Leading Indicators	Centre type	Total
Research personnel: in FTE (per thousand with respect to the employed population)	Public universities	122,380
Research personnel: in FTE (per thousand with respect to the employed population)	Private universities	21,527
Research personnel: in FTE (per thousand with respect to the employed population)	Other centres of higher education	4,802
Research personnel: in FTE (per thousand with respect to the employed population)	Total	148,709
By qualification (HC): University PhD	Public universities	83,992
By qualification (HC): University PhD	Private universities	12,470
By qualification (HC): University PhD	Other centres of higher education	2,276
By qualification (HC): University PhD	Total	98,738
By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Public universities	29,582
By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Private universities	7,889
By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	2,100
By qualification (HC): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Total	39,571
By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Public universities	8,023
By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Private universities	1,017
By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	272
By qualification (HC): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Total	9,312
By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Public universities	582
By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Private universities	38
By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	109
By qualification (HC): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Total	729
By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Public universities	50
By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Private universities	113
By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Other centres of higher education	38
By qualification (HC): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Total	201
By qualification (HC): Other studies	Public universities	151
By qualification (HC): Other studies	Private universities	0
By qualification (HC): Other studies	Other centres of higher education	7
By qualification (HC): Other studies	Total	158
By qualification (HC). Women: Total	Public universities	54,654
By qualification (HC). Women: Total	Private universities	10,379
By qualification (HC). Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	2,243
By qualification (HC). Women: Total	Total	67,276
By qualification (HC). Women: University PhD	Public universities	36,365
By qualification (HC). Women: University PhD	Private universities	5,989
By qualification (HC). Women: University PhD	Other centres of higher education	959
By qualification (HC). Women: University PhD	Total	43,313
By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Public universities	13,915
By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Private universities	3,824
By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	1,077
By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Total	18,816
By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Public universities	4,100
By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Private universities	518
By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	131
By qualification (HC). Women: Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Total	4,749
By qualification (HC). Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Public universities	194
By qualification (HC). Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Private universities	21
By qualification (HC). Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	51
By qualification (HC). Women: Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Total	266
By qualification (HC). Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Public universities	14
By qualification (HC). Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Private universities	27
By qualification (HC). Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Other centres of higher education	22
By qualification (HC). Women: Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Total	63
By qualification (HC). Women: Other studies	Public universities	66
By qualification (HC). Women: Other studies	Private universities	0
By qualification (HC). Women: Other studies	Other centres of higher education	3
By qualification (HC). Women: Other studies	Total	69
By qualification (FTE): Total	Public universities	70,613.7
By qualification (FTE): Total	Private universities	7,888.8
By qualification (FTE): Total	Other centres of higher education	3,054.5
By qualification (FTE): Total	Total	81,557.0
By qualification (FTE): University PhD	Public universities	48,292.3
By qualification (FTE): University PhD	Private universities	4,797.9
By qualification (FTE): University PhD	Other centres of higher education	1,440.1
By qualification (FTE): University PhD	Total	54,530.3
By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Public universities	17,328.1
By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Private universities	2,687.0
By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	1,363.9
By qualification (FTE): Degree of more than 240 ECTS (*), Bachelor's degree and equivalents	Total	21,379.0
By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Public universities	4,461.2
By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Private universities	299.2
By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	134.9
By qualification (FTE): Degree of 240 ECTS, Diploma and equivalents	Total	4,895.3
By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Public universities	411.4
By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Private universities	27.8
By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Other centres of higher education	104.4
By qualification (FTE): Higher Level Training Cycle, FPII and equivalents	Total	543.6
