Statistics on R&D Activities in the Business Sector Personnel costs Indicators by OECD countries, resources allocated to R+D and period. Unidades: specified in variables ,Total internal expenditure x 100/GDP market prices,,,,,Personnel R+D (FTE) x 1000/Employed,,,,,Total researchers (physical persons),,,,,Percentage of women among total number of researchers,,,,, ,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011, Australia,..,..,2,11,..,2,12,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., Austria,3,07,3,06,2,97,2,93,2,68,16,2,16,15,7,15,5,14,7,..,..,71.448,..,65.609,..,..,29,6,..,29, Belgium,2,45,2,46,2,44,2,36,2,16,16,9,15,1,15,14,7,13,9,..,..,66.724,..,63.207,..,..,33,4,..,33,5, Canada,..,1,6,1,68,1,79,1,8,..,..,12,6,13,13,6,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., Chile,0,39,0,38,0,39,0,36,0,35,1,9,2,1,7,1,9,1,7,13.015,12.303,9.795,10.447,9.388,33,31,5,34,3,31,30,8, Czech Republic,1,95,1,97,1,9,1,78,1,56,12,8,12,6,12,2,11,9,11,..,54.493,51.455,47.651,45.902,..,27,2,28,3,27,5,28,2, Danemark,2,96,2,92,2,97,2,98,2,94,21,20,9,20,9,20,9,20,7,..,59.287,57.876,57.520,56.845,..,..,35,2,35,4,33,1, Estonia,1,5,1,45,1,73,2,12,2,31,9,9,6,9,7,9,9,9,8,..,7.721,7.515,7.634,7.646,..,44,44,4,44,43,7, Finland,2,9,3,17,3,29,3,42,3,64,20,2,20,8,21,21,3,21,7,..,55.515,56.720,56.704,57.549,..,32,1,31,5,32,2,32,1, France,2,23,2,24,2,24,2,23,2,19,..,15,2,15,3,15,1,14,8,..,369.999,366.299,356.445,338.470,..,26,1,25,5,25,5,25,6, Germany,2,87,2,89,2,82,2,87,2,8,14,3,14,2,13,9,14,1,13,8,..,..,549.283,..,522.010,..,..,27,9,..,26,8, Greece,0,96,0,84,0,81,0,7,0,67,12,6,10,8,10,6,9,1,8,4,..,..,53.744,..,45.239,..,..,39,4,..,36,7, Hungary,1,38,1,36,1,39,1,27,1,19,8,6,8,9,9,5,9,8,6,..,39.190,37.803,37.019,36.945,..,30,4,30,3,30,9,31,7, Iceland,2,19,2,01,1,76,..,2,49,16,..,15,6,..,19,4,3.722,..,3.356,..,3.270,45,6,..,43,8,..,37,3, Ireland,..,1,51,1,56,1,56,1,54,14,8,14,6,12,6,12,4,11,5,..,..,25.393,..,22.358,..,..,32,3,..,32,6, Israel,4,25,4,27,4,15,4,16,4,02,..,..,..,21,1,20,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., Italy,1,33,1,38,1,31,1,27,1,21,10,1,10,2,10,1,9,7,9,2,..,168.074,163.925,157.960,151.597,..,36,35,7,35,5,34,9, Japan,3,49,3,59,3,48,3,34,3,38,13,4,13,7,13,3,13,2,13,5,907.455,926.671,892.406,887.067,892.684,15,3,14,7,14,6,14,4,14, Korea,4,23,4,29,4,15,4,03,3,74,17,16,8,16,16,14,9,453.262,437.447,410.333,401.724,375.176,18,9,18,5,18,2,17,7,17,3, Latvia,0,63,0,69,0,61,0,67,0,7,6,3,6,5,6,1,6,4,6,3,..,7.939,7.448,7.995,7.377,..,..,52,52,8,53,3, Luxembourg,1,31,1,28,1,31,1,28,1,47,13,8,13,2,12,9,12,5,14,..,..,2.713,..,3.114,..,..,27,3,..,22,9, Mexico,0,55,0,54,0,5,0,49,0,52,..,..,1,2,1,2,1,6,..,..,42.222,41.419,56.481,..,..,33,32,8,.., The