OECD countries;Resources allocated to R+D;period;Total Australia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;.. Australia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;.. Australia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.79 Australia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;.. Australia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.88 Australia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Australia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. Australia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;.. Australia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;.. Australia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;.. Australia;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Australia;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Australia;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;.. Australia;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Australia;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;.. Australia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Australia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Australia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;.. Australia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Australia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;.. Austria;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3.19 Austria;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3.14 Austria;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3.06 Austria;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3.12 Austria;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3.05 Austria;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;18.5 Austria;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;18.0 Austria;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;17.2 Austria;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;17.3 Austria;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;16.7 Austria;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Austria;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Austria;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;83,648 Austria;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Austria;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;78,051 Austria;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Austria;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Austria;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;30.1 Austria;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Austria;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;29.5 Belgium;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.89 Belgium;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.67 Belgium;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.67 Belgium;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.52 Belgium;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.43 Belgium;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;19.7 Belgium;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;18.3 Belgium;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;17.4 Belgium;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;16.9 Belgium;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;16.8 Belgium;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Belgium;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Belgium;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;78,867 Belgium;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Belgium;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;73,709 Belgium;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Belgium;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Belgium;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;34.8 Belgium;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Belgium;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;34.1 Canada;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.54 Canada;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.56 Canada;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.67 Canada;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.73 Canada;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.69 Canada;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Canada;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. Canada;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;12.2 Canada;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;12.4 Canada;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;13.4 Canada;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Canada;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Canada;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;.. Canada;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Canada;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;.. Canada;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Canada;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Canada;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;.. Canada;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Canada;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;.. Chile;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;.. Chile;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0.35 Chile;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0.36 Chile;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.37 Chile;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0.38 Chile;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Chile;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;1.9 Chile;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;2.0 Chile;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;2.0 Chile;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;1.9 Chile;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Chile;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;14,596 Chile;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;14,392 Chile;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;14,181 Chile;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;13,015 Chile;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Chile;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;34.4 Chile;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;34.4 Chile;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;33.1 Chile;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;33.0 Colombia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0.28 Colombia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0.29 Colombia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0.26 Colombia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.30 Colombia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0.32 Colombia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Colombia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. Colombia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;.. Colombia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;.. Colombia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;.. Colombia;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Colombia;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Colombia;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;.. Colombia;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Colombia;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;.. Colombia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Colombia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Colombia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;.. Colombia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Colombia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;.. Czech Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.94 Czech Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.90 Czech Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.77 Czech Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.67 Czech Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.92 Czech Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;14.6 Czech Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;13.8 Czech Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;13.0 Czech Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;12.5 Czech Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;12.8 Czech Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;63,690 Czech Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;61,966 Czech Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;59,789 Czech Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;56,178 Czech Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;56,605 Czech Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;27.2 Czech Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;26.6 Czech Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;26.8 Czech Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;26.7 Czech Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;26.9 Danemark;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.96 Danemark;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3.02 Danemark;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3.03 Danemark;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3.09 Danemark;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3.05 Danemark;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;20.2 Danemark;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;21.8 Danemark;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;21.6 Danemark;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;21.9 Danemark;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;21.3 Danemark;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Danemark;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Danemark;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;61,961 Danemark;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;60,782 Danemark;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;60,492 Danemark;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Danemark;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Danemark;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;35.8 Danemark;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Danemark;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;33.8 Estonia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.61 Estonia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.41 Estonia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.28 Estonia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.23 Estonia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.46 Estonia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;9.9 Estonia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;9.5 Estonia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;9.4 Estonia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;9.2 Estonia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;9.0 Estonia;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Estonia;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;7,281 Estonia;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;7,344 Estonia;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;6,845 Estonia;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;7,181 Estonia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Estonia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;43.9 Estonia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;42.2 Estonia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;43.6 Estonia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;43.9 Finland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.79 Finland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.75 Finland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.73 Finland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.72 Finland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.87 Finland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;19.3 Finland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;19.0 