By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Public universities	42.2
By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Private universities	76.9
By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Other centres of higher education	9.4
By qualification (FTE): Baccalaureate, Intermediate Training Cycle, FPI and similar	Total	128.5
By qualification (FTE): Other studies	Public universities	78.5
By qualification (FTE): Other studies	Private universities	0.0
By qualification (FTE): Other studies	Other centres of higher education	1.8
By qualification (FTE): Other studies	Total	80.3
By age (HC): Total	Public universities	122,380
By age (HC): Total	Private universities	21,527
By age (HC): Total	Other centres of higher education	4,802
By age (HC): Total	Total	148,709
By age (HC): Under 25 years old	Public universities	3,767
By age (HC): Under 25 years old	Private universities	525
By age (HC): Under 25 years old	Other centres of higher education	369
By age (HC): Under 25 years old	Total	4,661
By age (HC): From 25 to 34 years old	Public universities	26,667
By age (HC): From 25 to 34 years old	Private universities	4,426
By age (HC): From 25 to 34 years old	Other centres of higher education	1,745
By age (HC): From 25 to 34 years old	Total	32,838
By age (HC): From 35 to 44 years old	Public universities	23,464
By age (HC): From 35 to 44 years old	Private universities	6,107
By age (HC): From 35 to 44 years old	Other centres of higher education	1,145
By age (HC): From 35 to 44 years old	Total	30,716
By age (HC): From 45 to 54 years old	Public universities	30,150
By age (HC): From 45 to 54 years old	Private universities	6,478
By age (HC): From 45 to 54 years old	Other centres of higher education	884
By age (HC): From 45 to 54 years old	Total	37,512
By age (HC): From 55 to 64 years old	Public universities	29,681
By age (HC): From 55 to 64 years old	Private universities	3,503
By age (HC): From 55 to 64 years old	Other centres of higher education	524
By age (HC): From 55 to 64 years old	Total	33,708
By age (HC): 65 years or more	Public universities	8,651
By age (HC): 65 years or more	Private universities	488
By age (HC): 65 years or more	Other centres of higher education	135
By age (HC): 65 years or more	Total	9,274
By age (HC). Women: Total	Public universities	54,654
By age (HC). Women: Total	Private universities	10,379
By age (HC). Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	2,243
By age (HC). Women: Total	Total	67,276
By age (HC). Women: Under 25 years old	Public universities	1,534
By age (HC). Women: Under 25 years old	Private universities	259
By age (HC). Women: Under 25 years old	Other centres of higher education	195
By age (HC). Women: Under 25 years old	Total	1,988
By age (HC). Women: From 25 to 34 years old	Public universities	12,792
By age (HC). Women: From 25 to 34 years old	Private universities	2,439
By age (HC). Women: From 25 to 34 years old	Other centres of higher education	809
By age (HC). Women: From 25 to 34 years old	Total	16,040
By age (HC). Women: From 35 to 44 years old	Public universities	11,814
By age (HC). Women: From 35 to 44 years old	Private universities	3,097
By age (HC). Women: From 35 to 44 years old	Other centres of higher education	605
By age (HC). Women: From 35 to 44 years old	Total	15,516
By age (HC). Women: From 45 to 54 years old	Public universities	14,239
By age (HC). Women: From 45 to 54 years old	Private universities	3,016
By age (HC). Women: From 45 to 54 years old	Other centres of higher education	404
By age (HC). Women: From 45 to 54 years old	Total	17,659
By age (HC). Women: From 55 to 64 years old	Public universities	11,817
By age (HC). Women: From 55 to 64 years old	Private universities	1,451
By age (HC). Women: From 55 to 64 years old	Other centres of higher education	193
By age (HC). Women: From 55 to 64 years old	Total	13,461
By age (HC). Women: 65 years or more	Public universities	2,458
By age (HC). Women: 65 years or more	Private universities	117
By age (HC). Women: 65 years or more	Other centres of higher education	37
By age (HC). Women: 65 years or more	Total	2,612
By nationality (HC): Total	Public universities	122,380
By nationality (HC): Total	Private universities	21,527
By nationality (HC): Total	Other centres of higher education	4,802
By nationality (HC): Total	Total	148,709
By nationality (HC): Spain	Public universities	113,270
By nationality (HC): Spain	Private universities	19,846
By nationality (HC): Spain	Other centres of higher education	3,558
By nationality (HC): Spain	Total	136,674
By nationality (HC): Rest of the EU*	Public universities	3,875
By nationality (HC): Rest of the EU*	Private universities	692
By nationality (HC): Rest of the EU*	Other centres of higher education	553
By nationality (HC): Rest of the EU*	Total	5,120
By nationality (HC): Other European countries	Public universities	515
By nationality (HC): Other European countries	Private universities	147
By nationality (HC): Other European countries	Other centres of higher education	88
By nationality (HC): Other European countries	Total	750
By nationality (HC): North America	Public universities	500
By nationality (HC): North America	Private universities	132
By nationality (HC): North America	Other centres of higher education	58
By nationality (HC): North America	Total	690
By nationality (HC): Central America	Public universities	504
By nationality (HC): Central America	Private universities	90
By nationality (HC): Central America	Other centres of higher education	34
By nationality (HC): Central America	Total	628
By nationality (HC): South America	Public universities	1,890
By nationality (HC): South America	Private universities	374
By nationality (HC): South America	Other centres of higher education	210
By nationality (HC): South America	Total	2,474
By nationality (HC): Asia	Public universities	1,289
By nationality (HC): Asia	Private universities	192
By nationality (HC): Asia	Other centres of higher education	248
By nationality (HC): Asia	Total	1,729
