OECD countries;Resources allocated to R&D;Periodo;Total
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;..
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;..
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,79
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;..
Australia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,88
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Australia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Australia;Total researchers (head count);2015;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Australia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;..
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,19
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,14
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,06
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,12
Austria;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3,05
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;18,5
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;18
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;17,2
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;17,3
Austria;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;16,7
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2017;83.648
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Austria;Total researchers (head count);2015;78.051
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;30,1
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Austria;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;29,5
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,89
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,67
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,67
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,52
Belgium;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,43
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;19,7
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;18,3
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;17,4
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,9
Belgium;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;16,8
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2017;78.867
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Belgium;Total researchers (head count);2015;73.709
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;34,8
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Belgium;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;34,1
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,54
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,56
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,67
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,73
Canada;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,69
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;12,2
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,4
Canada;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;13,4
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Canada;Total researchers (head count);2015;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Canada;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;..
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;..
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,35
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,36
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,37
Chile;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0,38
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;1,9
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;2
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;2
Chile;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;1,9
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2018;14.596
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2017;14.392
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2016;14.181
Chile;Total researchers (head count);2015;13.015
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;34,4
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;34,4
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;33,1
Chile;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;33
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,28
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,29
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,26
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,3
Colombia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0,32
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Colombia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Colombia;Total researchers (head count);2015;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Colombia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;..
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,94
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,9
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,77
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,67
Czech Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,92
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14,6
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;13,8
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;13
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,5
Czech Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;12,8
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2019;63.690
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2018;61.966
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2017;59.789
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2016;56.178
Czech Republic;Total researchers (head count);2015;56.605
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;27,2
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;26,6
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;26,8
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;26,7
Czech Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;26,9
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,96
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,02
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,03
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,09
Denmark;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3,05
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;20,2
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;21,8
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;21,6
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;21,9
Denmark;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;21,3
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2017;61.961
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2016;60.782
Denmark;Total researchers (head count);2015;60.492
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;35,8
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Denmark;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;33,8
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,61
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,41
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,28
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,23
Estonia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,46
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;9,9
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;9,5
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;9,4
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;9,2
Estonia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;9
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2018;7.281
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2017;7.344
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2016;6.845
Estonia;Total researchers (head count);2015;7.181
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;43,9
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;42,2
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;43,6
Estonia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;43,9
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,79
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,75
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,73
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,72
Finland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,87
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;19,3
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;19
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;19,1
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;18,7
Finland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;20
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2019;58.291
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2018;55.415
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2017;54.139
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2016;53.752
Finland;Total researchers (head count);2015;55.728
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;33,7
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;33,7
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;33,2
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;32,5
Finland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;32,3
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,19
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,2
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,2
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,22
France;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,27
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,3
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;16,1
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;15,9
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;15,7
France;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;15,6
France;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
France;Total researchers (head count);2018;429.959
France;Total researchers (head count);2017;416.217
France;Total researchers (head count);2016;396.594
France;Total researchers (head count);2015;383.843
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;28,3
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;28
France;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;27
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,18
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,12
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,05
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,94
Germany;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,93
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,2
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;15,8
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;15,5
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;15,1
Germany;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;14,9
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2017;623.125
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Germany;Total researchers (head count);2015;586.030
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;27,9
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Germany;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;28
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,27
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,21
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,15
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,01
Greece;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0,97
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;12
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;11,4
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;10,7
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;9,4
Greece;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;11,5
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2017;61.616
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Greece;Total researchers (head count);2015;60.736
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;37,8
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Greece;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;38
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,48
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,51
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,32
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,18
Hungary;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,34
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;12,1
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;11,7
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;8,9
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;8
Hungary;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;8,5
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2018;54.970
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2017;42.729
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2016;38.915
Hungary;Total researchers (head count);2015;38.418
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;28
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;30,5
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;30,8
Hungary;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;30,8
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,35
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,01
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,08
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,11
Iceland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,18
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;16
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Iceland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;16
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2017;3.783
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Iceland;Total researchers (head count);2015;3.722
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;46,4
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Iceland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;45,6
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,23
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,17
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,22
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,17
Ireland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,18
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,5
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;16,5
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;17,1
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,8
Ireland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;17,3
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2017;34.791
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Ireland;Total researchers (head count);2015;33.117
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;36,3
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Ireland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;36,1
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;4,93
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;4,85
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;4,69
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;4,52
Israel;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;4,26
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Israel;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Israel;Total researchers (head count);2015;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Israel;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;..
