Reference years	Sectors of performance	Total
2023 (A)	GDPpm	1,498,324
2023 (A)	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1.49
2023 (A)	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	0.27
2023 (A)	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	0.38
2023 (A)	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	0.85
2022 (P)	GDPpm	1,373,629
2022 (P)	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1.41
2022 (P)	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	0.24
2022 (P)	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	0.37
2022 (P)	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	0.80
2021	GDPpm	1,235,474
2021	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Total	1.40
2021	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Government	0.24
2021	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Higher education	0.37
2021	(R&D expenditure/GDP)*100: Enterprises and PNP	0.79