Economically Active Population Survey National results Unemployed population who have previously worked and left their last job more than 1 year ago by professional situation in last job, sex and age group. Percentages with regards the total in each age g Units: % Total From 16 to 24 years From 25 to 34 years (current quarter) From 35 to 44 years From 45 to 54 years 55 and more years 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 Both sexes Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Self-employed worker 2.0 3.2 3.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 3.3 3.4 1.8 2.6 4.7 2.0 0.8 1.0 .. 2.5 0.4 2.1 2.0 0.4 1.0 1.1 1.3 0.3 0.7 1.3 .. 0.4 1.0 1.5 2.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 0.9 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.6 2.3 1.2 2.1 4.5 3.6 0.9 2.9 4.6 3.3 5.1 3.7 2.6 2.9 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.4 3.2 2.3 4.1 4.8 2.0 3.4 0.7 3.5 3.6 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.5 4.3 2.6 3.6 2.5 2.7 2.8 4.7 2.8 3.5 2.0 3.8 1.5 4.1 3.8 2.9 2.9 1.9 3.2 3.1 3.4 2.5 3.9 4.0 3.3 2.8 2.8 1.4 3.8 0.2 Wage-earners: total 45.9 46.5 55.7 49.2 41.5 40.4 38.1 36.8 40.2 47.0 53.6 56.7 65.5 70.5 67.6 55.8 53.5 50.9 81.4 81.1 88.6 86.4 80.4 85.0 86.4 77.9 69.2 70.8 70.2 70.8 77.7 83.5 90.7 85.4 82.3 75.9 60.5 63.8 70.5 63.3 52.8 55.6 48.9 46.5 44.8 53.0 57.2 64.3 72.2 78.5 73.3 71.0 68.4 66.5 45.0 46.4 54.2 54.3 45.4 43.3 40.1 36.7 44.6 47.6 55.9 55.7 64.7 70.5 63.8 46.9 46.3 47.1 41.4 44.5 53.5 36.9 34.2 31.7 31.6 32.7 34.9 41.1 49.6 52.0 59.8 59.7 58.5 43.9 43.9 34.5 37.0 32.2 38.5 37.7 31.4 27.7 26.3 24.3 26.6 36.7 38.8 41.8 51.4 55.8 50.3 43.4 35.9 32.4 Public sector wage earner 5.0 5.8 5.7 6.7 5.4 5.4 4.9 5.0 3.4 5.1 5.8 5.7 4.6 4.3 3.8 3.9 5.3 4.5 2.4 3.3 5.3 6.5 6.2 5.6 8.5 7.1 4.6 3.4 7.3 6.5 4.6 3.4 3.4 1.4 1.0 3.0 5.9 8.7 4.5 5.0 6.3 6.8 4.6 4.7 3.8 5.4 6.3 5.5 5.4 4.4 2.7 4.5 7.1 5.9 5.0 3.6 4.7 7.6 4.6 5.4 4.0 5.7 3.2 4.7 4.8 5.6 3.1 4.2 2.7 4.1 5.7 4.9 3.7 6.8 5.0 6.8 4.2 4.0 5.7 5.2 3.7 6.1 7.3 6.4 5.4 5.2 6.9 4.3 5.8 4.8 6.2 5.2 8.8 6.9 6.9 6.2 4.2 3.8 2.6 4.3 3.3 4.3 4.5 4.1 3.9 3.3 2.9 2.1 Private sector wage earner 40.9 40.7 49.9 42.5 36.1 35.0 33.3 31.8 36.8 42.0 47.8 51.0 60.9 66.2 63.8 52.0 48.2 46.3 79.1 77.8 83.3 79.9 74.2 79.5 77.9 70.8 64.6 67.4 62.9 64.3 73.1 80.1 87.4 84.1 81.3 73.0 54.6 55.1 66.0 58.3 46.5 48.9 44.3 41.8 41.1 47.7 50.9 58.8 66.7 74.1 70.5 66.4 61.3 60.7 39.9 42.9 49.5 46.7 40.8 37.9 36.1 31.0 41.5 43.0 51.1 50.1 61.6 66.3 61.1 42.8 40.5 42.2 37.7 37.7 48.5 30.0 29.9 27.6 25.9 27.5 31.1 35.0 42.3 45.6 54.4 54.5 51.6 39.6 38.0 29.7 30.8 27.0 29.7 30.9 24.5 21.5 22.1 20.5 23.9 32.4 35.5 37.5 46.9 51.7 46.4 40.1 32.9 30.2 Wage earners 0.3 0.1 .. 