Main variables Fields of operation Total Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology Total 1.289 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology Units 1.079 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology P.A. 141 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology Higher Education 58 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology PNPI 11 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code Total 44 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code Units 35 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code P.A. 91 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code Higher Education 93 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code PNPI 55 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units Total 51 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units Units 44 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units P.A. 82 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units Higher Education 98 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units PNPI 46 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering Total 34 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering Units 26 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering P.A. 68 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering Higher Education 88 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering PNPI 64 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses Total 52 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses Units 49 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses P.A. 55 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses Higher Education 91 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses PNPI 27 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms Total 16 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms Units 8 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms P.A. 47 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms Higher Education 71 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms PNPI 36 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing Total 30 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing Units 23 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing P.A. 60 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing Higher Education 86 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing PNPI 27 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology Total 20 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology Units 15 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology P.A. 38 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology Higher Education 67 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology PNPI 9 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other Total 12 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other Units 12 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other P.A. 13 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other Higher Education 12 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other PNPI . Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive Total 571 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive Units 519 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive P.A. 40 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive Higher Education 3 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive PNPI 9 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business Total 260 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business Units 179 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business P.A. 41 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business Higher Education 40 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business PNPI . Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production Total 458 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production Units 381 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production P.A. 60 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production Higher Education 15 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production PNPI 2 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health Total 53 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health Units 48 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health P.A. 76 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health Higher Education 93 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health PNPI 82 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture Total 22 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture Units 21 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture P.A. 17 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture Higher Education 55 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture PNPI 9 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products Total 34 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products Units 33 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products P.A. 24 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products Higher Education 81 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products PNPI 9 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: Total 23 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: Units 22 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: P.A. 18 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: Higher Education 69 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: PNPI 27 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment Total 20 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment Units 17 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment P.A. 16 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment Higher Education 72 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment PNPI . %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry Total 17 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry Units 15 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry P.A. 12 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry Higher Education 74 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry PNPI . Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) Total 34.060 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) Units 9.795 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) P.A. 12.138 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) Higher Education 11.848 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) PNPI 279 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers Total 22.385 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers Units 5.573 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers P.A. 7.470 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers Higher Education 9.117 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers PNPI 225 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants Total 11.675 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants Units 4.222 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants P.A. 4.668 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants Higher Education 2.731 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants PNPI 54 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women Total 18.456 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women Units 5.298 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women P.A. 7.068 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women Higher Education 5.917 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women PNPI 173 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers Total 11.274 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers Units 2.925 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers P.A. 3.864 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers Higher Education 4.350 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers PNPI 135 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants Total 7.182 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants Units 2.373 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants P.A. 3.204 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants Higher Education 1.567 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants PNPI 38 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) Total 23.664,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) Units 6.828,6 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) P.A. 9.456,2 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) Higher Education 7.281,1 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) PNPI 98,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers Total 15.134,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers Units 4.106,5 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers P.A. 5.437,8 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers Higher Education 5.526,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers PNPI 63,8 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants Total 8.529,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants Units 2.722,1 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants P.A. 4.018,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants Higher Education 1.754,8 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants PNPI 34,6 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women Total 13.233,6 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women Units 3.811,7 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women P.A. 5.622,5 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women Higher Education 3.725 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women PNPI 74,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers Total 7.820,7 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers Units 2.190,7 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers P.A. 2.885,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers Higher Education 2.699,8 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers PNPI 44,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants Total 5.412,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants Units 1.621 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants P.A. 2.736,6 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants Higher Education 1.025,2 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants PNPI 30,1 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) Total 1.450.426 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) Units 533.826 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) P.A. 553.526 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) Higher Education 357.077 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) PNPI 5.998 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses Total 1.345.487 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses Units 492.955 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses P.A. 528.602 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses Higher Education 318.459 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses PNPI 5.470 1.1) Remuneration to researchers Total 612.335 1.1) Remuneration to researchers Units 203.439 1.1) Remuneration to researchers P.A. 207.991 1.1) Remuneration to researchers Higher Education 198.908 1.1) Remuneration to researchers PNPI 1.997 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants Total 261.758 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants Units 96.850 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants P.A. 119.932 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants Higher Education 44.005 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants PNPI 971 1.3) Other current expenses Total 471.394 1.3) Other current expenses Units 192.666 1.3) Other current expenses P.A. 200.679 1.3) Other current expenses Higher Education 75.547 1.3) Other current expenses PNPI 2.502 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses Total 104.939 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses Units 40.870 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses P.A. 24.924 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses Higher Education 38.617 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses PNPI 527 2.1) Land and buildings Total 25.473 2.1) Land and buildings Units 7.521 2.1) Land and buildings P.A. 1.585 2.1) Land and buildings Higher Education 16.062 2.1) Land and buildings PNPI 305 2.2) Equipment and instruments Total 75.530 2.2) Equipment and instruments Units 32.078 2.2) Equipment and instruments P.A. 22.111 2.2) Equipment and instruments Higher Education 21.131 2.2) Equipment and instruments PNPI 210 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software Total 3.936 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software Units 1.270 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software P.A. 1.228 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software Higher Education 1.424 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software PNPI 13 1) By origin of the funds: National funds Total 1.280.003 1) By origin of the funds: National funds Units 432.869 1) By origin of the funds: National funds P.A. 510.176 1) By origin of the funds: National funds Higher Education 331.233 1) By origin of the funds: National funds PNPI 5.725 1.1) Own funds Total 460.825 1.1) Own funds Units 319.046 1.1) Own funds P.A. 66.029 1.1) Own funds Higher Education 74.512 1.1) Own funds PNPI 1.238 1.2) From companies Total 113.547 1.2) From companies Units 39.253 1.2) From companies P.A. 47.227 1.2) From companies Higher Education 24.742 1.2) From companies PNPI 2.324 1.3) Public Administration funds Total 675.417 1.3) Public Administration funds Units 70.063 1.3) Public Administration funds P.A. 379.086 1.3) Public Administration funds Higher Education 225.082 1.3) Public Administration funds PNPI 1.185 1.4) From Universities Total 4.236 1.4) From Universities Units 156 1.4) From Universities P.A. 3.197 1.4) From Universities Higher Education 819 1.4) From Universities PNPI 65 1.5) From non profit private institutions Total 25.979 1.5) From non profit private institutions Units 4.351 1.5) From non profit private institutions P.A. 14.637 1.5) From non profit private institutions Higher Education 6.078 1.5) From non profit private institutions PNPI 912 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds Total 170.423 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds Units 100.956 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds P.A. 43.351 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds Higher Education 25.843 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds PNPI 273 2.1) From EU programmes Total 77.465 2.1) From EU programmes Units 20.070 2.1) From EU programmes P.A. 36.920 2.1) From EU programmes Higher Education 20.376 2.1) From EU programmes PNPI 99 2.2) Other foreign funds Total 92.959 2.2) Other foreign funds Units 80.886 2.2) Other foreign funds P.A. 6.431 2.2) Other foreign funds Higher Education 5.467 2.2) Other foreign funds PNPI 174 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) Total 162.538 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) Units 138.625 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) P.A. 23.594 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) Higher Education 278 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) PNPI 41 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain Total 123.047 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain Units 101.114 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain P.A. 21.615 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain Higher Education 278 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain PNPI 41 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad Total 39.491 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad Units 37.512 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad P.A. 1.979 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad Higher Education . Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad PNPI . %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital Total 48 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital Units 46 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital P.A. 59 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital Higher Education 57 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital PNPI 46 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information Total 13 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information Units 13 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information P.A. 16 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information Higher Education 14 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information PNPI 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources Total 17 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources Units 12 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources P.A. 48 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources Higher Education 35 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources PNPI 9 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain Total 16 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain Units 14 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain P.A. 21 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain Higher Education 31 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain PNPI 9 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets Total 21 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets Units 19 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets P.A. 28 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets Higher Education 43 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets PNPI 27 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels Total 21 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels Units 19 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels P.A. 28 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels Higher Education 38 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels PNPI 36 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception Total 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception Units 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception P.A. 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception Higher Education 12 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception PNPI 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements Total 36 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements Units 37 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements P.A. 37 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements Higher Education 26 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements PNPI 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost Total 50 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost Units 49 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost P.A. 50 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost Higher Education 55 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost PNPI 55 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting Total 19 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting Units 19 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting P.A. 21 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting Higher Education 16 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting PNPI 18 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology Total 21 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology Units 15 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology P.A. 45 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology Higher Education 74 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology PNPI . Number of patents requested Total 1.729 Number of patents requested Units 466 Number of patents requested P.A. 685 Number of patents requested Higher Education 578 Number of patents requested PNPI .