05/2023

Cifras INE

Sustainable Development Goals (5/17)

5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

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The INE is responsible for the statistical operation "Indicators of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development", which was included in the National Statistical Plan in 2018, which is prepared in collaboration with the statistical services of the ministries. Its results can be viewed at: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/ODS/en/index.htm.

By means of Goal 5, the countries undertake to achieve full gender equality and empower all women and girls. To this end, the global framework sets the following targets: 1) end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls; 2) eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation; 3) eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation; 4) recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through public services, infrastructure and social protection policies, and by the promotion of shared responsibility in the household and family; 5) ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life; 6) ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences; 7) undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other assets, financial services, inheritance and natural resources; 8) enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communication technology, to promote the empowerment of women; 9) Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation to promote gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels.

The global framework contains 14 indicators for the monitoring of goal 5. On the 2030 Agenda Indicators platform, 51 sub-indicators corresponding to 11 global indicators have been published. This represents a coverage rate of 79%.

 

Subir Gender pay gap in Spain and the European Union

The indicator Gender pay gap in unadjusted form measures the difference between the average wage per hour between men and women. This difference is expressed as a percentage of average pay per hour among men. All workers in companies with 10 or more employees are considered, without restrictions in terms of age or hours worked and, therefore, not adjusted to individual characteristics. It is a main indicator of the indicators table of the European Pillar of Social Rights.

In Spain the gender pay gap in unadjusted form has narrowed from 14.1% in 2015 to 8.9% in 2021, which means a decrease of 5.2 percentage points.

At the European level, there was a fall of 2.8 points in the same period: from 15.5% in 2015 to 12.7% in 2021.

The country of the EU-27 that recorded the lowest pay gap figure in 2021 was Luxembourg, with -0.2%. At the opposite extreme was Estonia, with 20.5%.

 

Did you know…?

In 2020, the percentage of female owners of agricultural holdings, with respect to the total of female workers in agriculture, was 55.7%.

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Subir Sexual violence against women and girls

The source of subindicator 5.2.2.2 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months is the Security Statistics: Action taken by the Police, from the Ministry of the Interior, which publishes the list of criminal offences recorded by the State Security Forces.

In 2021, the number of police actions related to women and girls aged 16 and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner (last 12 months) was 8,236, an increase of 94.5% since 2015.

By place of occurrence, in 2021 45.0% happened in homes, 20.9% in communication routes, 10.9% in facilities and the remaining 23% in other places.

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Subir Gender equality in institutions

Indicator 5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments and local governments measures the percentage of seats held by women in the Houses of Parliament and local governments in comparison with the total seats. In Spain, this information is provided by the Women's Institute (Ministry of Equality) in accordance with the data provided by the Houses of Parliament and the General Directorate of Interior Policy (Ministry of the Interior).

The Governments of the Autonomous Communities are the most equal; 47.4% of Regional Ministers were women in 2022.

In the national parliaments, the percentage of seats held by women was 42.7% in the Congress of Deputies and 39.4% in the Senate.

At the local level, women hold 22.3% of mayoral positions, 40.9% of councillors were women in 2022, as compared with 19.1% and 35.6% in 2015, respectively.

In the period 2015-2022, women's participation increased at all levels of government except in the Senate, where it fell from 41.4% in 2015 to 39.4% in 2022.

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Subir Women in managerial positions

Indicator 5.5.2 Proportion of women in managerial positions measures the proportion of women in key positions in companies, and it is essential to track full and effective equality between women and men. In Spain this indicator is disaggregated into 4 subindicators of the different levels of responsibility (proportion of women in: managerial positions, senior management and board members) and entrepreneurship (proportion of women entrepreneurs). The source of the statistics of the first two subindicators is the INE's Labour Force Survey (subindicators shown in the chart), while the first two subindicators are obtained from the statistics of Personal Income Taxpayers and the Statistics of Earnings from Economic Activities of the Ministry of Finance and Public Administration.

The proportion of women in senior management in 2021 stood at 34.1% and that of women in senior management at 33.3%.

The age distribution in 2021 shows a concentration among younger ages. For the 16-34 age bracket, the proportion of women in senior management and in managerial positions is close to the par value, with 48.7% and 43.6%, respectively.

Meanwhile the percentage of female directors in 2021 stood at 27.9% and that of female entrepreneurs was 37.7% in 2020..

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Subir Measuring progress on Goal 5

Progress in Spain on the SDG 5 subindicators is presented, distinguishing between short-term progress (the previous year available compared with the previous year) and medium-term progress (since 2015, i.e. the baseline year). In both cases the compound annual growth rate has been used.

For indicators with positive normative direction (increases are desirable) we have: growth rates greater than or equal to 0.5% are considered progress (), rates in the range [0%, 0.5%) slight progress (), rates in the range [-0.5%, 0) slight decline () and for rates less than -0.5%, a decline (). For indicators that do not evolve, , is used.

For indicators with a negative normative direction, the categories are reversed.

Among the 51 sub-indicators shown in the table, in the medium term, 28 of them are progressing favourably, 2 show slight progress, 17 are regressing and 4 cannot be assessed due to insufficient data.

The subindicators of indicator 5.1.1 and of indicator 5.a.2 record the highest possible value, so they can be considered favourable.

