Economic variables Scope of environmental protection Period Total Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2024 (preview) 1.59 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2023 1.67 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2022 1.70 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2021 1.58 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2020 1.74 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2019 1.63 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2018 1.63 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2017 1.62 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2016 1.59 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2015 1.61 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP TOTAL 2014 1.62 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2024 (preview) 0.29 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2023 0.31 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2022 0.32 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2021 0.29 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2020 0.32 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2019 0.30 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2018 0.30 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2017 0.31 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2016 0.32 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2015 0.33 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0301 Wastewater management 2014 0.33 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2024 (preview) 0.96 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2023 0.99 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2022 1.02 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2021 0.98 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2020 1.11 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2019 1.03 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2018 1.04 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2017 1.01 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2016 0.97 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2015 0.99 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0401 - Waste management 2014 0.98 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2024 (preview) 0.09 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2023 0.10 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2022 0.09 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2021 0.08 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2020 0.08 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2019 0.08 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2018 0.09 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2017 0.09 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2016 0.09 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2015 0.09 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2014 0.10 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2024 (preview) 0.15 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2023 0.16 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2022 0.16 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2021 0.12 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2020 0.12 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2019 0.12 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2018 0.10 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2017 0.11 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2016 0.10 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2015 0.09 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2014 0.09 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2024 (preview) 0.10 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2023 0.11 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2022 0.11 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2021 0.11 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2020 0.11 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2019 0.10 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2018 0.10 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2017 0.10 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2016 0.11 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2015 0.11 Domestic expenditure on environmental protection: Percentage of GDP Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2014 0.12 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2024 (preview) -4.80 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2023 -1.80 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2022 7.60 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2021 -9.20 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2020 6.70 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2019 0.00 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2018 0.60 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2017 1.90 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2016 -1.20 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2015 -0.60 Interannual variation rates TOTAL 2014 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2024 (preview) -6.50 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2023 -3.10 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2022 10.30 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2021 -9.40 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2020 6.70 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2019 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2018 -3.20 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2017 -3.10 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2016 -3.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2015 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0301 Wastewater management 2014 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2024 (preview) -3.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2023 -2.90 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2022 4.10 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2021 -11.70 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2020 7.80 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2019 -1.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2018 3.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2017 4.10 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2016 -2.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2015 1.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0401 - Waste management 2014 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2024 (preview) -10.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2023 11.10 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2022 12.50 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2021 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2020 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2019 -11.10 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2018 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2017 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2016 0.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2015 -10.00 Interannual variation rates CEP0502 - Protection of biodiversity and landscape 2014 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2024 (preview) -6.30 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2023 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2022 33.30 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2021 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2020 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2019 20.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2018 -9.10 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2017 10.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2016 11.10 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2015 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0501, CEP06 - Protection of the air and climate, soils, radiations, noise and vibration abatement 2014 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2024 (preview) -9.10 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2023 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2022 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2021 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2020 10.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2019 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2018 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2017 -9.10 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2016 0.00 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2015 -8.30 Interannual variation rates Sum of CEP01, CEP0502, CEP06, CEP07 + CEP08 (1) - R&D and other environmental protection activities. 2014 0.00