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Basic Demographic Indicators

• 1Contact
  • 1.1Contact organisation
    National Statistics Institute of Spain
    
  • 1.5Contact mail address

    Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 - 28050 Madrid

    
    
• 2Metadata update
  • 2.1Metadata last certified
    20/11/2023
  • 2.2Metadata last posted
    15/06/2022
  • 2.3Metadata last update
    20/11/2023
• 3Statistical presentation
  • 3.1Data description

    Collection of indicators that summarise the historical behavioural evolution of the basic demographic phenomena in Spain (birth rate, fertility, mortality and marriage), divorces, migratory movements and the growth and structure of the population resident in the country.

  • 3.2Classification system
    • Comunidades y Ciudades Autónomas
      01   Andalucía
      02   Aragón
      03   Asturias, Principado de
      04   Balears, Illes
      05   Canarias
      06   Cantabria
      07   Castilla y León
      08   Castilla - La Mancha
      09   Cataluña
      10   Comunitat Valenciana
      11   Extremadura
      12   Galicia
      13   Madrid, Comunidad de
      14   Murcia, Región de
      15   Navarra, Comunidad Foral de
      16   País Vasco
      17   Rioja, La
      18   Ceuta
      19   Melilla
    • Nacionalidad 3
      1   Española
      2   Extranjera
      3   Española y extranjera
        .
    • Provincias
      02   Albacete
      03   Alicante/Alacant
      04   Almería
      01   Araba/Álava
      33   Asturias
      05   Ávila
      06   Badajoz
      07   Balears, Illes
      08   Barcelona
      48   Bizkaia
      09   Burgos
      10   Cáceres
      11   Cádiz
      39   Cantabria
      12   Castellón/Castelló
      13   Ciudad Real
      14   Córdoba
      15   Coruña, A
      16   Cuenca
      20   Gipuzkoa
      17   Girona
      18   Granada
      19   Guadalajara
      21   Huelva
      22   Huesca
      23   Jaén
      24   León
      25   Lleida
      27   Lugo
      28   Madrid
      29   Málaga
      30   Murcia
      31   Navarra
      32   Ourense
      34   Palencia
      35   Palmas, Las
      36   Pontevedra
      26   Rioja, La
      37   Salamanca
      38   Santa Cruz de Tenerife
      40   Segovia
      41   Sevilla
      42   Soria
      43   Tarragona
      44   Teruel
      45   Toledo
      46   Valencia/València
      47   Valladolid
      49   Zamora
      50   Zaragoza
      51   Ceuta
      52   Melilla
    • Sexo
      1   Hombres
      2   Mujeres
  • 3.3Sector coverage

    They provide a historical compendium of the basic demographic phenomena occurring in Spain allowing the analysis of the intensity, main characteristics, dynamics and evolution of these phenomena among the resident population in Spain.

    This operation includes a wide collection of indicators classified by demographic phenomena and was created with the aim of incorporating as many additional sources of information and methodological improvements as may be considered appropriate to summarize the available demographic information.

