Main variables Fields of operation Total Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology Total 1.328 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology Units 1.133 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology P.A. 123 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology Higher Education 64 Units that perform R+D in Biotechnology PNPI 8 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code Total 40 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code Units 32 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code P.A. 90 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code Higher Education 89 %Units according to biotechnology used: Genetic code PNPI 63 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units Total 48 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units Units 41 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units P.A. 87 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units Higher Education 95 %Units according to biotechnology used: Functional units PNPI 25 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering Total 34 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering Units 27 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering P.A. 74 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering Higher Education 84 %Units according to biotechnology used: Cellular and tissue culturing and engineering PNPI 63 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses Total 51 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses Units 48 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses P.A. 56 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses Higher Education 92 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bioprocesses PNPI 50 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms Total 16 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms Units 8 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms P.A. 53 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms Higher Education 72 %Units according to biotechnology used: Sub-cellular organisms PNPI 25 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing Total 29 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing Units 21 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing P.A. 70 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing Higher Education 86 %Units according to biotechnology used: Bio-computing PNPI 25 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology Total 20 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology Units 14 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology P.A. 45 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology Higher Education 73 %Units according to biotechnology used: Nanobiotechnology PNPI 13 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other Total 13 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other Units 13 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other P.A. 11 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other Higher Education 13 %Units according to biotechnology used: Other PNPI 13 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive Total 608 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive Units 564 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive P.A. 36 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive Higher Education 3 Units in which biotechnology activities are: Main and/or exclusive PNPI 5 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business Total 294 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business Units 212 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business P.A. 37 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business Higher Education 43 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A secondary line of business PNPI 2 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production Total 427 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production Units 358 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production P.A. 50 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production Higher Education 18 Units in which biotechnology activities are: A tool necessary for production PNPI 1 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health Total 55 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health Units 50 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health P.A. 77 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health Higher Education 92 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Human health PNPI 75 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture Total 21 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture Units 19 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture P.A. 19 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture Higher Education 59 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Animal Health and Aquaculture PNPI 13 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products Total 31 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products Units 29 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products P.A. 20 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products Higher Education 86 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Food products PNPI 13 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: Total 24 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: Units 21 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: P.A. 20 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: Higher Education 72 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Agriculture and forest production: PNPI 25 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment Total 17 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment Units 13 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment P.A. 23 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment Higher Education 73 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Environment PNPI 25 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry Total 16 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry Units 13 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry P.A. 12 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry Higher Education 70 %Units by field(s) of ultimate application of biotechnology use: Industry PNPI 25 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) Total 35.705 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) Units 10.706 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) P.A. 12.279 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) Higher Education 12.405 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons) PNPI 315 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers Total 23.534 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers Units 6.227 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers P.A. 7.396 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers Higher Education 9.662 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Researchers PNPI 249 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants Total 12.171 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants Units 4.479 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants P.A. 4.883 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants Higher Education 2.743 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): Technicians and assistants PNPI 66 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women Total 19.535 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women Units 5.795 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women P.A. 7.333 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women Higher Education 6.213 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): women PNPI 194 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers Total 12.149 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers Units 3.269 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers P.A. 4.137 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers Higher Education 4.591 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Researchers PNPI 152 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants Total 7.387 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants Units 2.527 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants P.A. 3.196 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants Higher Education 1.622 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (no. of persons): (women) Technicians and assistants PNPI 42 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) Total 24.830,2 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) Units 7.716,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) P.A. 9.470,2 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) Higher Education 7.544,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE) PNPI 99,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers Total 15.765,2 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers Units 4.603,1 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers P.A. 5.358,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers Higher Education 5.744,2 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Researchers PNPI 59 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants Total 9.065 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants Units 3.113,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants P.A. 4.111,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants Higher Education 1.800,1 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): Technicians and assistants PNPI 40,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women Total 14.026,5 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women Units 4.292,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women P.A. 5.768,1 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women Higher Education 3.898,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): women PNPI 67,1 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers Total 8.366,6 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers Units 2.446,4 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers P.A. 3.075,3 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers Higher Education 2.804,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Researchers PNPI 40 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants Total 5.659,9 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants Units 1.846,5 