Living Conditions Survey (LCS) 
Poverty
Risk of poverty or social exclusion (Europe 2030 target) by level of education achieved (persons aged 16 and over).
Unidades: %
,2023,2022,2021,2020,2019,2018,2017,2016,2015,2014,
        Total,
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate,25,2,24,9,26,9,26,1,25,3,26,8,26,7,28,1,28,29,2,
        Primary education or lower,
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate,36,7,36,1,38,4,38,34,7,37,6,35,1,34,5,33,5,34,9,
        First stage secondary education,
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate,33,5,31,5,34,4,33,4,32,8,34,7,35,3,38,3,38,9,39,6,
        Second stage secondary education,
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate,25,7,25,4,27,2,26,3,24,26,1,25,6,26,5,27,27,6,
        Higher education,
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate,13,3,14,1,14,9,13,5,13,4,12,6,13,1,14,5,13,6,15,2,
        No data recorded,
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate,29,8,24,3,37,8,0,30,2,..,..,29,5,3,47,4,
Notas:
In the Living Conditions Survey, the inputs used for the calculation of variables such as income and at-risk-of-poverty rate always correspond to the previous year.
Educational level attained: 
Primary education or lower: This includes illiterate persons

First-stage secondary education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion

Second-stage secondary education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion (including that which requires a second-stage secondary education qualification)

Higher education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion
The population at risk of poverty or social exclusion is that which is in one of these situations:

- At risk of poverty (60% of the median income per consumption unit). 

- With severe material deprivation (with deprivation in at least 4 concepts from a list of 9).

- In households without employment, or with low employment intensity (households in which the members of working age did so for less than 20% of their work potential during the reference year). 

Fuente: