Leading indicators Type of government Total Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Central Government: OPIS 17.195 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 6.176 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Regional and local Government 34.943 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Other centres 5.610 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Total Government 63.924 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Central Government: OPIS 8.109 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 3.707 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Regional and local Government 23.040 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Other centres 3.081 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Total Government 37.937 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Central Government: OPIS 6.447 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.890 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Regional and local Government 7.564 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Other centres 1.863 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Total Government 17.764 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Central Government: OPIS 2.639 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 579 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Regional and local Government 4.339 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Other centres 666 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Total Government 8.223 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 8.322 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 3.076 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Regional and local Government 21.339 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Other centres 3.376 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Total Government 36.113 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Central Government: OPIS 3.449 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.877 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Regional and local Government 13.771 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Other centres 1.678 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Total Government 20.775 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Central Government: OPIS 3.475 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 888 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Regional and local Government 5.066 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Other centres 1.246 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Total Government 10.675 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Central Government: OPIS 1.398 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 311 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Regional and local Government 2.502 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Other centres 452 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Total Government 4.663 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Central Government: OPIS 16.959,7 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 4.302,2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Regional and local Government 18.371,9 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Other centres 4.513,4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Total Government 44.147,2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Central Government: OPIS 8.104,8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2.546,8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Regional and local Government 10.311,2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Other centres 2.455,2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Total Government 23.418 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Central Government: OPIS 6.223,4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.426,4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Regional and local Government 4.802,8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Other centres 1.503,1 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Total Government 13.955,7 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Central Government: OPIS 2.631,5 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 329 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Regional and local Government 3.257,9 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Other centres 555,1 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Total Government 6.773,5 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 8.181 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2.122,6 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Regional and local Government 10.803,9 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Other centres 2.738,3 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Total Government 23.845,8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Central Government: OPIS 3.447,4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.266,3 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Regional and local Government 5.780,6 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Other centres 1.342,2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Total Government 11.836,5 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Central Government: OPIS 3.341,2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 668,4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Regional and local Government 3.231 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Other centres 1.011,3 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Total Government 8.251,9 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Central Government: OPIS 1.392,4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 187,9 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Regional and local Government 1.792,3 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Other centres 384,8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Total Government 3.757,4 By qualification (HC): Total Central Government: OPIS 17.195 By qualification (HC): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 6.176 By qualification (HC): Total Regional and local Government 34.943 By qualification (HC): Total Other centres 5.610 By qualification (HC): Total Total Government 63.924 By qualification (HC): University PhD Central Government: OPIS 5.382 By qualification (HC): University PhD Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.490 By qualification (HC): University PhD Regional and local Government 8.226 By qualification (HC): University PhD Other centres 1.558 By qualification (HC): University PhD Total Government 16.656 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 6.807 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 3.225 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Regional and local Government 17.735 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Other centres 2.745 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Total Government 30.512 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 801 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 558 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Regional and local Government 4.323 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Other centres 686 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Total Government 6.368 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 1.576 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 646 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Regional and local Government 2.534 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Other centres 489 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Total Government 5.245 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: OPIS 1.153 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 213 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Regional and local Government 1.574 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Other centres 99 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Total Government 3.039 By qualification (HC): Other studies Central Government: OPIS 1.476 By qualification (HC): Other studies Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 44 By qualification (HC): Other studies Regional and local Government 551 By qualification (HC): Other studies Other centres 33 By qualification (HC): Other studies Total Government 2.104 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 8.322 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 3.076 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Regional and local Government 21.339 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Other centres 3.376 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Total Government 36.113 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Central Government: OPIS 2.268 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 785 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Regional and local Government 4.165 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Other centres 712 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Total Government 7.930 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 3.548 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.558 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Regional and local Government 11.354 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Other centres 1.758 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Total Government 18.218 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 365 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 268 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Regional and local Government 3.107 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Other centres 469 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Total Government 4.209 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 914 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 320 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Regional and local Government 1.694 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Other centres 363 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Total Government 3.291 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: OPIS 485 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 121 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Regional and local Government 834 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Other