Living Conditions Survey (LCS) 
Poverty
Risk of poverty or social exclusion (Europe 2030 target) by level of education achieved (persons aged 16 and over).
Unidades: %
;2023;2022;2021;2020;2019;2018;2017;2016;2015;2014;
        Total;
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate;25,2;24,9;26,9;26,1;25,3;26,8;26,7;28,1;28;29,2;
        Primary education or lower;
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate;36,7;36,1;38,4;38;34,7;37,6;35,1;34,5;33,5;34,9;
        First stage secondary education;
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate;33,5;31,5;34,4;33,4;32,8;34,7;35,3;38,3;38,9;39,6;
        Second stage secondary education;
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate;25,7;25,4;27,2;26,3;24;26,1;25,6;26,5;27;27,6;
        Higher education;
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate;13,3;14,1;14,9;13,5;13,4;12,6;13,1;14,5;13,6;15,2;
        No data recorded;
            At-risk-of-poverty or social exclusion rate;29,8;24,3;37,8;0;30,2;..;..;29;5,3;47,4;
Notas:
In the Living Conditions Survey, the inputs used for the calculation of variables such as income and at-risk-of-poverty rate always correspond to the previous year.
Educational level attained: 
Primary education or lower: This includes illiterate persons

First-stage secondary education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion

Second-stage secondary education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion (including that which requires a second-stage secondary education qualification)

Higher education: This includes training and equivalent labour insertion
The population at risk of poverty or social exclusion is that which is in one of these situations:

- At risk of poverty (60% of the median income per consumption unit). 

- With severe material deprivation (with deprivation in at least 4 concepts from a list of 9).

- In households without employment, or with low employment intensity (households in which the members of working age did so for less than 20% of their work potential during the reference year). 

Fuente: