Sector of performance years Total GDPpm 2021(A) 1.206.842 (R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total 2021(A) 1,43 (R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government 2021(A) 0,24 (R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education 2021(A) 0,38 (R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP 2021(A) 0,81