Scientific research and technological development. Year 2019 Total internal expenditure in R+D activities by years and sectors/unit. Units: thousands of euros and percentages Total (thousands of euros) Government: Total (thousands of euros) Government: % Higher Education: Total (thousands of euros) Higher Education: % Enterprises: Total (thousands of euros) Enterprises: % PNP: Total (thousands of euros) PNP: % 2021 17,249,248.6 2,910,025.2 16.9 4,586,993.4 26.6 9,696,149.2 56.2 56,080.8 0.3 2020 15,768,133.2 2,752,925.4 17.5 4,202,013.5 26.6 8,767,459.9 55.6 45,734.4 0.3 2019 15,572,051.8 2,648,295.6 17.0 4,141,140.6 26.6 8,740,596.3 56.1 42,019.3 0.3 2018 14,945,692.4 2,515,228.4 16.8 3,946,201.4 26.4 8,445,361.7 56.5 38,900.8 0.3 2017 14,063,444.1 2,495,023.4 17.7 3,808,958.3 27.1 7,729,249.4 55.0 30,213.1 0.2 2016 13,259,768.7 2,452,775.2 18.5 3,648,812.1 27.5 7,125,972.8 53.7 32,208.6 0.2 2015 13,171,807.2 2,520,417.0 19.1 3,703,883.9 28.1 6,920,014.4 52.5 27,491.9 0.2 2014 12,820,756.4 2,408,694.7 18.8 3,606,170.6 28.1 6,784,311.1 52.9 21,580.0 0.2 2013 13,011,798.0 2,436,443.9 18.7 3,647,407.2 28.0 6,906,395.9 53.1 21,551.1 0.2 2012 13,391,606.8 2,556,646.4 19.1 3,715,573.4 27.7 7,094,280.5 53.0 25,106.5 0.2 2011 14,184,294.6 2,762,384.8 19.5 4,002,023.6 28.2 7,396,369.0 52.1 23,517.1 0.2 2010 14,588,455.3 2,930,562.4 20.1 4,123,150.4 28.3 7,506,442.6 51.5 28,299.9 0.2 2009 14,581,675.7 2,926,733.2 20.1 4,058,359.1 27.8 7,567,595.9 51.9 28,987.5 0.2 2008 14,701,392.9 2,672,288.1 18.2 3,932,413.1 26.7 8,073,521.2 54.9 23,170.5 0.2 2007 13,342,370.6 2,348,843.4 17.6 3,518,594.7 26.4 7,453,901.8 55.9 21,030.8 0.2 2006 11,815,217.9 1,970,823.5 16.7 3,265,738.5 27.6 6,557,529.0 55.5 21,127.0 0.2 2005 10,196,871.0 1,738,052.9 17.0 2,959,927.7 29.0 5,485,033.5 53.8 13,856.9 0.1 2004 8,945,760.7 1,427,503.6 16.0 2,641,653.2 29.5 4,864,930.2 54.4 11,673.7 0.1 2003 8,213,035.6 1,261,762.8 15.4 2,491,958.8 30.3 4,443,438.0 54.1 15,876.0 0.2 2002 7,193,538.0 1,107,815.0 15.4 2,141,949.0 29.8 3,926,338.0 54.6 17,435.0 0.2 2001(*) 6,496,011.0 989,349.0 15.2 1,925,357.0 29.6 3,529,406.0 54.3 51,899.0 0.8 2001 6,227,157.1 989,011.1 15.9 1,925,357.0 30.9 3,261,030.6 52.4 51,758.4 0.8 2000 5,718,988.3 904,776.1 15.8 1,693,881.6 29.6 3,068,994.4 53.7 51,336.2 0.9 1999 4,995,360.2 843,262.1 16.9 1,504,603.8 30.1 2,597,099.5 52.0 50,400.9 1.0 1998 .. 767,300.1 16.3 1,438,666.7 30.5 2,457,183.9 52.1 .. 1.1 1997 4,038,903.5 701,549.4 17.4 1,321,932.1 32.7 1,970,850.9 48.8 44,571.1 1.1 1996 .. 704,933.1 18.3 1,242,700.7 32.3 1,862,620.7 48.3 .. 