Economically Active Population Survey
National results
Unemployed population who have previously worked and left their last job more than 1 year ago by professional situation in last job, sex and age group. Absolute values
Units: Thousands Persons
,Total,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,From 16 to 24 years,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,From 25 to 34 years (current quarter),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,From 35 to 44 years,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,From 45 to 54 years,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,55 and more years,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,2023,2022,2021,2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,2008,2007,2006,2023,2022,2021,2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,2008,2007,2006,2023,2022,2021,2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,2008,2007,2006,2023,2022,2021,2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,2008,2007,2006,2023,2022,2021,2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,2008,2007,2006,2023,2022,2021,2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,2013,2012,2011,2010,2009,2008,2007,2006,
Both sexes,
                Total,1,073.4,1,321.8,1,489.1,1,232.7,1,247.2,1,402.4,1,687.6,2,037.0,2,445.4,2,777.9,2,912.4,2,552.2,2,195.2,1,829.7,1,198.7,646.1,559.9,526.2,49.6,62.8,101.8,70.0,58.3,66.1,71.2,86.6,136.6,193.3,253.1,237.6,242.5,238.4,173.4,68.3,51.8,55.1,178.7,217.0,279.2,229.2,199.4,246.2,312.9,409.6,518.9,620.0,745.5,663.3,607.9,522.0,319.2,160.7,148.0,150.2,230.8,300.5,341.0,311.2,315.0,342.0,430.9,549.6,681.6,798.0,795.4,707.4,588.2,477.9,329.1,184.5,151.6,133.5,306.3,383.0,414.7,323.4,387.1,438.1,505.6,587.9,686.9,748.5,728.1,617.6,499.0,376.6,233.3,146.1,131.5,109.7,308.0,358.5,352.5,298.8,287.4,309.9,366.9,403.4,421.4,418.1,390.4,326.3,257.5,214.8,143.7,86.5,76.9,77.7,
                Self-employed worker,21.4,42.6,54.6,30.8,28.4,31.9,42.4,61.3,61.4,69.9,69.8,64.6,52.2,46.6,39.8,21.9,9.9,13.5,2.3,1.3,0.8,0.7,..,1.6,0.3,1.8,2.8,0.8,2.4,2.7,3.1,0.7,1.3,0.9,..,0.2,1.7,3.3,8.2,4.4,3.7,4.8,2.8,6.9,9.6,11.7,12.2,15.3,7.5,10.7,14.5,5.8,1.4,4.4,10.7,10.0,17.3,11.5,8.3,9.8,15.0,15.3,16.8,20.2,21.8,16.8,18.7,11.2,13.5,8.8,3.0,4.6,2.1,13.4,15.0,5.6,8.2,10.0,12.6,25.0,18.2,26.7,18.1,16.8,14.2,17.9,6.6,5.2,2.6,4.2,4.6,14.6,13.3,8.6,8.2,5.8,11.7,12.3,14.1,10.6,15.3,13.1,8.6,6.1,4.0,1.2,2.9,0.2,
