Living Conditions Survey (LCS) 
Poverty
Risk of poverty or social exclusion (Europe 2030 target) by level of education achieved (persons aged 16 and over).
Unidades: %
	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016	2015	2014	
        Total	
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate	25,2	24,9	26,9	26,1	25,3	26,8	26,7	28,1	28	29,2	
        Primary education or lower	
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate	36,7	36,1	38,4	38	34,7	37,6	35,1	34,5	33,5	34,9	
        First stage secondary education	
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate	33,5	31,5	34,4	33,4	32,8	34,7	35,3	38,3	38,9	39,6	
        Second stage secondary education	
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate	25,7	25,4	27,2	26,3	24	26,1	25,6	26,5	27	27,6	
        Higher education	
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate	13,3	14,1	14,9	13,5	13,4	12,6	13,1	14,5	13,6	15,2	
        No data recorded	
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate	29,8	24,3	37,8	0	30,2	..	..	29	5,3	47,4	
Notas:
In the Living Conditions Survey, the inputs used for the calculation of variables such as income and at-risk-of-poverty rate always correspond to the previous year.
Educational level attained: 
Primary education or lower: This includes illiterate persons

First-stage secondary education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion

Second-stage secondary education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion (including that which requires a second-stage secondary education qualification)

Higher education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion
The population at risk of poverty or social exclusion is that which is in one of these situations:

- At risk of poverty (60% of the median income per consumption unit). 

- With severe material deprivation (with deprivation in at least 4 concepts from a list of 9).

- In households without employment, or with low employment intensity (households in which the members of working age did so for less than 20% of their work potential during the reference year). 

Fuente: