Leading Indicators Type of government Total Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Central Government: OPIS 20,099 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 7,140 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Regional and local Government 36,119 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Other centres 6,923 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Total Total Government 70,281 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Central Government: OPIS 9,124 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 4,247 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Regional and local Government 22,584 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Other centres 4,439 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Researchers Total Government 40,394 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Central Government: OPIS 8,302 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2,449 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Regional and local Government 8,970 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Other centres 1,905 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Technicians Total Government 21,626 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Central Government: OPIS 2,673 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 444 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Regional and local Government 4,565 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Other centres 579 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Other supporting staff Total Government 8,261 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 9,874 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 3,612 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Regional and local Government 22,315 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Other centres 4,107 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Total Total Government 39,908 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Central Government: OPIS 3,922 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2,130 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Regional and local Government 13,571 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Other centres 2,432 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Researchers Total Government 22,055 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Central Government: OPIS 4,591 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1,241 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Regional and local Government 6,096 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Other centres 1,266 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Technicians Total Government 13,194 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Central Government: OPIS 1,361 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 241 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Regional and local Government 2,648 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Other centres 409 Personnel intramural R&D (HC) Women: Other supporting staff Total Government 4,659 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Central Government: OPIS 19,888.3 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 4,805.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Regional and local Government 20,700.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Other centres 6,001.4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Total Total Government 51,396.3 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Central Government: OPIS 9,120.0 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2,804.0 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Regional and local Government 11,116.2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Other centres 3,856.6 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Researchers Total Government 26,896.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Central Government: OPIS 8,106.5 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1,717.4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Regional and local Government 5,834.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Other centres 1,643.6 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Technicians Total Government 17,302.3 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Central Government: OPIS 2,661.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 284.4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Regional and local Government 3,749.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Other centres 501.2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Other supporting staff Total Government 7,197.2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 9,748.5 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2,517.1 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Regional and local Government 12,351.9 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Other centres 3,574.2 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Total Total Government 28,191.7 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Central Government: OPIS 3,919.6 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1,490.1 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Regional and local Government 6,295.4 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Other centres 2,094.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Researchers Total Government 13,799.9 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Central Government: OPIS 4,474.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 884.9 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Regional and local Government 3,924.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Other centres 1,123.3 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Technicians Total Government 10,407.8 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Central Government: OPIS 1,354.1 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 142.1 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Regional and local Government 2,131.7 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Other centres 356.1 Personnel intramural R&D (FTE) Women: Other supporting staff Total Government 3,984.0 By qualification (HC): Total Central Government: OPIS 20,099 By qualification (HC): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 7,140 By qualification (HC): Total Regional and local Government 36,119 By qualification (HC): Total Other centres 6,923 By qualification (HC): Total Total Government 70,281 By qualification (HC): University PhD Central Government: OPIS 6,164 By qualification (HC): University PhD Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1,782 By qualification (HC): University PhD Regional and local Government 9,545 By qualification (HC): University PhD Other centres 1,676 By qualification (HC): University PhD Total Government 19,167 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 8,539 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 4,061 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Regional and local Government 16,701 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Other centres 3,265 By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Total Government 32,566 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 807 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 567 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Regional and local Government 5,197 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Other centres 1,063 By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Total Government 7,634 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 1,724 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 530 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Regional and local Government 3,090 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Other centres 765 By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Total Government 6,109 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: OPIS 1,284 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 179 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Regional and local Government 1,011 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Other centres 132 By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Total Government 2,606 By qualification (HC): Other studies Central Government: OPIS 1,581 By qualification (HC): Other studies Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 21 By qualification (HC): Other studies Regional and local Government 575 By qualification (HC): Other studies Other centres 22 By qualification (HC): Other studies Total Government 2,199 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 9,874 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 3,612 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Regional and local Government 22,315 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Other centres 4,107 By qualification (HC): Women: Total Total Government 39,908 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Central Government: OPIS 2,592 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 872 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Regional and local Government 5,077 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Other centres 852 By qualification (HC): Women: University PhD Total Government 9,393 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 4,557 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2,016 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Regional and local Government 10,869 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Other centres 1,957 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Total Government 19,399 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 367 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 308 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Regional and local Government 3,641 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Other centres 720 By qualification (HC): Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Total Government 5,036 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 957 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 304 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Regional and local Government 1,966 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Other centres 482 By qualification (HC): Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Total Government 3,709 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: OPIS 639 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 101 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Regional and local Government 571 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Other centres 85 By qualification (HC): Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Total Government 1,396 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Central Government: OPIS 762 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 11 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Regional and local Government 191 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Other centres 11 By qualification (HC): Women: Other studies Total Government 975 By qualification (FTE): Total Central Government: OPIS 19,888.3 By qualification (FTE): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 4,805.8 By qualification (FTE): Total Regional and local Government 20,700.8 By qualification (FTE): Total Other centres 6,001.4 By qualification (FTE): Total Total Government 51,396.3 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Central Government: OPIS 6,159.2 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1,364.4 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Regional and local Government 5,642.9 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Other centres 1,475.9 By qualification (FTE): University PhD Total Government 14,642.4 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 8,377.4 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2,600.7 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Regional and local Government 8,527.6 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Other centres 2,943.7 By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents Total Government 22,449.4 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 804.2 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 343.1 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Regional and local Government 2,809.2 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Other centres 885.6 By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents Total Government 4,842.1 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: OPIS 1,704.9 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 378.6 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Regional and local Government 2,553.2 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Other centres 588.3 By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents Total Government 5,225.0 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: OPIS 1,271.4 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 104.6 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Regional and local Government 663.5 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Other centres 92.7 By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar Total Government 2,132.2 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Central Government: OPIS 1,571.2 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 14.4 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Regional and local Government 504.4 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Other centres 15.2 By qualification (FTE): Other studies Total Government 2,105.2 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Central Government: OPIS 20,099 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 7,140 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Regional and local Government 36,119 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Other centres 6,923 By scientific discipline (HC): Total Total Government 70,281 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Central Government: OPIS 6,021 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2,232 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Regional and local Government 4,930 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Other centres 1,225 By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences Total Government 14,408 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Central Government: OPIS 6,090 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1,026 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Regional and local Government 1,899 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Other centres 816 By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology Total Government 9,831 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Central Government: OPIS 3,771 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 2,709 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Regional and local Government 22,226 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Other centres 4,469 By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences Total Government 33,175 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Central Government: OPIS 2,562 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 14 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Regional and local Government 4,559 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Other centres 47 By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences Total Government 7,182 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Central Government: OPIS 815 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1,067 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Regional and local Government 1,866 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Other centres 233 By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences Total Government 3,981 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Central Government: OPIS 840 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 92 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Regional and local Government 639 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Other centres 133 By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts Total Government 1,704 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 9,874 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 3,612 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Regional and local Government 22,315 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Other centres 4,107 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Total Total Government 39,908 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Central Government: OPIS 2,575 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 840 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Regional and local Government 2,928 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Other centres 705 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Exact and natural sciences Total Government 7,048 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Central Government: OPIS 2,668 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 388 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Regional and local Government 686 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Other centres 311 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Engineering and technology Total Government 4,053 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Central Government: OPIS 2,287 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 1,791 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Regional and local Government 15,034 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Other centres 2,850 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Medical Sciences Total Government 21,962 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Central Government: OPIS 1,407 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 10 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Regional and local Government 2,212 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Other centres 24 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences Total Government 3,653 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Central Government: OPIS 405 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 540 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Regional and local Government 1,138 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Other centres 137 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Social Sciences Total Government 2,220 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Central Government: OPIS 532 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 43 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Regional and local Government 317 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Other centres 80 By scientific discipline (HC): Women: Humanities and the Arts Total Government 972 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 157 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Regional and local Government 1,422 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Other centres 54 External personnel by occupation (HC): Total Total Government 1,633 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 78 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Regional and local Government 1,239 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Other centres 37 External personnel by occupation (HC): Researchers Total Government 1,354 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 56 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Regional and local Government 771 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Other centres 28 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Total Total Government 855 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Central Government: OPIS 0 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 23 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Regional and local Government 684 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Other centres 20 External personnel by occupation (HC): Women: Researchers Total Government 727 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Central Government: OPIS 0.0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 100.5 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Regional and local Government 413.6 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Other centres 28.0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Total Total Government 542.1 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Central Government: OPIS 0.0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 39.0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Regional and local Government 276.6 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Other centres 19.7 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Researchers Total Government 335.3 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Central Government: OPIS 0.0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 36.9 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Regional and local Government 189.5 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Other centres 14.9 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Total Total Government 241.3 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Central Government: OPIS 0.0 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Central Government: Rest of the Central Government 11.3 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Regional and local Government 128.5 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Other centres 11.1 External personnel by occupation (FTE): Women: Researchers Total Government 150.9