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,45
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,42
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,37
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,37
Italy;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,34
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;13,6
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;12,6
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;11,7
Italy;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;10,6
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2018;212.671
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2017;195.560
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2016;185.916
Italy;Total researchers (head count);2015;174.327
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;33,9
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;34,3
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;35,2
Italy;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;36
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,24
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,28
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,21
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,16
Japan;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3,28
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;13
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;13,1
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;13,2
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;13
Japan;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;13,2
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2019;942.180
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2018;935.658
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2017;930.720
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2016;917.725
Japan;Total researchers (head count);2015;907.455
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;16,9
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;16,6
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;16,2
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;15,7
Japan;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;15,3
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;4,64
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;4,52
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;4,29
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,99
Korea;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3,98
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;19,4
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;18,7
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;17,6
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,9
Korea;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;16,9
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2019;538.136
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2018;514.170
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2017;482.796
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2016;460.769
Korea;Total researchers (head count);2015;453.262
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;21
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;20,4
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;20,1
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;19,7
Korea;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;18,9
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,64
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,64
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,51
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,44
Latvia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0,62
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;6,6
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;6,4
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;6,1
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;5,8
Latvia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;6,3
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2018;7.439
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2017;7.504
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2016;7.400
Latvia;Total researchers (head count);2015;7.827
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;50,7
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;52,2
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;52,2
Latvia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;51
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1
Lithuania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;9
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;9
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;9
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;8
Lithuania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;8
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2018;19.198
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2017;18.767
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2016;17.746
Lithuania;Total researchers (head count);2015;17.293
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;49
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;49,5
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;51,6
Lithuania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;50,7
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,19
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,17
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,27
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,3
Luxembourg;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,3
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;12,7
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;12,2
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;12,8
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,9
Luxembourg;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;13
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2017;3.540
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Luxembourg;Total researchers (head count);2015;3.207
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;28,1
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Luxembourg;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;28,4
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,28
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,31
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,33
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,39
Mexico;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0,43
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;1,7
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;1,6
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;1,7
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;1,7
Mexico;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;1,5
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2019;58.013
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2018;54.539
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2017;54.578
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2016;54.357
Mexico;Total researchers (head count);2015;48.812
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;32,8
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;33,2
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;33,5
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;33,7
Mexico;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;34,7
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,16
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,14
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,18
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,15
Netherlands;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,15
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,7
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;16,7
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;16,4
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,2
Netherlands;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;15,8
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2018;130.153
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2017;124.834
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2016;124.568
Netherlands;Total researchers (head count);2015;118.902
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;27
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;26,1
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;26,1
Netherlands;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;25,2
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;..
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;..
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,35
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;..
New Zealand;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,23
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;14,2
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
New Zealand;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;14,1
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2017;44.000
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
New Zealand;Total researchers (head count);2015;39.000
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
New Zealand;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;..
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,15
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,05
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,1
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,04
Norway;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,94
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;17,2
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;16,7
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;16,8
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;16,2
Norway;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;15,7
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2018;59.629
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2017;57.934
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2016;54.601
Norway;Total researchers (head count);2015;52.181
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;38,8
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;38,1
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;37,6
Norway;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;37,4
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,32
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,21
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,03
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,96
Poland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;10
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;9,9
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;8,8
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;6,9
Poland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;6,8
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2018;192.833
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2017;187.905
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2016;132.547
Poland;Total researchers (head count);2015;118.494
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;37,9
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;38,1
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;36,4
Poland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;37
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,4
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,35
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,32
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,28
Portugal;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,24
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;12,4
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;11,8
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;11,5
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;10,8
Portugal;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;10,5
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2019;100.823
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2018;96.123
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2017;89.659
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2016;85.780
Portugal;Total researchers (head count);2015;81.005
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;42,8
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;43,3
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;43,7
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;43,5
Portugal;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;44,1
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,83
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,84
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,89
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,79
Slovak Republic;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,16
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;8,7
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;8,4
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;8
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;7,7
Slovak Republic;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;7,8
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2019;28.851
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2018;28.755
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2017;26.861
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2016;26.720
Slovak Republic;Total researchers (head count);2015;24.396
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;41
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;41,2
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;41,9
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;41,4
Slovak Republic;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;42,2
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,04
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,95
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,87
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,01
Slovenia;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,2
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;16,2
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;15,4
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;14,9
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;15
Slovenia;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;15,1
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2018;15.388
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2017;14.079
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2016;11.282
Slovenia;Total researchers (head count);2015;11.308
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;32,5
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;32,3
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;34,5
Slovenia;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;36,5
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,25
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,24
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,21
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,19
Spain;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,22
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;11,4
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;11,4
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;11,1
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;10,9
Spain;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;10,9
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2018;234.798
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2017;225.995
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2016;218.680
Spain;Total researchers (head count);2015;214.227
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;40,8
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;40,5
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;40,2
Spain;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;40
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,4
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,32
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,36
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,25
Sweden;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3,22
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;17,8
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;18,1
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;17,8
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;18,5
Sweden;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;17,4
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2017;107.042
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Sweden;Total researchers (head count);2015;108.761
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;32,6
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Sweden;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;33,7
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;..