                Wage-earners: total,492.9,614.7,829.2,606.7,517.7,565.9,643.6,749.8,982.9,1,307.0,1,561.7,1,446.1,1,438.3,1,290.2,810.0,360.8,299.3,267.7,40.4,50.9,90.2,60.5,46.9,56.2,61.5,67.5,94.5,136.8,177.7,168.2,188.4,199.1,157.3,58.4,42.6,41.9,108.0,138.5,196.8,145.1,105.3,137.0,152.9,190.3,232.6,328.9,426.6,426.2,438.8,409.7,233.9,114.0,101.2,99.9,103.8,139.6,184.7,169.1,143.0,148.1,172.9,201.6,304.2,380.2,444.8,394.4,380.3,336.8,210.0,86.6,70.2,62.9,126.7,170.4,221.8,119.2,132.3,138.7,159.8,192.3,239.5,307.8,361.2,321.0,298.5,224.8,136.5,64.2,57.7,37.9,114.0,115.4,135.6,112.8,90.3,85.9,96.5,98.1,112.0,153.3,151.4,136.3,132.3,119.9,72.2,37.6,27.6,25.1,
                Public sector wage earner,53.9,76.2,85.6,82.4,67.0,75.7,81.9,102.7,84.1,141.2,169.7,145.1,100.9,79.3,45.0,25.0,29.6,23.9,1.2,2.1,5.4,4.6,3.6,3.7,6.0,6.2,6.3,6.6,18.4,15.4,11.1,8.0,5.9,0.9,0.5,1.6,10.5,18.8,12.6,11.5,12.5,16.7,14.3,19.3,19.6,33.4,47.1,36.4,33.1,22.9,8.7,7.3,10.4,8.8,11.6,10.7,15.9,23.8,14.6,18.4,17.3,31.1,21.6,37.4,38.3,39.9,18.1,20.0,8.8,7.5,8.7,6.5,11.4,26.1,20.6,22.1,16.4,17.7,29.0,30.7,25.6,45.9,53.0,39.5,26.9,19.6,16.0,6.4,7.7,5.3,19.2,18.5,31.1,20.5,19.9,19.3,15.3,15.5,11.1,17.8,12.8,13.9,11.6,8.9,5.6,2.9,2.2,1.6,
                Private sector wage earner,439.0,538.5,743.6,524.3,450.7,490.2,561.7,647.1,898.8,1,165.8,1,392.0,1,300.9,1,337.5,1,210.9,765.0,335.8,269.7,243.8,39.2,48.8,84.8,55.9,43.3,52.5,55.5,61.3,88.3,130.2,159.3,152.8,177.2,191.1,151.5,57.4,42.1,40.2,97.5,119.7,184.3,133.7,92.8,120.4,138.6,171.0,213.0,295.5,379.4,389.8,405.8,386.8,225.2,106.8,90.8,91.1,92.2,128.9,168.8,145.3,128.4,129.7,155.6,170.6,282.7,342.8,406.5,354.5,362.2,316.8,201.2,79.0,61.5,56.4,115.3,144.2,201.2,97.2,115.8,121.0,130.8,161.7,213.9,261.9,308.2,281.5,271.6,205.2,120.4,57.9,50.0,32.6,94.8,96.9,104.6,92.3,70.4,66.6,81.2,82.6,100.9,135.4,138.5,122.4,120.7,111.1,66.7,34.7,25.3,23.5,
                Wage earners,3.1,1.9,..,1.5,0.3,1.6,..,0.7,0.9,4.0,5.3,..,0.5,..,0.4,0.6,0.9,0.3,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.7,0.5,1.0,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.9,0.6,..,0.7,0.3,0.8,..,..,..,..,5.0,..,0.5,..,..,..,0.9,0.3,..,1.1,..,0.8,..,0.8,..,..,..,3.0,0.2,..,..,..,..,0.6,..,..,0.5,0.1,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.2,..,..,..,..,..,0.4,..,..,..,1.8,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.2,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,
                They have left their last job 3 or more years ago,556.0,662.7,605.3,593.7,700.8,803.0,1,001.6,1,225.1,1,400.2,1,397.0,1,275.7,1,041.5,704.2,492.8,348.7,262.9,249.8,244.6,6.9,10.6,10.8,8.8,11.4,8.3,9.4,16.5,38.8,54.7,72.9,66.7,51.0,38.6,14.8,9.1,9.2,13.1,68.1,74.7,74.2,79.0,90.1,103.7,157.2,212.4,276.7,279.4,301.7,221.8,161.1,101.6,70.9,40.9,44.5,45.6,116.3,149.8,139.0,129.8,163.8,183.4,243.0,332.7,360.6,394.6,328.6,296.3,189.1,129.9,105.6,88.5,78.4,66.0,177.0,199.1,177.9,198.6,246.6,289.5,333.3,370.6,429.0,414.0,348.7,279.8,186.3,134.0,90.0,76.7,71.2,67.6,187.7,228.5,203.5,177.4,188.9,218.2,258.7,293.0,295.1,254.3,223.8,176.9,116.6,88.8,67.5,47.7,46.4,52.4,