  • 3.4Statistical concepts and definitions
    • Autochthonous
      Individual who was born in the same place in which he resides.
    • Crecimiento de la población
      Incremento en el número de individuos pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito en un año concreto por cada 1.000 habitantes. Se puede calcular como la suma del saldo vegetativo y el saldo migratorio.
    • Death
      The statistical concept death used traditionally in Spain comprised the deaths of all persons that had lived for more than 24 hours. As of 1975, this concept has been broadened to include live births that die during the first 24 hours.
    • Age
      Age in years refers to the number of birthdays reached by the reference date, in other words, the age last birthday.
    • Average age
      This is the average age of the resident population.
    • Mean age at childbearing
      Weighted mean of the childbearing age, with the weighting coefficients being the specific fertility rates by age.
    • Edad media al matrimonio
      Edad media a la que un individuo perteneciente a un determinado ámbito, contraería matrimonio en caso de mantenerse las tasas de nupcialidad por edad observadas en un año concreto en dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Edad media al primer matrimonio
      Edad media a la que un individuo perteneciente a un determinado ámbito, contraería matrimonio por primera vez en caso de mantenerse las tasas de primo-nupcialidad por edad observadas en un año concreto en dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Median age
      Exact age that divides the distribution of ages of the resident population into two parts, leaving the same number of persons below and above this age.
    • Emigration
      Action by which a person who, having previously been a usual resident in one territory, ceases to have usual residence therein for a period that is, or is expected to be, at least twelve months in duration.
    • Life expectancy at a certain age "x"
      This is the average number of years of future life, starting at age x, if the mortality pattern of the observed period is maintained.
    • Life expectancy at birth
      This is the average number of years that an individual is expected to live from the time of birth, if the mortality pattern of the observed period is maintained.
    • Indicador coyuntural de emigración
      Número medio de veces que un individuo, perteneciente a un determinado ámbito, emigraría con destino al extranjero a lo largo de su vida en caso de mantener la misma intensidad a la emigración por edad que la observada en un año concreto en dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Indicador coyuntural de emigración interautonómica/interprovincial
      Número medio de veces que un individuo perteneciente a un determinado ámbito y en una determinada comunidad autónoma/provincia, emigraría a cualquier otra comunidad autónoma/provincia a lo largo de su vida, en caso de mantener la misma intensidad a la emigración por edad que la observada en un año concreto en dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Conjunctural fertility indicator or Number of children per woman
      It is defined as the average number of children a woman belonging to a specific scope would have throughout her fertile age in the case the fertile intensity by age remains
    • Indicador coyuntural de migración interautonómica/interprovincial
      Número medio de veces que un individuo, perteneciente a un determinado ámbito, cambiaría de comunidad autónoma/provincia de residencia a lo largo de su vida en caso de mantener la misma intensidad a la migración por edad que la observada en un año concreto.
    • Indicador coyuntural de nupcialidad
      Número medio de veces que un individuo, perteneciente a un determinado ámbito se casaría a lo largo de su vida, en caso de mantenerse la misma intensidad a la nupcialidad por edad que la observada en un año concreto en dicho ámbito.
    • Indicador coyuntural de primo-nupcialidad
      Número medio de veces que un individuo, perteneciente a un determinado ámbito se casaría a lo largo de su vida, en caso de mantenerse la misma intensidad a la nupcialidad por edad que la observada en un año concreto en dicho ámbito. Mide la proporción de individuos solteros que acabarían casándose en caso de mantenerse la intensidad de la primo-nupcialidad por edades del momento.
    • Ageing index
      Persons over 64 years old, for every 100 persons under 16 years of age.
    • Immigration
      Action by which a person establishes her/his usual residence in a territory for a period that is, or is expected to be, at least twelve months in duration, having previously been a usual resident of another territory.
    • Marriage
      Stable union between two persons, resulting from an agreement between the wishes of both of them, outwardly manifested via the legally established formalities.