By nationality (HC): Africa	Public universities	475
By nationality (HC): Africa	Private universities	52
By nationality (HC): Africa	Other centres of higher education	47
By nationality (HC): Africa	Total	574
By nationality (HC): Oceania	Public universities	62
By nationality (HC): Oceania	Private universities	2
By nationality (HC): Oceania	Other centres of higher education	6
By nationality (HC): Oceania	Total	70
By nationality (HC): Women: Total	Public universities	54,654
By nationality (HC): Women: Total	Private universities	10,379
By nationality (HC): Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	2,243
By nationality (HC): Women: Total	Total	67,276
By nationality (HC): Women: Spain	Public universities	50,509
By nationality (HC): Women: Spain	Private universities	9,532
By nationality (HC): Women: Spain	Other centres of higher education	1,651
By nationality (HC): Women: Spain	Total	61,692
By nationality (HC): Women: Rest of the EU*	Public universities	1,774
By nationality (HC): Women: Rest of the EU*	Private universities	355
By nationality (HC): Women: Rest of the EU*	Other centres of higher education	252
By nationality (HC): Women: Rest of the EU*	Total	2,381
By nationality (HC): Women: Other European countries	Public universities	274
By nationality (HC): Women: Other European countries	Private universities	69
By nationality (HC): Women: Other European countries	Other centres of higher education	41
By nationality (HC): Women: Other European countries	Total	384
By nationality (HC): Women: North America	Public universities	209
By nationality (HC): Women: North America	Private universities	64
By nationality (HC): Women: North America	Other centres of higher education	34
By nationality (HC): Women: North America	Total	307
By nationality (HC): Women: Central America	Public universities	241
By nationality (HC): Women: Central America	Private universities	36
By nationality (HC): Women: Central America	Other centres of higher education	18
By nationality (HC): Women: Central America	Total	295
By nationality (HC): Women: South America	Public universities	881
By nationality (HC): Women: South America	Private universities	202
By nationality (HC): Women: South America	Other centres of higher education	115
By nationality (HC): Women: South America	Total	1,198
By nationality (HC): Women: Asia	Public universities	544
By nationality (HC): Women: Asia	Private universities	97
By nationality (HC): Women: Asia	Other centres of higher education	108
By nationality (HC): Women: Asia	Total	749
By nationality (HC): Women: Africa	Public universities	204
By nationality (HC): Women: Africa	Private universities	24
By nationality (HC): Women: Africa	Other centres of higher education	21
By nationality (HC): Women: Africa	Total	249
By nationality (HC): Women: Oceania	Public universities	18
By nationality (HC): Women: Oceania	Private universities	0
By nationality (HC): Women: Oceania	Other centres of higher education	3
By nationality (HC): Women: Oceania	Total	21
By scientific discipline (HC): Total	Public universities	122,380
By scientific discipline (HC): Total	Private universities	21,527
By scientific discipline (HC): Total	Other centres of higher education	4,802
By scientific discipline (HC): Total	Total	148,709
By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences	Public universities	22,052
By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences	Private universities	1,155
By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences	Other centres of higher education	1,379
By scientific discipline (HC): Exact and natural sciences	Total	24,586
By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology	Public universities	26,504
By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology	Private universities	3,532
By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology	Other centres of higher education	800
By scientific discipline (HC): Engineering and technology	Total	30,836
By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences	Public universities	21,288
By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences	Private universities	5,693
By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences	Other centres of higher education	1,072
By scientific discipline (HC): Medical Sciences	Total	28,053
By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Public universities	3,254
By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Private universities	470
By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Other centres of higher education	41
By scientific discipline (HC): Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Total	3,765
By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences	Public universities	32,667
By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences	Private universities	7,634
By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences	Other centres of higher education	1,246
By scientific discipline (HC): Social Sciences	Total	41,547
By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts	Public universities	16,615
By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts	Private universities	3,043
By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts	Other centres of higher education	264
By scientific discipline (HC): Humanities and the Arts	Total	19,922
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Total	Public universities	54,654
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Total	Private universities	10,379
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	2,243
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Total	Total	67,276
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Exact and natural sciences	Public universities	8,936
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Exact and natural sciences	Private universities	601
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Exact and natural sciences	Other centres of higher education	543