0.1 0.0 0.1 .. 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 .. 0.0 .. 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 0.3 0.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.5 0.3 .. 0.3 0.2 0.3 .. .. .. .. 0.7 .. 0.1 .. .. .. 0.6 0.2 .. 0.4 .. 0.3 .. 0.2 .. .. .. 0.4 0.0 .. .. .. .. 0.3 .. .. 0.2 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. 0.2 .. .. .. 0.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. They have left their last job 3 or more years ago 51.8 50.1 40.7 48.2 56.2 57.3 59.3 60.1 57.3 50.3 43.8 40.8 32.1 26.9 29.1 40.7 44.6 46.5 13.9 16.9 10.6 12.6 19.6 12.5 13.2 19.1 28.4 28.3 28.8 28.1 21.0 16.2 8.5 13.2 17.7 23.7 38.1 34.4 26.6 34.5 45.2 42.1 50.2 51.9 53.3 45.1 40.5 33.4 26.5 19.5 22.2 25.4 30.1 30.3 50.4 49.8 40.8 41.7 52.0 53.6 56.4 60.5 52.9 49.5 41.3 41.9 32.2 27.2 32.1 48.0 51.7 49.4 57.8 52.0 42.9 61.4 63.7 66.1 65.9 63.0 62.4 55.3 47.9 45.3 37.3 35.6 38.6 52.5 54.2 61.6 60.9 63.7 57.8 59.4 65.7 70.4 70.5 72.6 70.0 60.8 57.3 54.2 45.3 41.3 47.0 55.2 60.3 67.4 Males Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Self-employed worker 3.8 5.3 4.5 4.0 2.5 2.6 3.4 4.5 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 4.4 4.3 2.0 3.7 9.9 3.6 1.7 2.0 .. 2.8 .. 4.1 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 .. 1.3 1.1 .. 0.9 1.3 2.9 1.6 2.8 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.6 1.7 2.9 2.0 2.8 5.7 6.2 0.6 4.8 10.7 3.9 6.8 5.9 2.9 2.6 6.0 4.9 3.4 2.3 4.0 2.8 5.1 3.8 4.7 5.2 3.3 4.5 0.2 5.7 5.6 2.8 1.9 3.6 3.2 5.8 3.9 4.8 3.4 3.6 4.2 4.2 5.7 5.1 2.1 7.2 3.0 7.8 4.6 4.6 4.5 1.8 3.4 4.5 3.4 2.6 5.7 5.5 2.9 4.0 3.2 2.2 3.4 0.4 Wage-earners: total 49.8 48.9 60.8 50.8 44.8 44.3 40.8 37.9 41.1 49.8 57.7 60.9 72.6 80.6 78.9 69.8 60.6 55.9 81.4 78.4 92.8 85.6 81.8 88.7 87.5 76.0 64.9 66.6 66.8 65.2 76.6 84.1 93.6 86.7 88.5 78.4 69.8 61.0 75.3 67.5 54.1 59.1 52.9 45.4 42.0 53.9 57.8 65.2 76.9 83.6 78.6 78.4 73.2 69.6 42.6 49.8 52.6 51.5 50.4 52.8 37.0 40.6 44.6 52.1 63.4 59.8 74.3 83.5 79.5 70.9 53.2 57.8 48.4 50.0 60.9 41.0 38.3 32.5 37.0 33.8 39.5 44.8 56.0 61.8 69.2 75.7 74.5 57.7 58.6 39.1 38.5 33.8 46.3 37.6 33.2 31.9 29.8 25.4 30.7 40.5 45.3 49.4 62.9 71.3 62.8 55.5 39.5 40.3 Public sector wage earner 5.6 6.4 5.8 5.7 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.7 3.3 4.4 5.5 4.3 4.0 3.3 3.4 4.7 3.6 6.1 2.2 .. 