    • Migrant
      Person who takes part in a migration (immigration or emigration).
    • Newborn
      A foetus will only be classified as born if it has a human-like appearance and lives for twenty-four hours completely outside the mother's womb
    • Nacidos por cada mil defunciones
      Número de nacimientos de madre perteneciente a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 defunciones de individuos pertenecientes a dicho ámbito a lo largo de un año concreto.
    • Citizenship
      Citizenship is defined as the particular legal bond between an individual and his/her State,, acquired by birth or naturalisation, whether by declaration, option, marriage or other means according to the national legislation.
    • Order of birth
      This refers to the number of live births that the mother has had throughout her life, including the delivery of the considered birth.
    • Resident population
      The population resident in a given geographical scope is defined as those persons who, on the reference date, have established their usual residence therein.
    • Porcentaje de fallecidos menores de 1 año respecto a las defunciones totales
      Total de defunciones de menores de un año, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, por cada 100 defunciones registradas en el mismo.
    • Porcentaje de fallecidos menores de 28 días respecto a las defunciones de menores de 1 año
      Total de defunciones de menores de 28 días cumplidos de vida, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, por cada 100 defunciones de menores de 1 año registradas en el mismo.
    • Porcentaje de fallecidos menores de 28 días respecto a las defunciones totales
      Total de defunciones de menores de 28 días cumplidos de vida, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, por cada 100 defunciones registradas en el mismo.
    • Porcentaje de fallecidos menores de 7 días respecto a las defunciones de menores de 1 año
      Total de defunciones de menores de 7 días cumplidos de vida, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, por cada 100 defunciones de menores de 1 año registradas en el mismo.
    • Porcentaje de fallecidos menores de 7 días respecto a las defunciones de menores de 28 días
      Total de defunciones de menores de 7 días cumplidos de vida, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, por cada 100 defunciones de menores de 28 días registradas en el mismo.
    • Porcentaje de fallecidos menores de 7 días respecto a las defunciones totales
      Total de defunciones de menores de 7 días cumplidos de vida, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, por cada 100 defunciones registradas en el mismo.
    • Porcentaje de nacidos de madre no casada
      Total de nacimientos de madres no casada (soltera, viuda o divorciada) perteneciente a un determinado ámbito en relación al total de nacimientos de madres de dicho ámbito.
    • Porcentaje de nacidos por orden de nacimiento
      Porcentaje de nacimientos de orden r de madres pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito sobre el total de nacimientos registrados en ese ámbito durante un año concreto.
    • Proporción de personas mayores de 64 años
      Porcentaje que representa la población mayor de 64 años sobre la población total a 1 de enero de un año concreto.
    • Proporción de población nacida en el extranjero
      Porcentaje que representa la población perteneciente a un determinado ámbito nacida en el extranjero, sobre la población total de dicho ámbito a 1 de enero de un año concreto.
    • Province ( Article 141.1 of the Spanish Constitution)
      The province is a local institution with its own legal status, determined by grouping municipalities and dividing territories in order to fulfil State activities. Any alteration in the provincial limits is to be approved by the General Courts by means of constitutional law.
    • Ratio de masculinidad
      Número de hombres por cada 100 mujeres pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito a 1 de enero de un año concreto.
    • Ratio de masculinidad a la defunción
      Número de defunciones de hombres pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 100 defunciones de mujeres en el mismo ámbito.
    • Ratio de masculinidad al nacimiento
      Total de nacimientos de niños por cada 100 nacimientos de niñas, registrados entre los nacimientos de madres pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, durante un año concreto.
    • Usual residence
      Place where a person normally spends rest periods, not taking into account temporary absences due to leisure trips, holidays, visits to family and friends, business, visiting friends or relatives or religious pilgrimages. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that only usual residents in a region will be considered:
      
