OECD countries	Resources allocated to R+D	period	Total
Australia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Australia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.80
Australia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	..
Australia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.79
Australia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	..
Australia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Australia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	..
Australia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	..
Australia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	..
Australia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	..
Australia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Australia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
Australia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Australia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	..
Australia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Australia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Australia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
Australia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Australia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	..
Australia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Austria	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3.20
Austria	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3.13
Austria	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3.09
Austria	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3.06
Austria	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3.12
Austria	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	18.3
Austria	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	18.4
Austria	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	17.9
Austria	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	17.2
Austria	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	17.3
Austria	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Austria	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	93,179
Austria	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Austria	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	83,648
Austria	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Austria	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Austria	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	30.4
Austria	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Austria	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	30.1
Austria	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Belgium	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3.48
Belgium	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3.16
Belgium	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.86
Belgium	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.67
Belgium	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.52
Belgium	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	21.0
Belgium	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	19.1
Belgium	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	18.4
Belgium	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	17.4
Belgium	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	16.9
Belgium	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Belgium	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	91,757
Belgium	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Belgium	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	78,867
Belgium	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Belgium	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Belgium	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	32.6
Belgium	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Belgium	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	34.8
Belgium	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Canada	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.70
Canada	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.59
Canada	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.68
Canada	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.69
Canada	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.73
Canada	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Canada	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	..
Canada	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	12.5
Canada	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	12.3
Canada	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	12.4
Canada	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Canada	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
Canada	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Canada	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	..
Canada	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Canada	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Canada	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
Canada	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Canada	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	..
Canada	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Chile	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Chile	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0.34
Chile	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0.37
Chile	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.36
Chile	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.37
Chile	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Chile	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	1.9
Chile	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	2.0
Chile	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	2.0
Chile	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	2.0
Chile	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Chile	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	15,438
Chile	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	15,467
Chile	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	14,392
Chile	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	14,181
Chile	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Chile	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	34.8
Chile	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	32.4
Chile	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	34.4
Chile	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	33.1
Colombia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0.29
Colombia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0.32
Colombia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0.31
Colombia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.26
Colombia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.27
Colombia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Colombia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	..
Colombia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	..
Colombia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	..
Colombia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	..
Colombia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Colombia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
Colombia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Colombia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	..
Colombia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Colombia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Colombia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
Colombia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Colombia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	..
Colombia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Czech Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.99
Czech Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.93
Czech Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.90
Czech Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.77
Czech Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.67
Czech Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	15.2
Czech Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	14.6
Czech Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	13.8
Czech Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	13.0
Czech Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	12.5
Czech Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	65,193
Czech Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	63,690
Czech Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	61,966
Czech Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	59,789
Czech Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	56,178
Czech Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	27.6
Czech Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	27.2
Czech Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	26.6
Czech Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	26.8
Czech Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	26.7
Danemark	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.96
Danemark	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.89
Danemark	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.97
Danemark	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.93
Danemark	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3.09
Danemark	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	20.8
Danemark	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	20.7
Danemark	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	20.2
Danemark	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	20.6
Danemark	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	21.9
Danemark	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	61,481
Danemark	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	61,573
Danemark	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	60,389
Danemark	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	60,085
Danemark	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	60,782
Danemark	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Danemark	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	35.3
Danemark	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Danemark	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	35.7
Danemark	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Estonia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.79
Estonia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.63
Estonia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.42
Estonia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.28
Estonia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.24
Estonia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	10.2
Estonia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	9.9
Estonia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	9.5
Estonia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	9.4
Estonia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	9.2
Estonia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Estonia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	7,734
Estonia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	7,281
Estonia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	7,344
Estonia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	6,845