1.1 1995 3,550,106.4 661,119.3 18.6 1,136,910.6 32.0 1,712,229.4 48.3 39,847.1 1.1 1994 .. 681,812.2 20.7 1,040,303.9 31.6 1,540,490.2 46.8 .. 1.0 1993 3,350,059.5 670,092.4 20.0 1,047,816.5 31.3 1,599,744.0 47.7 32,406.6 1.0 1992 3,244,978.5 649,303.4 20.0 938,161.9 28.9 1,639,014.1 50.5 18,499.2 0.6 1991 2,881,083.7 612,725.8 21.3 640,120.0 22.2 1,613,320.8 56.0 14,917.1 0.5 1990 2,559,283.8 544,168.4 21.3 521,203.7 20.4 1,479,926.2 57.8 13,985.6 0.5 1989 2,039,378.3 463,602.7 22.7 416,321.1 20.4 1,148,852.7 56.3 10,601.9 0.5 1988 1,729,045.7 400,784.9 23.2 332,756.4 19.2 981,873.5 56.8 13,631.0 0.8 1987 1,385,387.0 349,716.9 25.2 262,444.0 19.0 761,524.4 55.0 11,701.7 0.8 1986 1,188,056.7 295,800.1 24.9 221,040.2 18.6 663,144.7 55.8 8,071.6 0.7 1985 933,618.2 225,734.1 24.2 192,245.7 20.6 515,638.3 55.2 .. .. 1984 758,471.3 196,867.5 26.0 168,475.7 22.2 393,128.0 51.8 .. .. 1983 647,073.7 184,805.2 28.6 148,882.7 23.0 313,385.7 48.4 .. .. 1982 576,983.6 165,987.5 28.8 129,349.8 22.4 281,646.3 48.8 .. .. 1981 437,614.9 138,136.6 31.6 100,417.1 22.9 199,061.2 45.5 .. .. 1980 391,198.8 116,121.5 29.7 81,978.1 20.9 193,099.2 49.9 .. .. 1979 292,500.6 97,057.4 33.2 49,349.1 16.9 146,094.0 49.9 .. .. 1978 238,036.9 73,581.9 30.9 38,849.4 16.3 125,605.5 52.8 .. .. 1977 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1976 150,733.8 54,037.0 35.8 9,321.7 6.2 86,665.9 57.5 709.2 0.5 1975 127,907.4 45,604.8 35.7 9,123.4 7.1 73,179.2 57.2 .. .. 1974 94,833.7 33,716.8 35.6 4,964.4 5.2 54,698.1 57.7 1,454.4 1.5 1973 74,411.3 30,020.6 40.3 4,633.8 6.2 38,843.4 52.2 913.5 1.2 1972 59,247.8 27,514.3 46.4 4,441.5 7.5 27,285.9 46.1 .. .. 1971 48,706.0 22,249.5 45.7 5,132.6 10.5 21,323.9 43.8 .. .. 1970 33,614.6 18,174.6 54.1 1,202.0 3.6 14,238.0 42.4 .. .. 1969 28,013.2 15,494.1 55.3 973.6 3.5 11,545.4 41.2 .. .. 1968 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1967 21,131.6 11,106.7 52.6 643.1 3.0 9,381.8 44.4 .. .. 1966 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1965 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1964 10,054.9 6,845.5 68.1 649.1 6.4 2,560.3 25.5 .. .. Notes: 1) The data for the years 2001(*) onwards include continuous and occasional R&D. '...'= data not available 1) ~'1994,Total (thousands of euros)'~Estimates 1) ~'1996,Total (thousands of euros)'~Estimates 1) ~'1998,Total (thousands of euros)'~Estimates 1) ~'1994,PNP: Total (thousands of euros)'~Estimates 1) ~'1996,PNP: Total (thousands of euros)'~Estimates 1) ~'1998,PNP: Total (thousands of euros)'~Estimates Source: National Statistics Institute