      - Those who, according to the previous definition, would usually have lived therein for a continuous period of at least 12 months.
      
      - Those who, according to the previous definition, would have established their usual residence therein less than 12 months ago, but with the intention of remaining therein for at least one year.
      
      Where the above circumstances cannot be established, "usual residence" shall mean the place of registered residence.
    • Migratory balance
      Difference between immigration and emigration.
    • Natural increase
      Difference between births and deaths.
    • Sex
      Sex refers to the biological sex of the person. According to the WHO, "sex" refers to biological and physiological features defining to men and women, whereas "gender" refers to the roles, behaviour, activities and attributes constructed socially that a specific culture regards as appropriate for men and women. In accordance with this description, the WHO regards "man" and "woman" as sex categories, whereas "male" and "female" are gender categories.
    • Tasa bruta de emigración
      Total de emigraciones con destino al extranjero, de individuos que salen de un determinado ámbito a lo largo de un año concreto, por cada 1.000 habitantes de ese ámbito.
    • Tasa bruta de emigración interautonómica/interprovincial
      Total de emigraciones a otras comunidades autónomas/provincias de individuos pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, desde una determinada comunidad autónoma/provincia a lo largo de un año concreto por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa bruta de inmigración
      Total de inmigraciones procedentes del extranjero, que llegan a un determinado ámbito a lo largo de un año concreto por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa bruta de inmigración interautonómica/interprovincial
      Total de inmigraciones procedentes de otras comunidades autónomas/provincias de individuos pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, que llegan a una determinada comunidad autónoma/provincia a lo largo de un año concreto, por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa (bruta) de mortalidad
      Total de defunciones a lo largo de un año concreto de personas pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 habitantes de ese ámbito.
    • Tasa (bruta) de natalidad
      Total de nacimientos de madre perteneciente a un determinado ámbito en un año concreto por cada 1.000 habitantes.
    • Tasa bruta de nupcialidad
      Total de matrimonios constituidos a lo largo de un año concreto, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 habitantes de ese ámbito.
    • Tasa de dependencia
      Cociente entre la población perteneciente a un determinado ámbito a 1 de enero de un año concreto menor de 16 años o mayor de 64 entre la población de 16 a 64 años, expresado en tanto por cien.
    • Tasa de dependencia de la población mayor de 64 años
      Cociente entre la población perteneciente a un determinado ámbito a 1 de enero de un año concreto mayor de 64 entre la población de 16 a 64 años, expresado en tanto por cien.
    • Tasa de dependencia de la población menor de 16 años
      Cociente entre la población perteneciente a un determinado ámbito a 1 de enero de un año concreto menor de 16 años entre la población de 16 a 64 años, expresado en tanto por cien.
    • Tasa de emigración interautonómica/interprovincial por edad
      Total de emigraciones a otras comunidades autónomas/provincias de individuos de edad x, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, desde una determinada comunidad autónoma/provincia a lo largo de un año concreto por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa de emigración por edad
      Total de emigraciones con destino al extranjero, de individuos de edad x que salen de un determinado ámbito a lo largo de un año concreto, por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa de fecundidad por edad de la madre
      Total de nacimientos de madres de edad x, pertenecientes al ámbito de estudio, a lo largo de un año concreto por cada 1.000 mujeres de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa de inmigración interautonómica/interprovincial por edad
      Total de inmigraciones procedentes de otras comunidades autónomas/provincias de individuos de edad x, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, que llegan a una determinada comunidad autónoma/provincia a lo largo de un año concreto, por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa de inmigración por edad
      Total de inmigraciones procedentes del extranjero, de individuos de edad x que llegan a un determinado ámbito a lo largo de un año concreto, por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa de migración bruta
      Total de migraciones (inmigraciones y emigraciones) con el extranjero, realizadas en un año concreto por individuos de un determinado ámbito, por cada 1.000 habitantes de ese ámbito.
    • Tasa de migración interautonómica/interprovincial bruta
      Número total de migraciones de individuos desde o hasta una determinada comunidad autónoma (para el análisis de migración interautonómica), o provincia (para el análisis de migración interprovincial), pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, a lo largo de un año concreto, por cada 1.000 habitantes pertenecientes a dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa de migración interautonómica/interprovincial neta
      Saldo migratorio neto de una determinada comunidad autónoma/provincia, esto es, la diferencia entre las entradas y las salidas de individuos de esa comunidad autónoma/provincia, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, a lo largo de un año concreto por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa de migración interautonómica/interprovincial por edad
      Total de migraciones o movimientos migratorios de ambos sentidos que se producen entre comunidades autónomas/provincias (teniendo como referencia el total del territorio nacional) de individuos de una determinada edad y de un determinado ámbito a lo largo de un año concreto por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa de migración neta
      Total de migraciones netas (inmigraciones menos emigraciones) con el extranjero, realizadas en un año concreto por individuos de un determinado ámbito, por cada 1.000 habitantes de ese ámbito.
    • Tasa de mortalidad fetal tardía
      Total de muertes fetales tardías de madres pertecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 nacidos (nacidos vivos más muertes fetales tardías) en dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa de mortalidad infantil
      Total de defunciones de menores de un año de vida, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, por cada 1000 nacidos vivos en ese ámbito.
    • Tasa de mortalidad infantil neonatal
      Relación entre las defunciones de menores de 28 días y los nacidos vivos en un año determinado. Se calcula como el total de defunciones de menores de 28 días cumplidos de vida (de 0 a 27), pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 nacidos vivos en dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa de mortalidad infantil neonatal precoz o temprana
      Relación entre las defunciones de menores de 7 días y los nacidos vivos en un año determinado. Se calcula como el total de defunciones de menores de 7 días cumplidos de vida (de 0 a 6), perteneciente a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 nacidos vivos en dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa de mortalidad infantil neonatal tardía
      Relación entre las defunciones de menores de un año con 7 o más días de vida pero menos de 28 y los nacidos vivos en un año determinado. Se calcula como el total de defunciones de menores de un año con 7 o más días cumplidos de vida pero menos de 28, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 nacidos vivos de dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa de mortalidad infantil postneonatal
      Relación entre las defunciones de menores de un año que han cumplido 28 días de vida y los nacidos vivos en un año determinado. Se calcula como el total de defunciones de menores de un año pero con más de 27 días cumplidos de vida, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 nacidos vivos de dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa de mortalidad perinatal
      Total de muertes fetales tardías más las defunciones de menores de un año con menos de 7 días cumplidos de vida, de madres pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 nacidos (nacidos vivos más muertes fetales tardías) en dicho ámbito.
    • Tasa de mortalidad por edad
      Total de defunciones de personas pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito, de edad (o grupo de edad) x, registradas durante un año concreto por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa de nupcialidad
      Total de personas que contraen matrimonio a lo largo de un año concreto, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 habitantes de ese ámbito.
    • Tasa de nupcialidad por edad
      Total de personas de edad x que contraen matrimonio a lo largo de un año concreto, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa de primo-nupcialidad
      Total de personas que contraen matrimonio por primera vez a lo largo de un año concreto, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 habitantes de ese ámbito.
    • Tasa de primo-nupcialidad por edad
      Total de personas de edad x que contraen matrimonio por primera vez a lo largo de un año concreto, pertenecientes a un determinado ámbito por cada 1.000 habitantes de dicho colectivo poblacional.
    • Tasa global de fecundidad
      Total de nacimientos, de madre de un determinado ámbito ocurridos en un año concreto, por cada 1.000 mujeres en edad fértil (de 15 a 49 años de edad) de dicho ámbito.
  • 3.5Statistical unit

