Instituto Nacional de Estadística
The annual rate of the overall Consumer Price Index (CPI) in January was 2.9%, one tenth higher than that registered the previous month.
The groups that stood out most in terms of their influence on the increase in the annual rate were:
Notable among the groups with a negative contribution were:
The annual variation rate of core inflation (general index excluding unprocessed food and energy products) fell by two tenths compared with December, and stood at 2.4%.
Overall and core index. Percentage
In January, the monthly variation rate of the general CPI was 0.2%.
The groups with the greatest positive monthly impact to the CPI monthly rate were:
On the other hand, among the groups with a negative monthly impact, the following stood out:
The CPI recorded positive annual rates in all the autonomous communities in January. País Vasco had the highest rate (3.5%) and Canarias the lowest (2.1%).
Percentage
In January, the annual variation rate of the HICP stood at 2.9%, one tenth higher than in the previous month.
The monthly variation of the HICP was -0.1%.
General index. Percentage (the latest Monetary Union figure is progress)
The data published today is final and is not subject to further revision. All the results are available on INEBase.
The National Statistics Institute has carried out its annual update of the weightings used for the calculation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI), in accordance with the 2021 base system methodology.
The CPI, 2021 base, is characterised by its dynamism and ability to adapt to changes in consumer behaviour through the analysis of expenditure evolution. With this objective, a detailed study of changes in the market is conducted every year.
As a result of this study, the CPI weightings structure has been updated in 2025. The information used for this update comes from the National Accounting, the Family Budget Survey (FBS) and other sources. Thus, the CPI reflects the changes in consumers habits in the past year.
The following table shows the weights used during 2024 and those that will be used in 2025 for the calculation of the general CPI and by groups:
One of the key aspects of the CPI methodology is its ability to adapt to changes occurring in the wide range of economic sectors. In the case of passenger rail transport, the liberalisation of the sector led to the incorporation of new high-speed rail companies, whose business is now consolidated and operating on the main rail corridors. The INE has redesigned its sample to include new operators starting in January 2025.
In 2020, for the first time, the calculation of the CPI used methods for collecting and processing information from company databases. On the one hand, the necessary methodology was developed to adapt the databases provided by the companies themselves (scanner data), and on the other, the techniques for extracting information from the websites of different companies and its subsequent incorporation into the calculation of the index (web scraping).
The process has since continued and this type of information is gradually being incorporated as suitable data compatible with the CPI calculation methodology become available. In particular, in 2025, the use of scanner data has been extended to the food, personal care and household cleaning distribution sector, and web scraping to obtain information on rail transport fares.
These techniques allow the CPI to adapt more quickly to market changes and capture price movements more accurately, while reducing the burden on reporters.
These changes to the CPI do not affect series continuity: the calculation formula for the 2021 System consists of chaining the indices together, so that there is no break.
As usual, these changes have also been incorporated into the Harmonized CPI (HCPI); this will place both indicators among the most advanced in neighbouring countries.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a short-term indicator that measures the evolution of the prices of consumer goods and services acquired by households resident in Spain.
On the other hand, the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is an indicator whose objective is to provide a common inflation measure that allows international comparisons.
For more information you can access the methodology and the standardised methodological report at (IPC and IPCA).
INE statistics are produced in accordance with the Code of Good Practice for European Statistics. More information on Quality at INE and Code of Best Practices.
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