Finland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;19.1 Finland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;18.7 Finland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;20.0 Finland;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;58,291 Finland;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;55,415 Finland;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;54,139 Finland;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;53,752 Finland;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;55,728 Finland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;33.7 Finland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;33.7 Finland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;33.2 Finland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;32.5 Finland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;32.3 France;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.19 France;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.20 France;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.20 France;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.22 France;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.27 France;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;16.3 France;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;16.1 France;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;15.9 France;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;15.7 France;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;15.6 France;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. France;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;429,959 France;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;416,217 France;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;396,594 France;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;383,843 France;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. France;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. France;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;28.3 France;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;28.0 France;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;27.0 Germany;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3.18 Germany;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3.12 Germany;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3.05 Germany;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.94 Germany;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.93 Germany;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;16.2 Germany;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;15.8 Germany;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;15.5 Germany;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;15.1 Germany;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;14.9 Germany;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Germany;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Germany;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;623,125 Germany;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Germany;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;586,030 Germany;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Germany;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Germany;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;27.9 Germany;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Germany;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;28.0 Greece;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.27 Greece;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.21 Greece;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.15 Greece;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.01 Greece;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0.97 Greece;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;12.0 Greece;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;11.4 Greece;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;10.7 Greece;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;9.4 Greece;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;11.5 Greece;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Greece;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Greece;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;61,616 Greece;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Greece;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;60,736 Greece;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Greece;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Greece;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;37.8 Greece;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Greece;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;38.0 Hungary;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.48 Hungary;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.51 Hungary;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.32 Hungary;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.18 Hungary;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.34 Hungary;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;12.1 Hungary;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;11.7 Hungary;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;8.9 Hungary;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;8.0 Hungary;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;8.5 Hungary;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Hungary;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;54,970 Hungary;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;42,729 Hungary;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;38,915 Hungary;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;38,418 Hungary;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Hungary;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;28.0 Hungary;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;30.5 Hungary;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;30.8 Hungary;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;30.8 Iceland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.35 Iceland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.01 Iceland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.08 Iceland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.11 Iceland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.18 Iceland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Iceland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. Iceland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;16.0 Iceland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;.. Iceland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;16.0 Iceland;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Iceland;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Iceland;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;3,783 Iceland;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Iceland;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;3,722 Iceland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Iceland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Iceland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;46.4 Iceland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Iceland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;45.6 Ireland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.23 Ireland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.17 Ireland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.22 Ireland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.17 Ireland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.18 Ireland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;16.5 Ireland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;16.5 Ireland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;17.1 Ireland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;16.8 Ireland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;17.3 Ireland;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Ireland;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Ireland;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;34,791 Ireland;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Ireland;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;33,117 Ireland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Ireland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Ireland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;36.3 Ireland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Ireland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;36.1 Israel;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;4.93 Israel;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;4.85 Israel;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;4.69 Israel;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;4.52 Israel;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;4.26 Israel;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Israel;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. Israel;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;.. Israel;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;.. Israel;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;.. Israel;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Israel;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Israel;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;.. Israel;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Israel;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;.. Israel;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Israel;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Israel;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;.. Israel;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Israel;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;.. Italy;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.45 Italy;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.42 Italy;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.37 Italy;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.37 Italy;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.34 Italy;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;14.0 Italy;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;13.6 Italy;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;12.6 Italy;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;11.7 Italy;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;10.6 Italy;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Italy;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;212,671 Italy;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;195,560 Italy;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;185,916 Italy;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;174,327 Italy;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Italy;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;33.9 Italy;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;34.3 Italy;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;35.2 Italy;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;36.0 Japan;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3.24 Japan;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3.28 Japan;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3.21 Japan;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3.16 Japan;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3.28 Japan;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;13.0 Japan;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;13.1 Japan;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;13.2 Japan;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;13.0 Japan;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;13.2 Japan;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;942,180 Japan;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;935,658 Japan;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;930,720 Japan;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;917,725 Japan;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;907,455 