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Exact and natural sciences	Total	10,080
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Engineering and technology	Public universities	7,313
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Engineering and technology	Private universities	1,005
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Engineering and technology	Other centres of higher education	295
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Engineering and technology	Total	8,613
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Medical Sciences	Public universities	11,942
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Medical Sciences	Private universities	3,210
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Medical Sciences	Other centres of higher education	661
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Medical Sciences	Total	15,813
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Public universities	1,530
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Private universities	251
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Other centres of higher education	29
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Agricultural and veterinary sciences	Total	1,810
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Social Sciences	Public universities	16,336
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Social Sciences	Private universities	3,741
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Social Sciences	Other centres of higher education	568
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Social Sciences	Total	20,645
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Humanities and the Arts	Public universities	8,597
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Humanities and the Arts	Private universities	1,571
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Humanities and the Arts	Other centres of higher education	147
By scientific discipline (HC). Women: Humanities and the Arts	Total	10,315
By category (HC): Total	Public universities	122,380
By category (HC): Total	Private universities	21,527
By category (HC): Total	Other centres of higher education	4,802
By category (HC): Total	Total	148,709
By category (HC): University professors	Public universities	13,871
By category (HC): University professors	Private universities	787
By category (HC): University professors	Other centres of higher education	166
By category (HC): University professors	Total	14,824
By category (HC): University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ram¢n y Cajal Doctors and Researchers	Public universities	44,645
By category (HC): University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ram¢n y Cajal Doctors and Researchers	Private universities	6,804
By category (HC): University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ram¢n y Cajal Doctors and Researchers	Other centres of higher education	1,299
By category (HC): University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ram¢n y Cajal Doctors and Researchers	Total	52,748
By category (HC): Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers	Public universities	25,433
By category (HC): Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers	Private universities	9,030
By category (HC): Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers	Other centres of higher education	1,384
By category (HC): Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers	Total	35,847
By category (HC): FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants	Public universities	38,431
By category (HC): FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants	Private universities	4,906
By category (HC): FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants	Other centres of higher education	1,953
By category (HC): FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants	Total	45,290
By category (HC). Women: Total	Public universities	54,654
By category (HC). Women: Total	Private universities	10,379
By category (HC). Women: Total	Other centres of higher education	2,243
By category (HC). Women: Total	Total	67,276
By category (HC). Women: University professors	Public universities	4,069
By category (HC). Women: University professors	Private universities	271
By category (HC). Women: University professors	Other centres of higher education	53
By category (HC). Women: University professors	Total	4,393
By category (HC). Women: University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ram¢n y Cajal Doctors and Researchers	Public universities	20,590
By category (HC). Women: University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ram¢n y Cajal Doctors and Researchers	Private universities	3,391
By category (HC). Women: University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ram¢n y Cajal Doctors and Researchers	Other centres of higher education	518
By category (HC). Women: University professors, University School Professors, Contracted Professors, Ram¢n y Cajal Doctors and Researchers	Total	24,499
By category (HC). Women: Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers	Public universities	12,045
By category (HC). Women: Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers	Private universities	4,263
By category (HC). Women: Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers	Other centres of higher education	717
By category (HC). Women: Doctoral Assistant Professor, Visiting Professor, Juan de la Cierva Researchers, Visiting Researchers and other Postdoctoral Researchers	Total	17,025
By category (HC). Women: FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants	Public universities	17,950
By category (HC). Women: FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants	Private universities	2,454
By category (HC). Women: FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants	Other centres of higher education	955
By category (HC). Women: FPI, FPU, other predoctoral researchers and teaching assistants	Total	21,359