Netherlands,2,01,2,1,95,1,94,1,9,14,6,14,2,14,1,13,8,13,3,..,111.795,110.536,107.184,84.072,..,23,4,23,6,24,24,2, New Zealand,..,..,1,15,..,1,23,..,..,11,..,10,6,..,..,29.300,..,28.100,..,..,..,..,.., Norway,1,93,1,72,1,65,1,62,1,63,15,5,14,7,14,2,14,14,..,50.025,47.795,46.747,45.578,..,37,4,36,9,36,2,36,2, Poland,1,0,94,0,87,0,88,0,75,6,8,6,6,6,1,5,9,5,5,..,115.375,109.611,103.627,100.723,..,37,2,37,8,38,3,38,6, Portugal,1,28,1,29,1,33,1,38,1,46,10,6,10,4,10,5,10,4,10,4,..,78.736,78.290,81.750,82.354,..,44,3,45,4,45,44, Slovak Republic,1,18,0,88,0,82,0,8,0,66,7,8,7,9,7,8,8,2,8,2,..,25.080,24.441,25.069,24.711,..,42,5,42,7,42,3,42,6, Slovenia,2,21,2,38,2,6,2,58,2,42,15,1,16,16,4,16,16,1,..,12.155,12.111,12.362,12.514,..,36,1,36,35,8,36,4, Spain,1,22,1,24,1,27,1,29,1,33,10,8,11,1,11,4,11,4,11,3,..,210.104,208.767,215.544,220.254,..,39,6,39,3,38,8,38,7, Sweden,3,26,3,15,3,31,3,28,3,25,17,6,17,6,17,3,17,6,17,1,..,..,101.820,..,80.154,..,..,33,3,..,37,2, Swizterland,..,..,..,2,97,..,..,..,..,15,9,..,..,..,..,60.278,..,..,..,..,32,4,.., Turkey,..,1,01,0,94,0,92,0,86,..,4,5,4,4,4,2,3,8,..,181.544,166.097,155.133,137.452,..,36,9,36,2,36,2,35,6, United Kingdom,1,7,1,68,1,66,1,61,1,68,13,3,12,9,12,6,12,12,1,..,489.181,466.689,442.385,429.009,..,37,4,38,1,37,8,37,7, United States,2,79,2,76,2,74,2,71,2,77,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., Total,2,4,2,39,2,37,2,34,2,33,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., EU-28,1,95,1,95,1,93,1,92,1,88,12,4,12,2,12,1,11,9,11,6,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., EU-15,2,08,2,1,2,07,2,06,2,03,13,6,13,5,13,3,13,1,12,8,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,.., Argentina,..,0,59,0,62,0,64,0,57,..,4,3,4,2,4,1,4,..,83.837,81.964,80.245,77.354,..,52,9,52,4,52,6,52,7, China,2,07,2,02,1,99,1,91,1,78,..,4,8,4,6,4,2,3,8,..,..,..,2.069.650,1.905.899,..,..,..,..,.., Romania,0,49,0,38,0,39,0,48,0,49,3,7,3,6,3,8,3,6,3,3,..,27.535,27.600,27.838,25.489,..,46,45,7,45,1,46,1, Russian Federation,1,13,1,09,1,06,1,05,1,02,11,5,11,6,11,6,11,6,11,8,379.411,373.905,369.015,372.620,374.791,40,3,40,5,40,9,41,2,41,4, Singapore,..,2,2,2,01,2,2,15,..,11,7,11,9,11,8,12,1,..,40.730,40.385,38.432,38.013,..,30,1,29,6,29,6,29,2, South Africa,..,..,0,73,0,73,0,73,..,..,2,6,2,4,2,2,..,..,45.935,42.828,40.653,..,..,44,43,7,42,3, Chinese Taipei,3,06,3,3,2,95,2,9,22,21,7,21,4,21,1,20,8,183.571,182.119,180.353,179.830,174.600,22,2,22,1,22,21,8,21,5, Notas: Source: OECD. MSTI 2016-2 Database. FTE: Full Time Equivalent '..' data not available Fuente: National Statistics Institute