Japan;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;16.9 Japan;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;16.6 Japan;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;16.2 Japan;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;15.7 Japan;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;15.3 Korea;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;4.64 Korea;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;4.52 Korea;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;4.29 Korea;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3.99 Korea;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3.98 Korea;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;19.4 Korea;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;18.7 Korea;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;17.6 Korea;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;16.9 Korea;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;16.9 Korea;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;538,136 Korea;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;514,170 Korea;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;482,796 Korea;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;460,769 Korea;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;453,262 Korea;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;21.0 Korea;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;20.4 Korea;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;20.1 Korea;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;19.7 Korea;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;18.9 Latvia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0.64 Latvia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0.64 Latvia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0.51 Latvia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.44 Latvia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0.62 Latvia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;6.6 Latvia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;6.4 Latvia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;6.1 Latvia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;5.8 Latvia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;6.3 Latvia;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Latvia;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;7,439 Latvia;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;7,504 Latvia;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;7,400 Latvia;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;7,827 Latvia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Latvia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;50.7 Latvia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;52.2 Latvia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;52.2 Latvia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;51.0 Lithuania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.00 Lithuania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.00 Lithuania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.00 Lithuania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.00 Lithuania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.00 Lithuania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;9.0 Lithuania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;9.0 Lithuania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;9.0 Lithuania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;8.0 Lithuania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;8.0 Lithuania;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Lithuania;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;19,198 Lithuania;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;18,767 Lithuania;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;17,746 Lithuania;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;17,293 Lithuania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Lithuania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;49.0 Lithuania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;49.5 Lithuania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;51.6 Lithuania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;50.7 Luxembourg;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.19 Luxembourg;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.17 Luxembourg;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.27 Luxembourg;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.30 Luxembourg;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.30 Luxembourg;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;12.7 Luxembourg;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;12.2 Luxembourg;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;12.8 Luxembourg;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;12.9 Luxembourg;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;13.0 Luxembourg;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Luxembourg;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Luxembourg;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;3,540 Luxembourg;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Luxembourg;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;3,207 Luxembourg;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Luxembourg;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Luxembourg;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;28.1 Luxembourg;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Luxembourg;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;28.4 Mexico;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0.28 Mexico;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0.31 Mexico;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0.33 Mexico;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.39 Mexico;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0.43 Mexico;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;1.7 Mexico;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;1.6 Mexico;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;1.7 Mexico;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;1.7 Mexico;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;1.5 Mexico;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;58,013 Mexico;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;54,539 Mexico;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;54,578 Mexico;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;54,357 Mexico;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;48,812 Mexico;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;32.8 Mexico;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;33.2 Mexico;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;33.5 Mexico;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;33.7 Mexico;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;34.7 The Netherlands;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.16 The Netherlands;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.14 The Netherlands;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.18 The Netherlands;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.15 The Netherlands;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.15 The Netherlands;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;16.7 The Netherlands;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;16.7 The Netherlands;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;16.4 The Netherlands;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;16.2 The Netherlands;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;15.8 The Netherlands;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. The Netherlands;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;130,153 The Netherlands;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;124,834 The Netherlands;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;124,568 The Netherlands;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;118,902 The Netherlands;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. The Netherlands;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;27.0 The Netherlands;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;26.1 The Netherlands;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;26.1 The Netherlands;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;25.2 New Zealand;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;.. New Zealand;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;.. New Zealand;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.35 New Zealand;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;.. New Zealand;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.23 New Zealand;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. New Zealand;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. New Zealand;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;14.2 New Zealand;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;.. New Zealand;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;14.1 New Zealand;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. New Zealand;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. New Zealand;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;44,000 New Zealand;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. New Zealand;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;39,000 New Zealand;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. New Zealand;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. New Zealand;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;.. New Zealand;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. New Zealand;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;.. Norway;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.15 Norway;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.05 Norway;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.10 Norway;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.04 Norway;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.94 Norway;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;17.2 Norway;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;16.7 Norway;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;16.8 Norway;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;16.2 Norway;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;15.7 Norway;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Norway;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;59,629 Norway;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;57,934 Norway;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;54,601 Norway;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;52,181 Norway;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Norway;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;38.8 Norway;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;38.1 Norway;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;37.6 Norway;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;37.4 Poland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.32 Poland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.21 Poland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.03 Poland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.96 Poland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.00 Poland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;10.0 Poland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;9.9 Poland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;8.8 Poland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;6.9 Poland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;6.8 Poland;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Poland;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;192,833 Poland;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;187,905 Poland;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;132,547 Poland;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;118,494 