Estonia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Estonia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	42.4
Estonia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	43.9
Estonia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	42.2
Estonia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	43.6
Finland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.91
Finland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.80
Finland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.76
Finland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.73
Finland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.72
Finland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	20.4
Finland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	19.3
Finland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	19.0
Finland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	19.1
Finland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	18.7
Finland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Finland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	58,291
Finland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	55,415
Finland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	54,139
Finland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	53,752
Finland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Finland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	33.7
Finland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	33.7
Finland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	33.2
Finland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	32.5
France	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.35
France	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.19
France	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.20
France	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.20
France	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.22
France	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	16.7
France	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	16.2
France	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	16.1
France	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	15.9
France	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	15.7
France	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
France	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
France	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	429,959
France	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	416,217
France	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	396,594
France	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
France	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
France	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
France	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	28.3
France	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	28.0
Germany	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3.14
Germany	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3.17
Germany	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3.11
Germany	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3.05
Germany	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.94
Germany	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	16.4
Germany	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	16.3
Germany	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	15.8
Germany	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	15.5
Germany	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	15.1
Germany	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Germany	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	667,394
Germany	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Germany	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	623,125
Germany	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Germany	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Germany	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	28.1
Germany	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Germany	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	27.9
Germany	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Greece	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.50
Greece	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.28
Greece	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.21
Greece	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.15
Greece	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.01
Greece	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	12.7
Greece	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	11.8
Greece	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	11.4
Greece	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	10.7
Greece	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	9.4
Greece	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Greece	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	66,451
Greece	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Greece	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	61,616
Greece	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Greece	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Greece	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	39.0
Greece	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Greece	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	37.8
Greece	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Hungary	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.61
Hungary	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.48
Hungary	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.51
Hungary	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.32
Hungary	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.18
Hungary	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	12.8
Hungary	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	12.1
Hungary	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	11.7
Hungary	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	8.9
Hungary	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	8.0
Hungary	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Hungary	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	58,091
Hungary	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	54,970
Hungary	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	42,729
Hungary	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	38,915
Hungary	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Hungary	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	30.0
Hungary	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	28.0
Hungary	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	30.5
Hungary	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	30.8
Iceland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.47
Iceland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.32
Iceland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.00
Iceland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.08
Iceland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.11
Iceland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Iceland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	..
Iceland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	..
Iceland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	16.1
Iceland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	..
Iceland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Iceland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
Iceland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Iceland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	3,783
Iceland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Iceland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Iceland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
Iceland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Iceland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	46.4
Iceland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Ireland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.23
Ireland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.23
Ireland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.17
Ireland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.26
Ireland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.18
Ireland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	14.7
Ireland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	14.1
Ireland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	14.2
Ireland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	15.8
Ireland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	16.5
Ireland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Ireland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	37,003
Ireland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Ireland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	34,721
Ireland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Ireland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Ireland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	38.1
Ireland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Ireland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	36.3
Ireland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Israel	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	5.44
Israel	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	5.14
Israel	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	4.80
Israel	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	4.66
Israel	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	4.51
Israel	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Israel	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	..
Israel	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	..
Israel	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	..
Israel	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	..
Israel	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Israel	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
Israel	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Israel	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	..
Israel	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Israel	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Israel	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
Israel	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Israel	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	..
Israel	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Italy	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.53
Italy	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.46
Italy	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.42
Italy	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.37
Italy	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.37
Italy	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	14.0
Italy	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	14.0
Italy	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	13.6
Italy	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	12.6
Italy	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	11.7
Italy	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Italy	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	222,165
Italy	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	210,419
Italy	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	195,560
Italy	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	185,916
Italy	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Italy	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	34.2
Italy	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	33.8
Italy	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	34.3
Italy	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	35.2
Japan	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3.27
Japan	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3.21
Japan	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3.22
Japan	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3.17
Japan	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3.11
Japan	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	13.3
Japan	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	13.0
Japan	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	13.1
Japan	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	13.2
Japan	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	13.0
Japan	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	951,726
Japan	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	942,180
Japan	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	935,658
Japan	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	930,720
Japan	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	917,725
Japan	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	17.5
Japan	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	16.9
Japan	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	16.6
Japan	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	16.2
Japan	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	15.7
Korea	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	4.81
Korea	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	4.63
Korea	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	4.52
Korea	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	4.29
Korea	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3.99
Korea	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	20.3
Korea	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	19.4
Korea	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	18.7
Korea	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	17.6
Korea	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	16.9
Korea	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	558,045
Korea	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	538,136
Korea	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	514,170
Korea	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	482,796
Korea	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	460,769
Korea	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	21.4
Korea	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	21.0
Korea	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	20.4
Korea	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	20.1
Korea	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	19.7
Latvia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0.71
Latvia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0.64
Latvia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0.64
Latvia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.51
Latvia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.44
Latvia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	7.5
Latvia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	6.6
Latvia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	6.4
Latvia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	6.1
Latvia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	5.8
Latvia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Latvia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	7,724
Latvia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	7,439
Latvia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	7,504
Latvia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	7,400
Latvia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Latvia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	50.6
Latvia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	50.7
Latvia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	52.2
Latvia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	52.2
Lithuania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.16
Lithuania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0.99
Lithuania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0.94
Lithuania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.90
Lithuania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.84
Lithuania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	10.5
Lithuania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	9.4
Lithuania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	8.7
Lithuania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	8.5
Lithuania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	8.0
Lithuania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Lithuania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	18,811
Lithuania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	19,198
Lithuania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	18,767
Lithuania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	17,746
Lithuania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Lithuania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	49.1
Lithuania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	49.0
Lithuania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	49.5
Lithuania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	51.6
Luxembourg	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.13
Luxembourg	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.18
Luxembourg	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.17
Luxembourg	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.24
Luxembourg	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.27
Luxembourg	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	12.0
Luxembourg	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	12.5
Luxembourg	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	12.2
Luxembourg	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	12.8
Luxembourg	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	12.9
Luxembourg	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Luxembourg	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	3,722
Luxembourg	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Luxembourg	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	3,540
Luxembourg	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Luxembourg	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Luxembourg	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	27.4
Luxembourg	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Luxembourg	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	28.1
Luxembourg	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Mexico	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0.30
Mexico	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0.28
Mexico	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0.31
Mexico	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.33
Mexico	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.39
Mexico	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	1.9
Mexico	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	1.7
Mexico	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	1.6
Mexico	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	1.7
Mexico	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	1.7
Mexico	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	62,356
Mexico	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	58,013
Mexico	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	54,539
Mexico	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	54,578
Mexico	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	54,357
Mexico	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	32.3
Mexico	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	32.8
Mexico	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	33.2
Mexico	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	33.5
Mexico	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	33.7
The Netherlands	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.29
The Netherlands	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.18
The Netherlands	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.14
The Netherlands	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.18
The Netherlands	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.15
The Netherlands	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	16.9
The Netherlands	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	16.7
The Netherlands	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	16.7
The Netherlands	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	16.4
The Netherlands	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	16.2
The Netherlands	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
The Netherlands	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	136,034
The Netherlands	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	130,153
The Netherlands	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	124,834
The Netherlands	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	124,568
The Netherlands	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
The Netherlands	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	27.9
The Netherlands	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	27.0
The Netherlands	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	26.1
The Netherlands	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	26.1
New Zealand	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
New Zealand	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.41
New Zealand	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	..
New Zealand	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.35
New Zealand	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	..
New Zealand	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
New Zealand	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	14.8
New Zealand	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	..
New Zealand	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	13.4
New Zealand	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	..
New Zealand	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
New Zealand	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	44,000
New Zealand	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
New Zealand	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	40,000
New Zealand	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
New Zealand	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
New Zealand	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
New Zealand	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
New Zealand	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	..
