Main variables Fields of operation Total Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology Total 1.273 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology Units 1.078 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology P.A. 126 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology Higher Education 59 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology PNPI 10 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code Total 43 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code Units 35 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code P.A. 91 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code Higher Education 93 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code PNPI 60 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units Total 49 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units Units 42 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units P.A. 89 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units Higher Education 98 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units PNPI 60 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering Total 34 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering Units 27 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering P.A. 68 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering Higher Education 90 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering PNPI 70 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses Total 51 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses Units 49 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses P.A. 55 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses Higher Education 92 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses PNPI 30 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms Total 16 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms Units 8 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms P.A. 54 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms Higher Education 73 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms PNPI 40 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing Total 30 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing Units 22 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing P.A. 70 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing Higher Education 85 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing PNPI 20 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology Total 19 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology Units 14 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology P.A. 38 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology Higher Education 76 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology PNPI 10 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other Total 12 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other Units 12 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other P.A. 11 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other Higher Education 12 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other PNPI 10 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive Total 575 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive Units 526 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive P.A. 37 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive Higher Education 3 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive PNPI 9 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business Total 249 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business Units 173 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business P.A. 37 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business Higher Education 39 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business PNPI . Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production Total 449 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production Units 379 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production P.A. 52 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production Higher Education 17 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production PNPI 1 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health Total 54 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health Units 48 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health P.A. 79 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health Higher Education 95 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health PNPI 80 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture Total 21 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture Units 20 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture P.A. 16 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture Higher Education 56 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture PNPI 10 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products Total 34 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products Units 33 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products P.A. 22 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products Higher Education 78 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products PNPI 10 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: Total 26 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: Units 24 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: P.A. 20 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: Higher Education 68 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: PNPI 30 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment Total 18 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment Units 15 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment P.A. 21 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment Higher Education 71 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment PNPI . %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry Total 16 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry Units 14 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry P.A. 13 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry Higher Education 75 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry PNPI . Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) Total 35.523 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) Units 10.191 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) P.A. 12.545 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) Higher Education 12.512 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) PNPI 275 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers Total 22.884 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers Units 5.774 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers P.A. 7.135 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers Higher Education 9.744 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers PNPI 231 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants Total 12.639 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants Units 4.417 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants P.A. 5.410 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants Higher Education 2.768 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants PNPI 44 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women Total 19.474 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women Units 5.525 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women P.A. 7.462 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women Higher Education 6.323 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women PNPI 164 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers Total 11.830 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers Units 3.015 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers P.A. 3.974 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers Higher Education 4.705 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers PNPI 136 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants Total 7.645 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants Units 2.511 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants P.A. 3.488 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants Higher Education 1.618 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants PNPI 28 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) Total 24.279,7 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) Units 7.191,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) P.A. 9.631,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) Higher Education 7.374,2 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) PNPI 82,7 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers Total 15.072,1 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers Units 4.276,6 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers P.A. 5.063,5 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers Higher Education 5.675,1 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers PNPI 56,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants Total 9.207,5 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants Units 2.914,7 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants P.A. 4.567,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants Higher Education 1.699,1 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants PNPI 25,8 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women Total 13.704,2 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women Units 3.985,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women P.A. 5.788,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women Higher Education 3.875,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women PNPI 54 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers Total 8.019,5 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers Units 2.234 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers P.A. 2.874,7 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers Higher Education 2.873,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers PNPI 36,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants Total 5.684,7 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants Units 1.751,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants P.A. 2.914,2 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants Higher Education 1.002 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants PNPI 17,1 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) Total 1.540.444 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) Units 578.171 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) P.A. 578.663 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) Higher Education 378.946 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) PNPI 4.664 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses Total 1.394.144 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses Units 517.601 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses P.A. 535.547 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses Higher Education 336.445 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses PNPI 4.552 1.1) Remuneration to researchers Total 621.703 1.1) Remuneration to researchers Units 213.755 1.1) Remuneration to researchers P.A. 196.017 1.1) Remuneration to researchers Higher Education 210.289 1.1) Remuneration to researchers PNPI 1.642 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants Total 272.048 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants Units 98.440 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants P.A. 127.585 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants Higher Education 45.267 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants PNPI 757 1.3) Other current expenses Total 500.394 1.3) Other current expenses Units 205.406 1.3) Other current expenses P.A. 211.946 1.3) Other current expenses Higher Education 80.890 1.3) Other current expenses PNPI 2.153 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses Total 146.299 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses Units 60.570 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses P.A. 43.117 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses Higher Education 42.501 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses PNPI 111 2.1) Land and buildings Total 38.481 2.1) Land and buildings Units 22.609 2.1) Land and buildings P.A. 4.286 2.1) Land and buildings Higher Education 11.587 2.1) Land and buildings PNPI . 2.2) Equipment and instruments Total 103.079 2.2) Equipment and instruments Units 36.169 2.2) Equipment and instruments P.A. 37.163 2.2) Equipment and instruments Higher Education 29.636 2.2) Equipment and instruments PNPI 111 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software Total 4.739 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software Units 1.793 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software P.A. 1.668 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software Higher Education 1.278 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software PNPI . 1) By origin of the funds: National funds Total 1.367.285 1) By origin of the funds: National funds Units 487.615 1) By origin of the funds: National funds P.A. 535.786 1) By origin of the funds: National funds Higher Education 339.305 1) By origin of the funds: National funds PNPI 4.579 1.1) Own funds Total 475.645 1.1) Own funds Units 330.459 1.1) Own funds P.A. 78.574 1.1) Own funds Higher Education 65.797 1.1) Own funds PNPI 815 1.2) From companies Total 131.856 1.2) From companies Units 45.462 1.2) From companies P.A. 53.216 1.2) From companies Higher Education 31.579 1.2) From companies PNPI 1.600 1.3) Public Administration funds Total 687.638 1.3) Public Administration funds Units 66.189 1.3) Public Administration funds P.A. 385.359 1.3) Public Administration funds Higher Education 234.788 1.3) Public Administration funds PNPI 1.302 1.4) From Universities Total 28.830 1.4) From Universities Units 25.148 1.4) From Universities P.A. 3.221 1.4) From Universities Higher Education 423 1.4) From Universities PNPI 38 1.5) From non profit private institutions Total 43.316 1.5) From non profit private institutions Units 20.357 1.5) From non profit private institutions P.A. 15.416 1.5) From non profit private institutions Higher Education 6.719 1.5) From non profit private institutions PNPI 825 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds Total 173.159 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds Units 90.556 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds P.A. 42.878 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds Higher Education 39.640 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds PNPI 84 2.1) From EU programmes Total 91.809 2.1) From EU programmes Units 20.932 2.1) From EU programmes P.A. 36.730 2.1) From EU programmes Higher Education 34.147 2.1) From EU programmes PNPI . 2.2) Other foreign funds Total 81.350 2.2) Other foreign funds Units 69.624 2.2) Other foreign funds P.A. 6.148 2.2) Other foreign funds Higher Education 5.494 2.2) Other foreign funds PNPI 84 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) Total 197.452 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) Units 166.022 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) P.A. 30.859 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) Higher Education 569 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) PNPI 2 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain Total 125.047 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain Units 97.455 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain P.A. 27.061 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain Higher Education 530 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain PNPI 1 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad Total 72.404 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad Units 68.567 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad P.A. 3.799 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad Higher Education 39 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad PNPI . %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital Total 48 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital Units 46 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital P.A. 60 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital Higher Education 58 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital PNPI 60 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information Total 13 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information Units 13 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information P.A. 11 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information Higher Education 12 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information PNPI 10 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources Total 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources Units 14 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources P.A. 41 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources Higher Education 42 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources PNPI 10 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain Total 16 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain Units 14 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain P.A. 28 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain Higher Education 31 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain PNPI 10 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets Total 20 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets Units 17 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets P.A. 34 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets Higher Education 44 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets PNPI 30 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels Total 20 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels Units 17 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels P.A. 34 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels Higher Education 39 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels PNPI 40 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception Total 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception Units 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception P.A. 14 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception Higher Education 15 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception PNPI 20 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements Total 35 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements Units 35 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements P.A. 38 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements Higher Education 27 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements PNPI 10 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost Total 49 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost Units 49 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost P.A. 47 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost Higher Education 61 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost PNPI 50 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting Total 20 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting Units 21 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting P.A. 20 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting Higher Education 12 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting PNPI 10 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology Total 22 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology Units 15 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology P.A. 51 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology Higher Education 75 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology PNPI . Number of patents requested Total 1.877 Number of patents requested Units 526 Number of patents requested P.A. 756 Number of patents requested Higher Education 595 Number of patents requested PNPI .