Males,
                Total,444.4,562.1,619.6,517.1,525.9,606.1,736.1,938.1,1,158.1,1,424.1,1,506.8,1,316.3,1,122.6,963.0,554.2,243.6,204.6,192.8,23.4,35.1,48.0,36.1,34.0,34.6,37.2,44.7,73.7,115.4,146.7,136.9,131.7,143.2,100.2,38.9,20.6,22.0,77.1,92.7,124.8,103.2,83.7,101.0,144.9,196.6,239.8,321.5,406.5,357.0,323.5,287.8,163.6,60.1,52.0,53.2,87.2,116.7,128.8,114.5,112.2,130.1,158.0,222.2,280.6,370.9,360.7,338.4,260.6,225.8,126.9,49.0,46.5,37.1,125.9,156.4,160.4,121.0,156.6,192.4,201.2,259.7,328.4,372.6,365.7,311.0,256.3,185.6,97.0,57.6,48.1,35.1,130.8,161.1,157.6,142.2,139.4,148.0,194.7,214.9,235.6,243.7,227.1,173.1,150.5,120.5,66.5,38.0,37.5,45.4,
                Self-employed worker,16.7,30.0,27.9,20.4,13.4,15.5,25.0,42.0,37.3,42.3,48.0,41.7,35.9,29.1,24.2,10.4,4.1,7.1,2.3,1.3,0.8,0.7,..,1.0,..,1.8,0.8,0.8,1.5,1.3,1.2,..,1.3,0.4,..,0.2,1.0,2.6,2.1,2.9,0.8,1.4,2.4,4.8,6.0,8.5,6.8,10.2,6.3,8.0,9.3,3.7,0.3,2.5,9.3,4.6,8.8,6.8,3.3,3.4,9.5,10.8,9.5,8.6,14.4,9.5,13.4,8.6,5.9,2.5,1.5,1.7,0.2,8.9,9.0,3.4,3.0,7.0,6.4,14.9,12.9,18.0,12.5,11.2,10.7,7.7,5.6,2.9,1.0,2.5,3.9,12.5,7.2,6.6,6.3,2.7,6.6,9.6,8.1,6.3,12.9,9.5,4.3,4.8,2.1,0.8,1.3,0.2,
                Wage-earners: total,221.3,274.9,376.9,262.6,235.8,268.8,300.2,355.6,475.9,709.1,869.4,802.0,815.2,776.0,437.2,169.9,124.0,107.7,19.0,27.5,44.5,30.9,27.8,30.7,32.6,34.0,47.8,76.8,98.0,89.2,100.9,120.4,93.8,33.7,18.2,17.3,53.8,56.5,93.9,69.6,45.3,59.7,76.6,89.3,100.8,173.3,235.2,232.7,248.8,240.6,128.6,47.1,38.0,37.0,37.1,58.2,67.8,59.0,56.5,68.6,58.5,90.1,125.1,193.3,228.6,202.3,193.5,188.6,100.9,34.7,24.7,21.4,61.0,78.2,97.8,49.6,59.9,62.5,74.5,87.7,129.8,167.0,204.8,192.2,177.4,140.5,72.2,33.3,28.2,13.7,50.4,54.5,73.0,53.4,46.2,47.2,58.1,54.5,72.4,98.6,102.8,85.6,94.6,85.9,41.7,21.1,14.8,18.3,
                Public sector wage earner,24.9,36.0,35.8,29.2,27.1,30.5,37.6,43.9,37.7,62.7,82.6,56.7,44.4,31.6,18.7,11.5,7.3,11.7,0.5,..,2.5,1.7,2.7,2.1,4.7,1.5,4.2,3.6,13.2,7.0,6.7,4.1,4.5,0.9,0.5,0.7,5.6,7.5,5.1,2.5,4.6,4.0,7.6,7.7,8.4,19.9,24.1,16.8,15.3,8.5,4.4,4.4,1.0,3.6,4.5,6.7,2.9,6.5,4.4,4.6,4.4,12.5,5.0,14.1,15.5,13.8,5.1,5.3,2.5,2.4,0.8,3.1,4.6,12.8,7.1,7.9,6.5,9.9,12.3,13.8,13.6,16.6,21.5,13.3,12.4,7.5,4.6,2.7,3.6,2.7,9.7,8.9,18.2,10.6,9.0,9.9,8.7,8.4,6.6,8.5,8.4,5.8,4.9,6.3,2.8,1.0,1.3,1.6,
                Private sector wage earner,196.4,238.9,341.1,233.4,208.7,238.3,262.6,311.8,438.2,646.3,786.7,745.3,770.8,744.4,418.4,158.4,116.7,96.0,18.5,27.5,42.0,29.2,25.2,28.6,27.9,32.5,43.7,73.3,84.8,82.2,94.1,116.3,89.2,32.8,17.7,16.5,48.2,49.0,88.8,67.1,40.7,55.7,69.0,81.6,92.4,153.4,211.1,215.9,233.5,232.1,124.2,42.7,37.0,33.4,32.6,51.5,64.9,52.6,52.1,64.0,54.1,77.6,120.1,179.1,213.1,188.5,188.4,183.3,98.4,32.3,23.9,18.3,56.5,65.3,90.7,41.7,53.5,52.6,62.2,73.9,116.2,150.4,183.3,178.9,165.0,133.0,67.6,30.5,24.6,11.0,40.7,45.6,54.8,42.8,37.3,37.3,49.4,46.1,65.8,90.2,94.5,79.8,89.7,79.6,39.0,20.1,13.5,16.6,
