics Institute