    This depends on the indicator in question. See detailed methodology.

    https://www.ine.es/en/metodologia/t20/metodologia_idb_en.pdf

  • 3.6Statistical population

    Population resident in Spain, births of mother resident in Spain, deaths of residents in Spain, marriages that establish their residence in Spain, divorces between spouses who have established their residence in Spain and migratory movements that have Spain as their origin or destination.

  • 3.7Reference area

    National Territory.

    Demographic indicators are published at national, autonomous, provincial and municipal levels.

  • 3.8Time coverage

    In general, the results go back to 1975, except for the indicators of nuptiality that are available from 1976, those of the migratory movement that are available from 2008. y divorces that are available from 2005.

    Indicators prior to 2002 are not available disaggregated by nationality and in the case of divorce indicators this breakdown is not available until 2011.

    The disaggregation at the municipal level is available as of 2014.

  • 3.9Base period

    Data available since 1975.

• 4Unit of measure
  • 4.1Unit of measure

    This depends on the indicator in question. See detailed methodology.

    https://www.ine.es/en/metodologia/t20/metodologia_idb_en.pdf

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• 5Reference period
  • 5.1Reference period

    Natural year.

    Data referred to the period: 2022 definitive

     

• 6Institutional mandate
  • 6.1Legal acts and other agreements

    The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15  December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).

    
    

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  • 6.2Data sharing
    The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
    

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• 7Confidentiality
  • 7.1Confidentiality - policy
    The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
    
  • 7.2Confidentiality - data treatment
    INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
    

    No additional confidentiality measures have been adopted in addition to those already indicated as standard in all INE operations.

    .
• 8Release policy
  • 8.1Release calendar
    The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
    
  • 8.2Release calendar access
    The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
    
  • 8.3User access
    The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
    
• 9Frequency of dissemination
  • 9.1Frequency of dissemination

    The results at the national, regional, provincial, and municipal levels are published annually in November of each year: Thus, in November of year t + 1 the following are published:

    - the definitive results of indicators of Birth, Fertility, Mortality, Nuptiality, Migratory Movement and Population Growth corresponding to year t, at the national, regional, and provincial levels.

