Statistics on R&D Activities in the Business Sector 1964-2021 Series. Results based on Legal Units Expenditure on intramural R&D in relation to GDP by years and sector of performance Units: specified in the variables GDPpm (R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total (R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government (R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education (R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP 2021(P) 1,222,290 1.41 0.24 0.38 0.81 2020 1,119,010 1.41 0.25 0.38 0.79 2019 1,245,513 1.25 0.21 0.33 0.71 2018 1,203,859 1.24 0.21 0.33 0.70 2017 1,162,492 1.21 0.21 0.33 0.67 2016 1,114,420 1.19 0.22 0.33 0.64 2015 1,078,092 1.22 0.23 0.34 0.64 2014 1,032,608 1.24 0.23 0.35 0.66 2013 1,020,677 1.27 0.24 0.36 0.68 2012 (****) 1,031,104 1.30 0.25 0.36 0.69 2012 1,029,279 1.30 0.25 0.36 0.69 2011 1,046,327 1.36 0.26 0.38 0.71 2010 1,045,620 1.40 0.28 0.39 0.72 2009 (***) 1,046,894 1.39 0.28 0.39 0.73 2009 1,053,914 1.38 0.28 0.39 0.72 2008 1,088,124 1.35 0.25 0.36 0.74 2007 1,053,537 1.27 0.22 0.33 0.71 2006 984,284 1.20 0.20 0.33 0.67 2005 908,792 1.12 0.19 0.33 0.61 2004 841,042 1.06 0.17 0.31 0.58 2003 782,929 1.05 0.16 0.32 0.57 2002 729,206 0.99 0.15 0.29 0.54 2001(**) 680,678 0.95 0.15 0.28 0.53 2001 680,678 0.91 0.15 0.28 0.49 2000 (*) 630,263 0.91 0.14 0.27 0.50 2000 610,541 0.94 0.15 0.28 0.51 1999 565,419 0.88 0.15 0.27 0.47 1998 527,975 0.89 0.15 0.27 0.48 1997 494,140 0.82 0.14 0.27 0.41 1996 464,251 0.83 0.15 0.27 0.41 1995 437,787 0.81 0.15 0.26 0.40 1994 64,812 0.85 0.17 0.27 0.41 1993 60,953 0.91 0.18 0.28 0.45 1992 59,105 0.91 0.18 0.26 0.47 1991 54,927 0.87 0.19 0.19 0.49 1990 50,145 0.85 0.18 0.17 0.50 1989 45,044 0.75 0.17 0.15 0.43 1988 40,159 0.72 0.17 0.14 0.41 1987 36,144 0.64 0.16 0.12 0.36 1986 32,324 0.61 0.15 0.12 0.34 1985 28,201 0.55 0.13 0.11 0.31 1984 25,520 0.50 0.13 0.11 0.26 1983 22,532 0.48 0.14 0.11 0.23 1982 19,723 0.49 0.14 0.11 0.24 1981 17,045 0.43 0.14 0.10 0.19 Notes: 1) From the year 1981 to 1994: GDPpm base 1986 Billions of current pesetas From the year 1995 to 2000: GDPpm base 1995 Unit: MILLIONS OF EUROS Since 2000 (*): GDPpm base 2000 Unit: MILLIONS OF EUROS Since 2009 (***): GDPpm base 2008 Unit: MILLIONS OF EUROS Since 2012 (****): GDPpm Statistical Review 2019 Unit: MILLIONS OF EUROS. According to Eurostat, the Spanish statistical authorities have decided to reclassify SAREB in the government sector since the start of its activity in 2012, which represents an impact of less than 0.05 % on GDP revisions from this year to 2021. (P) Preliminary estimate of GDP (A) GDP flash estimate. The data for the years 2001 (**) onwards include continuous and occasional R&D. (P) Provisional estimate of GDP (A) Advance estimate of GDP The data for the years 2001(**) onwards include continuous and occasional R&D. Source: National Statistics Institute