5.3 4.8 7.8 6.1 12.5 3.3 5.6 3.1 9.0 5.1 5.1 2.8 4.5 2.4 2.5 3.4 7.2 8.1 4.1 2.5 5.5 3.9 5.2 3.9 3.5 6.2 5.9 4.7 4.7 2.9 2.7 7.3 2.0 6.7 5.2 5.7 2.3 5.7 3.9 3.5 2.8 5.6 1.8 3.8 4.3 4.1 1.9 2.3 1.9 5.0 1.8 8.3 3.6 8.2 4.4 6.5 4.1 5.2 6.1 5.3 4.1 4.5 5.9 4.3 4.8 4.1 4.7 4.7 7.5 7.7 7.4 5.6 11.5 7.4 6.4 6.7 4.5 3.9 2.8 3.5 3.7 3.3 3.3 5.2 4.2 2.6 3.4 3.6 Private sector wage earner 44.2 42.5 55.1 45.1 39.7 39.3 35.7 33.2 37.8 45.4 52.2 56.6 68.7 77.3 75.5 65.0 57.0 49.8 79.2 78.4 87.5 80.8 74.0 82.6 75.0 72.7 59.2 63.5 57.8 60.0 71.5 81.2 89.0 84.3 86.0 75.1 62.6 52.9 71.2 65.0 48.6 55.1 47.7 41.5 38.5 47.7 51.9 60.5 72.2 80.7 75.9 71.1 71.2 62.9 37.4 44.1 50.4 45.9 46.4 49.2 34.2 34.9 42.8 48.3 59.1 55.7 72.3 81.2 77.5 65.9 51.4 49.5 44.8 41.8 56.5 34.5 34.1 27.3 30.9 28.4 35.4 40.4 50.1 57.5 64.4 71.6 69.7 53.0 51.1 31.4 31.1 28.3 34.7 30.1 26.7 25.2 25.4 21.5 27.9 37.0 41.6 46.1 59.6 66.1 58.6 52.8 36.1 36.6 Wage earners 0.4 0.3 .. .. .. 0.1 .. .. 0.0 0.1 0.3 .. .. .. .. 0.3 .. 0.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.6 0.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.4 .. .. .. 0.8 .. .. .. .. 1.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.6 .. 1.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.4 0.1 .. .. .. .. 1.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. They have left their last job 3 or more years ago 46.0 45.5 34.7 45.3 52.6 53.0 55.8 57.6 55.6 47.1 38.8 35.9 24.2 16.4 16.7 25.7 37.4 40.3 8.6 18.0 5.5 12.4 18.2 8.5 12.5 19.8 33.4 32.1 32.2 33.9 22.5 15.9 5.2 12.2 11.5 20.7 28.9 35.7 23.1 29.7 44.9 38.7 45.4 52.1 55.5 43.4 39.3 32.0 21.1 13.6 15.7 15.4 26.2 25.0 46.8 45.3 40.6 42.5 46.7 44.6 57.0 54.6 52.0 45.2 32.6 37.4 20.6 12.7 15.8 22.7 43.6 37.7 51.4 44.3 33.5 56.2 59.8 63.9 59.8 60.5 56.5 50.3 40.6 34.6 26.6 20.1 19.8 37.2 39.3 53.8 57.2 58.4 49.1 57.8 62.3 66.3 66.8 70.2 65.8 56.9 49.0 45.1 34.2 24.7 34.0 42.3 57.1 59.4 Females Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Self-employed worker 0.7 1.7 3.1 1.4 2.1 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.5 2.0 2.4 2.8 1.6 1.9 .. .. .. .. .. 2.1 0.9 .. 3.1 .. 0.9 1.4 1.7 0.8 .. 1.6 .. .. 0.7 0.5 4.0 1.2 2.5 2.3 0.2 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.7 0.4 1.2 3.3 2.1 1.1 1.9 1.0 3.0 4.0 2.4 2.5 3.0 2.0 1.4 1.8 2.7 1.7 2.0 1.6 1.1 3.7 4.6 1.4 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.4 1.1 2.3 1.2 2.0 3.1 1.5 2.3 1.6 1.8 1.4 5.3 0.7 2.5 1.9 2.3 0.4 1.1 3.1 1.3 1.3 1.9 3.0 1.4 3.3 2.4 1.4 2.4 4.0 1.3 2.3 0.7 4.2 .. Wage-earners: total 43.2 44.7 52.0 48.1 39.1 37.3 36.1 35.9 39.4 44.2 49.3 52.1 58.1 59.3 57.8 47.4 49.3 48.0 81.4 84.5 84.9 87.3 78.5 80.9 85.1 79.9 74.2 77.0 74.9 78.4 78.9 82.7 86.9 83.8 78.2 74.3 53.3 65.9 66.7 59.9 51.9 