centres 58 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Total Government 1.498 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Central Government: OPIS 742 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 24 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Regional and local Government 185 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Other centres 16 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Total Government 967 By qualification (FTE): Total Central Government: OPIS 16.959,7 By qualification (FTE): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 4.302,2 By qualification (FTE): Total Regional and local Government 18.371,9 By qualification (FTE): Total Other centres 4.513,4 By qualification (FTE): Total Total Government 44.147,2 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Central Government: OPIS 5.373,7 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.137,8 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Regional and local Government 4.678,3 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Other centres 1.259,6 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Total Government 12.449,4 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 6.602,4 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2.159,2 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Regional and local Government 8.212,7 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Other centres 2.226,4 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Total Government 19.200,7 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 796,7 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 410,4 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Regional and local Government 2.020,6 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Other centres 511,9 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Total Government 3.739,6 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 1.562,4 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 435,7 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Regional and local Government 1.802,3 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Other centres 423,4 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Total Government 4.223,8 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: OPIS 1.150,6 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 126,9 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Regional and local Government 1.177,6 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Other centres 74,4 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Total Government 2.529,5 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Central Government: OPIS 1.473,9 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 32,2 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Regional and local Government 480,4 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Other centres 17,7 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Total Government 2.004,2 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Central Government: OPIS 17.195 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 6.176 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Regional and local Government 34.943 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Other centres 5.610 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Total Government 63.924 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Central Government: OPIS 4.857 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.943 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Regional and local Government 3.880 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Other centres 1.601 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Total Government 12.281 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Central Government: OPIS 5.330 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.273 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Regional and local Government 1.856 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Other centres 435 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Total Government 8.894 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Central Government: OPIS 3.503 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.993 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Regional and local Government 22.788 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Other centres 3.188 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Total Government 31.472 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Central Government: OPIS 2.127 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 21 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Regional and local Government 4.214 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Other centres 29 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Total Government 6.391 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Central Government: OPIS 713 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 869 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Regional and local Government 1.709 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Other centres 123 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Total Government 3.414 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Central Government: OPIS 665 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 77 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Regional and local Government 496 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Other centres 234 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Total Government 1.472 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 8.322 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 3.076 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Regional and local Government 21.339 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Other centres 3.376 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Total Government 36.113 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Central Government: OPIS 1.997 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 753 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Regional and local Government 2.260 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Other centres 786 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Total Government 5.796 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Central Government: OPIS 2.309 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 440 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Regional and local Government 706 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Other centres 163 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Total Government 3.618 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Central Government: OPIS 2.108 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1.363 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Regional and local Government 14.996 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Other centres 2.215 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Total Government 20.682 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Central Government: OPIS 1.129 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 13 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Regional and local Government 2.034 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Other centres 19 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Total Government 3.195 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Central Government: OPIS 344 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 466 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Regional and local Government 1.059 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Other centres 72 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Total Government 1.941 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Central Government: OPIS 435 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 41 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Regional and local Government 284 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Other centres 121 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Total Government 881 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 181 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Regional and local Government 339 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Other centres 22 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Total Government 542 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 107 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Regional and local Government 223 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Other centres 14 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Total Government 344 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 66 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Regional and local Government 164 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Other centres 10 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Total Government 240 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 39 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Regional and local Government 101 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Other centres 6 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Total Government 146 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 140,3 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Regional and local Government 198,7 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Other centres 16,1 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Total Government 355,1 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 79,3 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Regional and local Government 129,7 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Other centres 11,1 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Total Government 220,1 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 47,2 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Regional and local Government 105,1 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Other centres 7,3 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Total Government 159,6 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 28 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Regional and local Government 63,6 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Other centres 5,3 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Total Government 96,9