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants P.A. 2.692,8 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants Higher Education 1.093,5 Personnel in R&D in biotechnology (FTE): (women) Technicians and assistants PNPI 27,1 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) Total 1.579.928 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) Units 616.053 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) P.A. 578.188 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) Higher Education 380.311 Internal expenditure on R&D (thousands of euros) PNPI 5.376 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses Total 1.488.894 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses Units 574.245 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses P.A. 551.435 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses Higher Education 358.168 1) By nature of the expense: Current expenses PNPI 5.046 1.1) Remuneration to researchers Total 639.606 1.1) Remuneration to researchers Units 221.741 1.1) Remuneration to researchers P.A. 207.123 1.1) Remuneration to researchers Higher Education 208.812 1.1) Remuneration to researchers PNPI 1.930 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants Total 273.257 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants Units 102.464 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants P.A. 114.013 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants Higher Education 56.002 1.2) Remuneration to technicians and assistants PNPI 779 1.3) Other current expenses Total 576.031 1.3) Other current expenses Units 250.041 1.3) Other current expenses P.A. 230.300 1.3) Other current expenses Higher Education 93.354 1.3) Other current expenses PNPI 2.337 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses Total 91.034 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses Units 41.808 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses P.A. 26.752 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses Higher Education 22.144 2) By nature of the expense: Capital expenses PNPI 330 2.1) Land and buildings Total 15.476 2.1) Land and buildings Units 5.359 2.1) Land and buildings P.A. 4.304 2.1) Land and buildings Higher Education 5.813 2.1) Land and buildings PNPI . 2.2) Equipment and instruments Total 66.410 2.2) Equipment and instruments Units 29.489 2.2) Equipment and instruments P.A. 21.427 2.2) Equipment and instruments Higher Education 15.163 2.2) Equipment and instruments PNPI 330 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software Total 4.363 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software Units 2.306 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software P.A. 956 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software Higher Education 1.102 2.3) Acquisition of specific R+D software PNPI . 2.4) Otros productos de propiedad intelectual específicos para I+D Total 4.785 2.4) Otros productos de propiedad intelectual específicos para I+D Units 4.654 2.4) Otros productos de propiedad intelectual específicos para I+D P.A. 65 2.4) Otros productos de propiedad intelectual específicos para I+D Higher Education 66 2.4) Otros productos de propiedad intelectual específicos para I+D PNPI . 1) By origin of the funds: National funds Total 1.383.507 1) By origin of the funds: National funds Units 511.960 1) By origin of the funds: National funds P.A. 533.002 1) By origin of the funds: National funds Higher Education 333.525 1) By origin of the funds: National funds PNPI 5.020 1.1) Own funds Total 510.526 1.1) Own funds Units 382.335 1.1) Own funds P.A. 66.621 1.1) Own funds Higher Education 60.810 1.1) Own funds PNPI 761 1.2) From companies Total 119.013 1.2) From companies Units 45.024 1.2) From companies P.A. 42.520 1.2) From companies Higher Education 29.798 1.2) From companies PNPI 1.672 1.3) Public Administration funds Total 702.795 1.3) Public Administration funds Units 72.387 1.3) Public Administration funds P.A. 393.166 1.3) Public Administration funds Higher Education 236.358 1.3) Public Administration funds PNPI 884 1.4) From Universities Total 2.790 1.4) From Universities Units 363 1.4) From Universities P.A. 2.018 1.4) From Universities Higher Education 308 1.4) From Universities PNPI 100 1.5) From non profit private institutions Total 48.382 1.5) From non profit private institutions Units 11.851 1.5) From non profit private institutions P.A. 28.676 1.5) From non profit private institutions Higher Education 6.251 1.5) From non profit private institutions PNPI 1.603 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds Total 196.421 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds Units 104.093 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds P.A. 45.186 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds Higher Education 46.786 1) By origin of the funds: Foreign funds PNPI 356 2.1) From EU programmes Total 101.384 2.1) From EU programmes Units 21.825 2.1) From EU programmes P.A. 39.684 2.1) From EU programmes Higher Education 39.875 2.1) From EU programmes PNPI . 2.2) Other foreign funds Total 95.037 2.2) Other foreign funds Units 82.269 2.2) Other foreign funds P.A. 5.501 2.2) Other foreign funds Higher Education 6.911 2.2) Other foreign funds PNPI 356 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) Total 167.608 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) Units 144.342 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) P.A. 20.609 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) Higher Education 2.618 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros) PNPI 38 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain Total 92.199 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain Units 70.458 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain P.A. 19.167 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain Higher Education 2.536 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): in Spain PNPI 38 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad Total 75.409 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad Units 73.885 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad P.A. 1.442 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad Higher Education 82 Purchase of services R & D in Biotechnology to (thousands of euros): Abroad PNPI . %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital Total 49 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital Units 48 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital P.A. 56 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital Higher Education 53 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to capital PNPI 75 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information Total 12 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information Units 13 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information P.A. 7 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information Higher Education 9 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to technology / information PNPI 0 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources Total 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources Units 15 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources P.A. 39 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources Higher Education 36 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Access to human resources PNPI 25 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain Total 15 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain Units 12 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain P.A. 26 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain Higher Education 27 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Disconnection from the value chain PNPI 38 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets Total 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets Units 16 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets P.A. 31 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets Higher Education 41 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of access to international markets PNPI 25 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels Total 19 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels Units 16 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels P.A. 34 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels Higher Education 36 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Lack of distribution and marketing channels PNPI 38 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception Total 15 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception Units 16 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception P.A. 12 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception Higher Education 14 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Acceptance / public perception PNPI 38 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements Total 36 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements Units 36 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements P.A. 35 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements Higher Education 27 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Legal and regulatory requirements PNPI 50 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost Total 49 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost Units 49 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost P.A. 50 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost Higher Education 55 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Time / cost PNPI 50 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting Total 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting Units 18 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting P.A. 20 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting Higher Education 14 %Units that consider the following obstacles as very important considering biotechnology development: Difficulty accessing patenting PNPI 38 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology Total 21 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology Units 16 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology P.A. 45 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology Higher Education 73 %Units that have requested biotechnology patents in Biotechnology PNPI . Number of patents requested Total 1.809 Number of patents requested Units 633 Number of patents requested P.A. 690 Number of patents requested Higher Education 486 Number of patents requested PNPI .