Poland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Poland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;37.9 Poland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;38.1 Poland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;36.4 Poland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;37.0 Portugal;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.40 Portugal;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.35 Portugal;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.32 Portugal;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.28 Portugal;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.24 Portugal;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;12.4 Portugal;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;11.8 Portugal;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;11.5 Portugal;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;10.8 Portugal;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;10.5 Portugal;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;100,823 Portugal;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;96,123 Portugal;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;89,659 Portugal;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;85,780 Portugal;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;81,005 Portugal;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;42.8 Portugal;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;43.3 Portugal;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;43.7 Portugal;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;43.5 Portugal;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;44.1 Slovak Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0.83 Slovak Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0.84 Slovak Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0.89 Slovak Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.79 Slovak Republic;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.16 Slovak Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;8.7 Slovak Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;8.4 Slovak Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;8.0 Slovak Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;7.7 Slovak Republic;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;7.8 Slovak Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;28,851 Slovak Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;28,755 Slovak Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;26,861 Slovak Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;26,720 Slovak Republic;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;24,396 Slovak Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;41.0 Slovak Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;41.2 Slovak Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;41.9 Slovak Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;41.4 Slovak Republic;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;42.2 Slovenia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.04 Slovenia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.95 Slovenia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.87 Slovenia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.01 Slovenia;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.20 Slovenia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;16.2 Slovenia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;15.4 Slovenia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;14.9 Slovenia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;15.0 Slovenia;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;15.1 Slovenia;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Slovenia;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;15,388 Slovenia;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;14,079 Slovenia;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;11,282 Slovenia;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;11,308 Slovenia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Slovenia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;32.5 Slovenia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;32.3 Slovenia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;34.5 Slovenia;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;36.5 Spain;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.25 Spain;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.24 Spain;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.21 Spain;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.19 Spain;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.22 Spain;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;11.4 Spain;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;11.4 Spain;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;11.1 Spain;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;10.9 Spain;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;10.9 Spain;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Spain;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;234,798 Spain;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;225,995 Spain;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;218,680 Spain;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;214,227 Spain;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Spain;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;40.8 Spain;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;40.5 Spain;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;40.2 Spain;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;40.0 Sweden;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3.40 Sweden;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3.32 Sweden;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3.36 Sweden;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3.25 Sweden;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3.22 Sweden;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;17.8 Sweden;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;18.1 Sweden;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;17.8 Sweden;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;18.5 Sweden;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;17.4 Sweden;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Sweden;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Sweden;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;107,042 Sweden;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Sweden;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;108,761 Sweden;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Sweden;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Sweden;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;32.6 Sweden;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Sweden;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;33.7 Swizterland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;.. Swizterland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;.. Swizterland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3.18 Swizterland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;.. Swizterland;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3.26 Swizterland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Swizterland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. Swizterland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;16.3 Swizterland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;.. Swizterland;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;16.6 Swizterland;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Swizterland;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Swizterland;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;73,502 Swizterland;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Swizterland;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;70,834 Swizterland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Swizterland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Swizterland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;34.9 Swizterland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Swizterland;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;33.5 Turkey;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.06 Turkey;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.03 Turkey;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0.95 Turkey;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.94 Turkey;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0.88 Turkey;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;6.6 Turkey;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;6.1 Turkey;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;5.5 Turkey;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;5.1 Turkey;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;4.6 Turkey;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;243,773 Turkey;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;230,030 Turkey;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;210,769 Turkey;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;191,769 Turkey;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;190,784 Turkey;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;37.0 Turkey;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;36.8 Turkey;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;37.0 Turkey;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;36.7 Turkey;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;37.3 United Kingdom;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.76 United Kingdom;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.73 United Kingdom;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.68 United Kingdom;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.66 United Kingdom;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.65 United Kingdom;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;14.8 United Kingdom;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;14.3 United Kingdom;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;13.8 United Kingdom;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;13.1 United Kingdom;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;13.2 United Kingdom;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. United Kingdom;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;535,477 United Kingdom;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;520,936 United Kingdom;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;510,980 United Kingdom;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;496,953 United Kingdom;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. United Kingdom;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;38.6 United Kingdom;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;38.7 United Kingdom;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;38.7 United Kingdom;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;38.6 United States;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3.07 United States;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.95 United States;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.85 United States;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.79 United States;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.72 United States;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. United States;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. United States;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;.. United States;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;.. United States;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;.. United States;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. United States;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. United States;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;.. United States;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. United States;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;.. United