New Zealand	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Norway	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.28
Norway	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.16
Norway	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.05
Norway	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.10
Norway	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.04
Norway	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	17.5
Norway	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	17.2
Norway	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	16.7
Norway	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	16.8
Norway	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	16.2
Norway	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Norway	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	61,657
Norway	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	59,629
Norway	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	57,934
Norway	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	54,601
Norway	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Norway	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	38.6
Norway	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	38.8
Norway	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	38.1
Norway	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	37.6
Poland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.39
Poland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.32
Poland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.21
Poland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.03
Poland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.96
Poland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	10.6
Poland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	10.0
Poland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	9.9
Poland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	8.8
Poland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	6.9
Poland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Poland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	194,607
Poland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	192,833
Poland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	187,905
Poland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	132,547
Poland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Poland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	37.6
Poland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	37.9
Poland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	38.1
Poland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	36.4
Portugal	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.62
Portugal	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.40
Portugal	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.35
Portugal	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.32
Portugal	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.28
Portugal	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	13.6
Portugal	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	12.4
Portugal	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	11.8
Portugal	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	11.5
Portugal	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	10.8
Portugal	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	104,681
Portugal	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	100,823
Portugal	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	96,123
Portugal	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	89,659
Portugal	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	85,780
Portugal	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	42.5
Portugal	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	42.8
Portugal	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	43.3
Portugal	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	43.7
Portugal	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	43.5
Slovak Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0.91
Slovak Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0.83
Slovak Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0.84
Slovak Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.89
Slovak Republic	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.79
Slovak Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	9.3
Slovak Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	8.7
Slovak Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	8.4
Slovak Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	8.0
Slovak Republic	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	7.7
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	28,696
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	28,851
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	28,755
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	26,861
Slovak Republic	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	26,720
Slovak Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	41.1
Slovak Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	41.0
Slovak Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	41.2
Slovak Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	41.9
Slovak Republic	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	41.4
Slovenia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.15
Slovenia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.05
Slovenia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.95
Slovenia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.87
Slovenia	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.01
Slovenia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	15.2
Slovenia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	16.2
Slovenia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	15.4
Slovenia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	14.9
Slovenia	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	15.0
Slovenia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Slovenia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	15,925
Slovenia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	15,388
Slovenia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	14,079
Slovenia	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	11,282
Slovenia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Slovenia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	33.3
Slovenia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	32.5
Slovenia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	32.3
Slovenia	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	34.5
Spain	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.41
Spain	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.25
Spain	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.24
Spain	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.21
Spain	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.19
Spain	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	11.9
Spain	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	11.4
Spain	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	11.4
Spain	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	11.1
Spain	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	10.9
Spain	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Spain	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	241,372
Spain	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	234,798
Spain	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	225,995
Spain	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	218,680
Spain	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Spain	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	41.3
Spain	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	40.8
Spain	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	40.5
Spain	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	40.2
Sweden	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3.53
Sweden	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3.39
Sweden	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3.32
Sweden	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3.36
Sweden	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3.25
Sweden	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	18.9
Sweden	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	18.0
Sweden	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	18.0
Sweden	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	17.7
Sweden	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	18.5
Sweden	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Sweden	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	111,179
Sweden	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Sweden	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	107,042
Sweden	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Sweden	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Sweden	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	33.3
Sweden	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Sweden	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	32.6
Sweden	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Swizterland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Swizterland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3.15
Swizterland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	..
Swizterland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3.03
Swizterland	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	..
Swizterland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Swizterland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	16.9
Swizterland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	..
Swizterland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	15.8
Swizterland	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	..
Swizterland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Swizterland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	77,492
Swizterland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Swizterland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	71,657
Swizterland	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Swizterland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Swizterland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	35.8
Swizterland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Swizterland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	35.2
Swizterland	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Turkey	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.09
Turkey	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.06
Turkey	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.03
Turkey	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.95
Turkey	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.94
Turkey	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	7.5
Turkey	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	6.6
Turkey	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	6.0
Turkey	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	5.5
Turkey	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	5.1
Turkey	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	257,930
Turkey	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	243,773
Turkey	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	230,030
Turkey	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	210,769
Turkey	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	191,769
Turkey	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	36.7
Turkey	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	37.0
Turkey	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	36.8
Turkey	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	37.0
Turkey	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	36.7
United Kingdom	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
United Kingdom	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.71
United Kingdom	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.70
United Kingdom	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.66
United Kingdom	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.64
United Kingdom	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
United Kingdom	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	14.5
United Kingdom	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	14.3
United Kingdom	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	13.8
United Kingdom	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	13.1
United Kingdom	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
United Kingdom	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	548,498
United Kingdom	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	535,477
United Kingdom	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	520,936
United Kingdom	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	510,980
United Kingdom	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
United Kingdom	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	39.0
United Kingdom	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	38.6
United Kingdom	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	38.7
United Kingdom	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	38.7
United States	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3.45
United States	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3.18
United States	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3.01
United States	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.91
United States	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.85
United States	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
United States	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	..
United States	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	..
United States	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	..
United States	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	..
United States	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
United States	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
United States	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
United States	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	..
United States	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
United States	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
United States	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
United States	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
United States	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	..
United States	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Total	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.68
Total	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.51
Total	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.44
Total	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.37
Total	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.33
Total	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Total	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	..
Total	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	..
Total	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	..
Total	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	..
Total	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Total	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
Total	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
Total	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	..
Total	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
Total	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Total	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
Total	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
Total	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	..
Total	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.20
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.11
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.07
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.03
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.99
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	14.4
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	14.0
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	13.7
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	13.2
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	12.7
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020)	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Argentina	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Argentina	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0.46
Argentina	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0.50
Argentina	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.56
Argentina	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.53
Argentina	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Argentina	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	4.5
Argentina	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	4.5
Argentina	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	4.4
Argentina	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	4.5
Argentina	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Argentina	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	90,747
Argentina	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	88,872
Argentina	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	84,284
Argentina	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	86,562
Argentina	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Argentina	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	53.0
Argentina	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	53.3
Argentina	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	53.8
Argentina	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	53.0
China	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	2.40
China	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	2.23
China	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	2.14
China	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	2.12
China	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.10
China	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	7.0
China	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	6.4
China	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	5.8
China	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	5.3
China	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	5.1
China	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
China	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
China	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
China	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	..
China	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	..
China	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
China	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
China	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
China	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	..
China	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	..
Romania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	0.47
Romania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	0.48
Romania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0.50
Romania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.50
Romania	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.48
Romania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	3.9
Romania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	3.7
Romania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	3.7
Romania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	3.8
Romania	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	3.8
Romania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Romania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	27,168
Romania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	27,471
Romania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	27,367
Romania	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	27,801
Romania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Romania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	46.9
Romania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	46.2
Romania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	46.7
Romania	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	45.8
Russian Federation	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	1.10
Russian Federation	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.04
Russian Federation	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	0.99
Russian Federation	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.11
Russian Federation	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	1.10
Russian Federation	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	10.6
Russian Federation	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	10.5
Russian Federation	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	10.5
Russian Federation	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	10.8
Russian Federation	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	11.1
Russian Federation	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	346,497
Russian Federation	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	348,221
Russian Federation	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	347,854
Russian Federation	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	359,793
Russian Federation	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	370,379
Russian Federation	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	38.8
Russian Federation	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	39.1
Russian Federation	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	39.2
Russian Federation	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	39.5
Russian Federation	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	40.0
Singapore	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
Singapore	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	1.89
Singapore	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	1.81
Singapore	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	1.90
Singapore	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	2.07
Singapore	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
Singapore	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	12.8
Singapore	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	12.1
Singapore	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	12.1
Singapore	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	12.3
Singapore	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
Singapore	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	46,125
Singapore	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	43,329
Singapore	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	42,838
Singapore	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	43,177
Singapore	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
Singapore	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	30.8
Singapore	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	30.8
Singapore	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	30.7
Singapore	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	30.7
South Africa	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	..
South Africa	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	..
South Africa	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	..
South Africa	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	0.83
South Africa	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	0.82
South Africa	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	..
South Africa	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	..
South Africa	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	..
South Africa	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	2.7
South Africa	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	2.7
South Africa	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	..
South Africa	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	..
South Africa	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	..
South Africa	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	61,840
South Africa	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	56,761
South Africa	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	..
South Africa	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	..
South Africa	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	..
South Africa	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	44.9
South Africa	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	45.1
Chinese Taipei	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2020	3.64
Chinese Taipei	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2019	3.49
Chinese Taipei	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2018	3.35
Chinese Taipei	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2017	3.19
Chinese Taipei	Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices	2016	3.09
Chinese Taipei	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2020	24.3
Chinese Taipei	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2019	23.6
Chinese Taipei	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2018	22.9
Chinese Taipei	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2017	22.5
Chinese Taipei	Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed	2016	22.2
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (physical persons)	2020	203,970
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (physical persons)	2019	199,144
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (physical persons)	2018	193,035
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (physical persons)	2017	187,971
Chinese Taipei	Total researchers (physical persons)	2016	184,898
Chinese Taipei	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2020	22.9
Chinese Taipei	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2019	22.7
Chinese Taipei	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2018	22.6
Chinese Taipei	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2017	22.6
Chinese Taipei	Percentage of women among total number of researchers	2016	22.3