Living Conditions Survey (LCS) 
Poverty risk Rate with fixed threshold  (income year before the interview)
Poverty risk Rate with fixed threshold in 2008 by level of education attained (people aged 16 and over).
Unidades: %
	Poverty risk rate with fixed threshold 2008 (income from the previous year to the interview)																Poverty risk rate with fixed threshold 2008 (including imputed rent) (income from the previous year to the interview)																
	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	
    Total	18,6	19,1	21,5	20,5	23,6	24,7	25,3	28,1	28,7	29,5	26,9	24,8	22,4	19,3	18,4	18,6	15,3	15,2	17,8	17,2	19,8	20,6	21	23,9	25,4	25,3	24,1	21,6	18,7	15,6	15,2	15,1	
    Primary education or lower	29,5	29,2	33	31,5	34,8	36,7	34,8	36,3	37,7	37,8	36,5	34	31,6	28,3	28,1	28,1	21,2	20	23,6	23,5	25,8	26,3	25,4	26,8	29,6	28,1	29	25,8	22,7	19,6	20,3	19,7	
    First stage secondary education	25	24,1	27,1	25,2	29,3	31,7	32,8	37,8	37,7	39,1	34,1	30,6	26,3	22,6	20,3	20,4	21,4	19,7	23,6	22,2	26	27,5	28,7	34,2	35,7	35	32,3	28,1	23,9	19,3	18,6	18,2	
    Second stage secondary education	18,3	19,6	21,5	20,5	22	23,9	23,9	25,8	27,3	27,5	24,8	22,7	18,3	16,4	14,4	14,8	16,1	17,4	19,2	18,6	20,7	21,9	21,3	23,7	25,7	25	24,3	22,4	17,3	15,6	13,7	14,6	
    Higher education	9	10	11	10,3	12,1	10,6	12	13,7	13,3	14,3	11,9	10,5	10,7	7,4	7,3	7,2	7,6	8,2	9,4	8,8	9,8	9,4	10,3	12	12,1	13,8	11,1	9,8	9,8	6,9	6,5	6,5	
    No data recorded	13,9	15,9	33,5	0	30,2	..	..	37,9	0	44,3	0	75,7	32,4	11,6	15,6	30,1	24,4	15,9	33,5	0	30,2	..	..	26,9	0	36,9	0	75,7	25,6	14,1	6,9	30,1	
Notas:
Umbral de pobreza fijo año 2008: es el 60% de la mediana de los ingresos anuales tenidos en el año 2008 por unidad de consumo (escala OCDE modificada), tomando la distribución de personas. Los ingresos por unidad de consumo se obtienen dividiendo los ingresos totales del hogar entre el número de unidades de consumo.

In the Living Conditions Survey, the inputs used for the calculation of variables such as income and at-risk-of-poverty rate always correspond to the previous year.
Educational level attained:
<ul><li>Primary education or lower: This includes illiterate persons</li>
<li>First-stage secondary education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion</li>
<li>Second-stage secondary education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion (including that which requires a second-stage secondary education qualification)</li>
<li>Higher education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion</li></ul>
The definition of household income includes imputed rent. Imputed rent is applied to those households that do not pay complete rent, due to being the homeowners, or to occupying a rented dwelling at a price that is lower than the market price, or free of charge. The value imputed is equivalent to the rent that would be paid on the market for a dwelling that is similar to that occupied, less any rent actually paid. Likewise, the interest on the loans requested for purchasing the main dwelling are deducted from the total household income.
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