53.3 45.4 47.4 47.2 52.1 56.5 63.2 66.8 72.2 67.6 66.5 65.8 64.9 46.4 44.3 55.1 55.9 42.6 37.5 41.9 34.1 44.7 43.8 49.7 52.0 57.0 58.8 54.0 38.3 43.3 43.0 36.4 40.7 48.8 34.4 31.4 31.0 28.0 31.9 30.6 37.5 43.2 42.0 49.9 44.1 47.1 35.0 35.4 32.4 35.9 30.9 32.2 37.9 29.8 23.9 22.3 23.1 21.3 31.3 29.7 33.1 35.2 36.1 39.5 34.0 32.4 21.2 Public sector wage earner 4.6 5.3 5.7 7.4 5.5 5.7 4.7 5.4 3.6 5.8 6.2 7.2 5.3 5.5 4.1 3.4 6.3 3.7 2.5 7.5 5.4 8.4 3.9 5.0 4.0 11.2 3.3 3.9 4.9 8.3 4.0 4.2 1.9 .. .. 2.7 4.8 9.1 4.9 7.1 6.8 8.7 4.0 5.4 4.0 4.5 6.8 6.4 6.3 6.2 2.7 2.9 9.8 5.4 4.9 2.2 6.1 8.8 5.0 6.5 4.7 5.7 4.1 5.5 5.2 7.1 4.0 5.8 3.1 3.8 7.5 3.6 3.8 5.9 5.3 7.0 4.3 3.2 5.5 5.1 3.3 7.8 8.7 8.5 6.0 6.3 8.4 4.1 4.9 3.5 5.4 4.8 6.6 6.4 7.4 5.8 3.8 3.8 2.4 5.4 2.7 5.3 6.3 2.7 3.6 3.9 2.4 .. Private sector wage earner 38.6 39.4 46.3 40.7 33.6 31.6 31.4 30.5 35.8 38.4 43.1 45.0 52.8 53.8 53.8 44.1 43.1 44.3 78.9 77.0 79.5 78.9 74.6 75.9 81.1 68.7 70.9 73.1 70.0 70.1 74.9 78.5 85.0 83.8 78.2 71.6 48.5 56.8 61.8 52.8 45.0 44.5 41.4 42.0 43.2 47.6 49.7 56.8 60.6 66.0 64.9 63.7 56.0 59.5 41.5 42.1 49.0 47.1 37.6 31.0 37.2 28.4 40.5 38.3 44.5 45.0 53.1 53.0 50.8 34.5 35.7 39.4 32.6 34.8 43.5 27.4 27.1 27.8 22.5 26.8 27.3 29.7 34.5 33.5 43.9 37.8 38.7 30.9 30.5 28.9 30.5 26.0 25.6 31.6 22.4 18.1 18.5 19.3 18.9 25.9 27.0 27.7 28.9 33.4 35.9 30.1 30.0 21.2 Wage earners 0.2 0.0 .. 0.2 0.0 0.1 .. 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 .. 0.0 .. 0.1 .. 0.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.7 .. 0.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.9 0.2 .. 0.5 0.3 .. .. .. .. .. 0.1 .. 0.2 .. .. .. 0.9 .. .. .. .. 0.4 .. 0.4 .. .. .. 0.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.3 0.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1 .. .. .. .. .. 0.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. They have left their last job 3 or more years ago 55.9 53.6 44.9 50.3 58.8 60.5 62.1 62.3 58.7 53.7 49.2 46.0 40.3 38.6 39.7 49.7 48.8 50.1 18.6 15.5 15.1 12.7 21.5 16.9 14.0 18.3 22.7 22.7 24.2 20.2 19.4 16.6 13.1 14.6 21.8 25.7 45.1 33.4 29.4 38.4 45.4 44.4 54.4 51.6 51.5 46.8 41.8 35.1 32.6 26.6 29.0 31.4 32.2 33.2 52.6 52.7 40.9 41.2 54.9 59.1 56.1 64.6 53.5 53.1 48.6 46.0 41.3 40.1 42.3 57.1 55.3 53.9 62.3 57.3 48.8 64.5 66.4 67.8 69.9 65.1 67.9 60.3 55.3 56.2 48.7 50.6 51.9 62.5 62.7 65.3 63.7 68.1 64.7 60.8 68.9 74.2 74.7 75.4 75.3 66.3 68.8 64.6 60.8 62.6 58.1 65.2 63.5 78.8 Notes: Los datos de 2006 a 2020 están calculados según la base poblacional 2011. Desde 2021 se utiliza la base 2021 Source: National Statistics Institute