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;..
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,18
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;..
Switzerland;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3,26
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;16,3
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Switzerland;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;16,6
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2017;73.502
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Switzerland;Total researchers (head count);2015;70.834
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;34,9
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Switzerland;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;33,5
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,06
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,03
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,95
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,94
Turkey;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0,88
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;6,6
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;6,1
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;5,5
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;5,1
Turkey;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;4,6
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2019;243.773
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2018;230.030
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2017;210.769
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2016;191.769
Turkey;Total researchers (head count);2015;190.784
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;37
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;36,8
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;37
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;36,7
Turkey;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;37,3
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,76
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,73
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,68
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,66
The United Kingdom;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,65
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14,8
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;14,3
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;13,8
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;13,1
The United Kingdom;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;13,2
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2018;535.477
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2017;520.936
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2016;510.980
The United Kingdom;Total researchers (head count);2015;496.953
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;38,6
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;38,7
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;38,7
The United Kingdom;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;38,6
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,07
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,95
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,85
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,79
The United States;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,72
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
The United States;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
The United States;Total researchers (head count);2015;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
The United States;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;..
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,47
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,42
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,35
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,31
Total OECD;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,31
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;..
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;..
Total OECD;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
Total OECD;Total researchers (head count);2015;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
Total OECD;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,1
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,07
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,03
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,99
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,01
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;14
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;13,7
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;13,2
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,7
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;12,5
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2019;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2018;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2017;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2016;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Total researchers (head count);2015;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
European Union - 27 countries (since 02/01/2020);Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;..
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;..
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;..
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,56
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,53
Argentina;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0,62
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;4,4
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;4,5
Argentina;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;4,4
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2017;84.284
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2016;86.562
Argentina;Total researchers (head count);2015;82.407
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;53,8
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;53
Argentina;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;52,6
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;2,23
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;2,14
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;2,12
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,1
China;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,06
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;5,6
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;5,2
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;5
China;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;4,9
China;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
China;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
China;Total researchers (head count);2017;..
China;Total researchers (head count);2016;..
China;Total researchers (head count);2015;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;..
China;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;..
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;0,48
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,5
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,5
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,48
Romania;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0,49
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;3,7
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;3,7
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;3,8
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;3,8
Romania;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;3,7
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2018;27.471
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2017;27.367
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2016;27.801
Romania;Total researchers (head count);2015;27.253
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;46,2
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;46,7
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;45,8
Romania;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;46,2
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;1,03
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;0,98
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,11
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;1,1
Russian Federation;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;1,1
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;10,5
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;10,5
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;10,8
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;11,1
Russian Federation;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;11,5
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2019;348.221
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2018;347.854
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2017;359.793
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2016;370.379
Russian Federation;Total researchers (head count);2015;379.411
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;39,1
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;39,2
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;39,5
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;40
Russian Federation;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;40,3
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;..
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;1,84
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;1,92
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;2,08
Singapore;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;2,18
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;12,1
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;12,1
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;12,3
Singapore;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;12,4
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2018;43.310
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2017;42.838
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2016;43.177
Singapore;Total researchers (head count);2015;43.159
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;30,8
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;30,7
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;30,7
Singapore;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;30,2
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;..
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;..
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;0,83
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;0,82
South Africa;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;0,8
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;..
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;..
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;2,7
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;2,7
South Africa;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;2,6
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2019;..
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2018;..
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2017;61.840
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2016;56.761
South Africa;Total researchers (head count);2015;51.877
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;..
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;..
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;44,9
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;45,1
South Africa;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;45
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2019;3,5
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2018;3,36
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2017;3,19
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2016;3,09
Chinese Taipei;Total intramural expenditure x 100/GDP market prices;2015;3
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2019;23,6
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2018;22,9
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2017;22,5
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2016;22,2
Chinese Taipei;R&D Personnel (FTE) x 1000/Employees;2015;21,9
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2019;199.144
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2018;193.035
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2017;187.971
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2016;184.898
Chinese Taipei;Total researchers (head count);2015;183.022
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2019;22,7
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2018;22,6
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2017;22,6
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2016;22,3
Chinese Taipei;Women as a percentage of all researchers;2015;22,2