                Wage earners,1.8,1.5,..,..,..,0.8,..,..,0.5,2.1,5.0,..,..,..,..,0.6,..,0.3,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.5,0.7,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.4,..,..,..,0.8,..,..,..,..,4.7,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.3,..,1.1,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1.3,0.2,..,..,..,..,0.6,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,1.8,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,
                They have left their last job 3 or more years ago,204.6,255.7,214.8,234.1,276.8,321.1,410.8,540.5,644.5,670.7,584.4,472.6,271.4,157.9,92.8,62.6,76.5,77.7,2.0,6.3,2.6,4.5,6.2,2.9,4.6,8.9,24.6,37.0,47.2,46.4,29.6,22.8,5.2,4.8,2.4,4.6,22.3,33.1,28.8,30.7,37.6,39.1,65.8,102.6,133.1,139.7,159.9,114.1,68.4,39.3,25.7,9.3,13.6,13.3,40.8,52.9,52.2,48.7,52.4,58.0,90.0,121.3,146.0,167.7,117.5,126.5,53.7,28.7,20.1,11.1,20.3,14.0,64.7,69.3,53.7,68.0,93.6,122.9,120.3,157.1,185.7,187.6,148.5,107.6,68.2,37.4,19.2,21.4,18.9,18.9,74.8,94.1,77.4,82.3,86.9,98.1,130.0,150.7,155.1,138.7,111.4,78.0,51.5,29.8,22.6,16.1,21.4,27.0,
Females,
                Total,629.0,759.8,869.5,715.5,721.3,796.3,951.5,1,098.9,1,287.3,1,353.8,1,405.7,1,235.9,1,072.6,866.7,644.6,402.5,355.2,333.4,26.3,27.7,53.8,33.9,24.3,31.4,34.0,41.9,63.0,77.8,106.4,100.7,110.9,95.2,73.2,29.4,31.2,33.1,101.6,124.3,154.4,126.0,115.7,145.2,168.0,212.9,279.1,298.5,338.9,306.4,284.4,234.2,155.6,100.6,96.1,97.0,143.6,183.8,212.2,196.7,202.8,212.0,272.9,327.4,400.9,427.1,434.6,369.1,327.6,252.0,202.2,135.5,105.1,96.4,180.4,226.6,254.3,202.4,230.6,245.7,304.4,328.2,358.5,375.9,362.3,306.5,242.7,191.0,136.4,88.5,83.4,74.7,177.2,197.4,194.8,156.6,148.0,162.0,172.2,188.5,185.8,174.5,163.3,153.3,107.0,94.3,77.2,48.5,39.4,32.2,
                Self-employed worker,4.7,12.6,26.7,10.3,15.1,16.4,17.4,19.4,24.1,27.6,21.8,22.9,16.2,17.5,15.5,11.4,5.8,6.5,..,..,..,..,..,0.7,0.3,..,2.0,..,1.0,1.4,1.9,0.7,..,0.5,..,..,0.7,0.6,6.1,1.5,2.9,3.3,0.3,2.1,3.6,3.2,5.4,5.1,1.2,2.8,5.2,2.1,1.1,1.8,1.4,5.5,8.5,4.7,5.0,6.4,5.5,4.5,7.3,11.5,7.4,7.3,5.4,2.6,7.5,6.3,1.5,2.9,1.9,4.5,6.0,2.1,5.2,2.9,6.2,10.1,5.3,8.6,5.6,5.5,3.5,10.1,1.0,2.2,1.6,1.7,0.7,2.1,6.0,2.0,1.9,3.1,5.1,2.7,6.1,4.3,2.4,3.6,4.3,1.3,1.8,0.4,1.6,..,
                Wage-earners: total,271.6,339.8,452.3,344.1,281.9,297.2,343.4,394.1,507.0,597.9,692.3,644.0,623.1,514.3,372.8,190.8,175.3,160.0,21.4,23.4,45.7,29.6,19.1,25.4,29.0,33.5,46.7,60.0,79.7,79.0,87.5,78.7,63.6,24.6,24.4,24.6,54.2,82.0,103.0,75.5,60.0,77.3,76.3,100.9,131.8,155.6,191.4,193.6,190.0,169.1,105.2,66.9,63.2,62.9,66.7,81.4,116.9,110.0,86.4,79.5,114.4,111.5,179.1,187.0,216.2,192.0,186.8,148.2,109.2,51.8,45.5,41.5,65.7,92.2,124.0,69.6,72.3,76.2,85.3,104.6,109.7,140.8,156.5,128.8,121.1,84.3,64.3,30.9,29.5,24.2,63.6,60.9,62.7,59.4,44.0,38.7,38.4,43.6,39.6,54.6,48.5,50.7,37.7,34.1,30.5,16.5,12.8,6.8,
                Public sector wage earner,29.0,40.3,49.8,53.2,39.8,45.2,44.3,58.8,46.4,78.4,87.1,88.4,56.4,47.7,26.2,13.5,22.3,12.2,0.6,2.1,2.9,2.8,1.0,1.6,1.4,4.7,2.1,3.1,5.2,8.4,4.4,4.0,1.4,..,..,0.9,4.9,11.3,7.5,8.9,7.9,12.7,6.8,11.6,11.2,13.5,23.1,19.7,17.8,14.4,4.3,2.9,9.4,5.3,7.1,4.0,13.0,17.3,10.1,13.8,12.9,18.6,16.6,23.3,22.8,26.0,13.0,14.7,6.4,5.1,7.9,3.4,6.8,13.3,13.5,14.2,10.0,7.8,16.7,16.8,12.0,29.2,31.5,26.2,14.5,12.0,11.4,3.6,4.1,2.6,9.5,9.6,12.9,9.9,10.9,9.4,6.5,7.1,4.5,9.4,4.4,8.2,6.7,2.6,2.8,1.9,0.9,..,
                Private sector wage earner,242.6,299.6,402.5,290.9,242.0,251.9,299.1,335.3,460.7,519.5,605.2,555.7,566.7,466.5,346.6,177.3,153.0,147.8,20.7,21.3,42.8,26.7,18.1,23.9,27.6,28.8,44.6,56.9,74.5,70.6,83.1,74.7,62.2,24.6,24.4,23.7,49.3,70.7,95.5,66.6,52.1,64.7,69.5,89.4,120.7,142.1,168.3,173.9,172.2,154.6,101.0,64.0,53.7,57.7,59.6,77.4,104.0,92.7,76.3,65.7,101.5,92.9,162.5,163.7,193.4,166.0,173.8,133.5,102.8,46.7,37.6,38.0,58.9,78.9,110.5,55.4,62.4,68.4,68.6,87.8,97.7,111.5,124.9,102.6,106.6,72.2,52.8,27.3,25.4,21.6,54.1,51.3,49.8,49.4,33.2,29.4,31.9,36.4,35.1,45.3,44.1,42.5,31.0,31.5,27.7,14.6,11.8,6.8,
                Wage earners,1.4,0.3,..,1.5,0.3,0.8,..,0.7,0.4,1.9,0.3,..,0.5,..,0.4,..,0.9,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.7,..,0.2,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.9,0.2,..,0.7,0.3,..,..,..,..,..,0.3,..,0.5,..,..,..,0.9,..,..,..,..,0.8,..,0.8,..,..,..,1.7,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.5,0.1,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.2,..,..,..,..,..,0.4,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,0.2,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,..,
                They have left their last job 3 or more years ago,351.4,407.0,390.5,359.6,424.0,481.9,590.7,684.7,755.7,726.4,691.3,568.9,432.7,334.9,255.9,200.3,173.3,166.9,4.9,4.3,8.1,4.3,5.2,5.3,4.7,7.7,14.3,17.6,25.8,20.3,21.5,15.8,9.6,4.3,6.8,8.5,45.8,41.5,45.3,48.3,52.5,64.5,91.4,109.8,143.6,139.7,141.8,107.7,92.7,62.4,45.2,31.6,30.9,32.3,75.5,96.9,86.7,81.1,111.3,125.3,153.0,211.4,214.6,227.0,211.0,169.8,135.4,101.2,85.5,77.4,58.2,52.0,112.3,129.8,124.2,130.6,153.0,166.6,212.9,213.5,243.3,226.5,200.2,172.2,118.1,96.6,70.8,55.3,52.3,48.8,112.9,134.4,126.1,95.2,102.0,120.1,128.7,142.3,140.0,115.6,112.4,98.9,65.0,59.0,44.9,31.7,25.0,25.4,
Notes:
Los datos de 2006 a 2020 están calculados según la base poblacional 2011. Desde 2021 se utiliza la base 2021
Source: National Statistics Institute