Subindicator Unit Last
year
Last year's
figure
Medium term
progress
  Short term
progress (last two years)
 
5.1.1.1. Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex - Area 1: Global legal framework and public life Percentage 2022 100    
5.1.1.2. Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex - Area 2: Violence against women Percentage 2022 100    
5.1.1.3. Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex - Area 3: Employment and economic benefits Percentage 2022 100    
5.1.1.4. Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non-discrimination on the basis of sex - Area 4: Marriage and family Percentage 2022 100    
5.2.1.1. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to physical or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months Percentage 2021 0.318 11.4% 9.4%
5.2.1.2 Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months Percentage 2021 0.003 11.6% 12.5%
5.2.1.3. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to physical violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months Percentage 2021 0.315 11.4% 9.4%
5.2.1.4. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to psychological control violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months Percentage 2021 0.026 -28.5% 6.5%
5.2.1.5. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to economic violence by current or former intimate partner in the past 12 months Percentage 2021 0.02 0.2% 16.8%
5.2.1.6. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to physical violence by their current partner in the last 12 months Percentage 2019 0.70 -8.6% n.d  
5.2.1.7. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by their current partner in the last 12 months Percentage 2019 1.10 1.9% n.d.  
5.2.1.8. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to psychological control violence by their current partner in the last 12 months Percentage 2019 7.10 -5.7% n.d.  
5.2.1.9. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to emotional psychological violence by their current partner in the last 12 months Percentage 2019 5.7 -5.1% n.d.  
5.2.1.10. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to economic violence by their current partner in the last 12 months Percentage 2019 1.90 -3.7% n.d.  
5.2.1.11. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to physical or sexual violence by their current intimate partner in the previous 12 months Percentage 2019 1.50 -4.6% n.d.  
5.2.1.12. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months Percentage 2019 5.40 -7.3% n.d.  
5.2.2.1. Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and over who have suffered sexual violence outside of the context of an intimate relationship in the previous 12 months Percentage 2021 0.04 11.3% 42.9%
5.2.2.2 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months People 2021 8,236 11.7% 42.6%
5.2.2.3 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months,in an open space People 2021 519 7.3% 41.0%
5.2.2.4 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months,in an enclosed establishment People 2021 944 12.5% 54.0%
5.2.2.5 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months,in a facility People 2021 895 13.6% 34.0%
5.2.2.6 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months while using transportation People 2021 176 9.9% 25.7%
5.2.2.7 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months while in communal areas/ annexes of dwellings People 2021 258 -0.2% 27.7%
5.2.2.8 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months while on campuses People 2021 16 4.9% 60.0%
5.2.2.9 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months while in communication routes People 2021 1,725 6.8% 54.3%
5.2.2.10 Number of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months in dwellings People 2021 3,703 16.5% 39.4%
5.2.2.11 Proportion of women and girls aged 16 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months Percentage 2019 0.50 -3.6% n.d.  
5.3.1.1. Proportion of women who were married with 16 and 17 years Percentage 2021 0.005 -13.5% 23.8
5.3.2.1. Proportion of girls and women aged 15-49 who have undergone female genital mutilation or cutting Rate per 100,000 inhabitants 2021 0 n.d.   n.d.  
5.4.1.1. Time spent in household and family care on an average day Minutes 2010 182 n.d.   n.d.  
5.4.1.2. Time spent in household and family care on an average day. Women Minutes 2010 247 n.d.   n.d.  
5.4.1.3. Time spent in household and family care on an average day. Men Minutes 2010 114 n.d.   n.d.  
5.5.1.1. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (congress) Percentage of female deputies 2022 42.69 1.0% -1.7%
5.5.1.2. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (senate) Percentage of female senators 2022 39.42 -0.7% 2.5%
5.5.1.3. Proportion of departments headed by women in regional governments Percentage of female directors 2022 47.43 0.9% 0.5%
5.5.1.4. Proportion of mayoresses in local governments Percentage of women mayors 2022 22.26 2.2% 1.0%
5.5.1.5. Proportion of women town councillors in local governments Percentage of councilwomen 2022 40.87 2.0% 0.0%
5.5.2.1. Proportion of women in managerial positions Percentage 2021 33.32 1.0% -4.7%
5.5.2.2. Proportion of women in senior management Percentage 2021 34.08 2.0% -6.6%
5.5.2.3. Share of female directors Percentage 2021 27.90 0.5% 0.4%
5.5.2.4. Proportion of female entrepreneurs Percentage 2020 37.70 0.5% 0.0%
5.a.1.1. Proportion of holders of agricultural holdings, with respect to total agricultural labour force Percentage 2020 48.75 2.1% n.d.  
5.a.1.2. Share of male holders of agricultural holdings, with respect to total agricultural male labour force Percentage 2020 46.18 1.2% n.d.  
5.a.1.3. Share of female holders of agricultural holdings, with respect to total agricultural female labour force Percentage 2020 55.72 4.5% n.d.  
5.a.1.4. Share of female holders of agricultural holdings, with respect to total number of holders Percentage 2020 30.83 -1.2% n.d.  
5.a.1.5. Share of female holders who own agricultural holdings, with respect to total number of holders who own agricultural holdings Percentage 2020 32.45 -1.6% n.d.  
5.a.1.6. Share of female holders who lease agricultural holdings, with respect to total number of holders who lease agricultural holdings Percentage 2020 25.54 2.7% n.d.  
5.a.2.1. Degree to which the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women's equal rights to land ownership and/or control Range [1,6] 2022 6.00    
5.b.1.1. Proportion of individuals who use the mobile for particular reasons (aged 16 to 74 years) Percentage 2021 99.20 0.7% 0.3%
5.b.1.2. Proportion of women who use the mobile for particular reasons (aged 16 to 74 years) Percentage 2021 99.20 0.6% 0.3%
5.b.1.3. Proportion of men who use the mobile for particular reasons (aged 16 to 74 years) Percentage 2021 99.10 0.6% 0.2%

(*) Indicators and sub-indicators with a value of 100% every year: despite not having a growth rate, they can be considered as progressing.

 

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