States;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. United States;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. United States;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;.. United States;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. United States;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;.. Total;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.47 Total;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.42 Total;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.35 Total;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.31 Total;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.31 Total;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Total;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. Total;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;.. Total;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;.. Total;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;.. Total;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Total;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Total;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;.. Total;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. Total;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;.. Total;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Total;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Total;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;.. Total;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. Total;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.10 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.07 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.03 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.99 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.01 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;14.0 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;13.7 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;13.2 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;12.7 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;12.5 European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (physical persons);2017;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (physical persons);2015;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;.. Argentina;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;.. Argentina;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;.. Argentina;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0.56 Argentina;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.53 Argentina;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0.62 Argentina;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Argentina;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. Argentina;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;4.4 Argentina;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;4.5 Argentina;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;4.4 Argentina;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Argentina;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. Argentina;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;84,284 Argentina;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;86,562 Argentina;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;82,407 Argentina;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Argentina;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. Argentina;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;53.8 Argentina;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;53.0 Argentina;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;52.6 China;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2.23 China;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2.14 China;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2.12 China;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.10 China;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.06 China;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. China;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;5.6 China;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;5.2 China;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;5.0 China;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;4.9 China;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. China;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. China;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;.. China;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;.. China;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;.. China;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. China;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. China;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;.. China;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;.. China;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;.. Romania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0.48 Romania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0.50 Romania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0.50 Romania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.48 Romania;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0.49 Romania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;3.7 Romania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;3.7 Romania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;3.8 Romania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;3.8 Romania;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;3.7 Romania;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Romania;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;27,471 Romania;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;27,367 Romania;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;27,801 Romania;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;27,253 Romania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Romania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;46.2 Romania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;46.7 Romania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;45.8 Romania;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;46.2 Russian Federation;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1.03 Russian Federation;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0.98 Russian Federation;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.11 Russian Federation;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1.10 Russian Federation;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1.10 Russian Federation;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;10.5 Russian Federation;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;10.5 Russian Federation;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;10.8 Russian Federation;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;11.1 Russian Federation;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;11.5 Russian Federation;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;348,221 Russian Federation;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;347,854 Russian Federation;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;359,793 Russian Federation;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;370,379 Russian Federation;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;379,411 Russian Federation;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;39.1 Russian Federation;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;39.2 Russian Federation;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;39.5 Russian Federation;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;40.0 Russian Federation;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;40.3 Singapore;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;.. Singapore;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1.84 Singapore;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1.92 Singapore;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2.08 Singapore;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2.18 Singapore;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. Singapore;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;12.1 Singapore;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;12.1 Singapore;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;12.3 Singapore;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;12.4 Singapore;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. Singapore;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;43,310 Singapore;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;42,838 Singapore;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;43,177 Singapore;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;43,159 Singapore;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. Singapore;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;30.8 Singapore;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;30.7 Singapore;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;30.7 Singapore;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;30.2 South Africa;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;.. South Africa;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;.. South Africa;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0.83 South Africa;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0.82 South Africa;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0.80 South Africa;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;.. South Africa;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;.. South Africa;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;2.7 South Africa;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;2.7 South Africa;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;2.6 South Africa;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;.. South Africa;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;.. South Africa;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;61,840 South Africa;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;56,761 South Africa;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;51,877 South Africa;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;.. South Africa;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;.. South Africa;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;44.9 South Africa;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;45.1 South Africa;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;45.0 Chinese Taipei;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3.50 Chinese Taipei;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3.36 Chinese Taipei;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3.19 Chinese Taipei;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3.09 Chinese Taipei;Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3.00 Chinese Taipei;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2019;23.6 Chinese Taipei;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2018;22.9 Chinese Taipei;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2017;22.5 Chinese Taipei;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2016;22.2 Chinese Taipei;Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed;2015;21.9 Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (physical persons);2019;199,144 Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (physical persons);2018;193,035 Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (physical persons);2017;187,971 Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (physical persons);2016;184,898 Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (physical persons);2015;183,022 Chinese Taipei;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2019;22.7 Chinese Taipei;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2018;22.6 Chinese Taipei;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2017;22.6 Chinese Taipei;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2016;22.3 Chinese Taipei;Percentage of women among total number of researchers;2015;22.2