    - the definitive results of indicators of Population Structure corresponding to year t + 1, at the national, regional, provincial, and municipal levels.

    - the definitive results of indicators of Birth, Fertility, Mortality, Nuptiality and Population Growth for year t-1 at the municipal level.

• 10Accessibility and clarity
  • 10.1News release
    The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
    
  • 10.2Publications

    All information regarding this can be accessed via:

    https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177003&menu=ultiDatos&idp=12547573002

  • 10.3On-line database

    INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.

    
    

    Tables and time series can be accessed via INEbase in the section "Demography and population" at www.ine.es:

    https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177003&menu=ultiDatos&idp=12547573002

    In 2022, the number of consultations to the operation results tables was 600,343 and in 2023, in the absence of the last quarter, the number of consultations to the tables was AC2= 444,672

  • 10.4Micro-data access
    A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
    

    This is a summary statistic elaborated from the aggregate results of various statistical sources. Therefore, microdata is not available.

    .
  • 10.5Other

    This operation satisfies requests for tailored information from users who are not considered in the tables of results, after a feasibility study, in any case, by the INE.

     

  • 10.6Documentation on methodology

    A detailed description is available at: https://www.ine.es/en/metodologia/t20/metodologia_idb_en.pdf

  • 10.7Quality documentation

    Fields 10.6 to 17 of this document are the user-oriented quality report for this operation.

• 11Quality management
  • 11.1Quality assurance

    Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.

    
    

    The Basic Demographic Indicators are calculated from individual data collected in the Vital Statistics, in the Migration Statistics, in the Statistics of Migrations and Changes of Residence, in the Annulments, Separations and Divorces Statistics based on the reference resident population figures (Intercensal Population Estimates, until 2020, and annual Censuses, since 2021) and the Continuous Register Statistics for the municipal indicators corresponding to the period 2014-2020 and the annual Censuses since 2021. The quality of these is guaranteed by the quality of the original sources.

    In addition, for these indicators, analysis of variable completeness is carried out, outliers check of the information sources on which they are based and they are subjected to an exhaustive analysis of their temporal series of results, in order to avoid any error in their calculation. An international data comparison is also carried out.

    This statistical operation is subject to an exhaustive analysis of variable completeness, atypical values and the temporal series of results, in order to avoid any error in the calculation of indicators or in the sources of information from which they are calculated.

  • 11.2Quality assessment

    This statistical operation provides a total consistency of results between all territorial levels considered and the necessary coherence between demographic flows and population stocks.

    The complete consistency of the indicators is also guaranteed with:

    • the numbers of births, deaths, and marriages provided by the Vital Statistics
    • the migration figures provided by Migration Statistics until 2020 and the Migration and Changes of Residence Statistics from 2021.
    • the divorce figures provided by the Annulments, Separations and Divorces Statistics
    • the figures of population obtained from intercensal population estimates for the period 1971-2020 and from the annual Censuses since 2021.
    • the figures of population at municipal level obtained from the Statistics of the Continuous Register for the period 2014-2020 and the annual Censuses starting in 2021.

    The weak point of this statistical operation is that the indicators corresponding to small populations are more unstable and are more subject to circumstance. For this reason, three-year municipal inficators are calculated, which will be mobile to generate a time series.

• 12Relevance
  • 12.1User needs

    This operation provides a summary of the demographic evolution of Spain, of each Autonomous Community and of each province since 1975, carried out in terms of the indicators usually used in demography. It is available to all users who need to analyse the demographic evolution of the country.

    These indicators are used internationally to make demographic comparisons of the behaviour of the demographic phenomena in different countries (gross birth rate, mortality rate, mean age at maternity, life expectancy...).

    Regular users include the United Nations and the most demanded indicators are Life Expectancy, Average Number of Children per Woman and Average Age at Maternity.

     

    Since 2019, results have been available at the municipal level. The availability of the municipal detail of the information on demographic events in the Statistics of the Natural Movement of the Population allows the calculation of indicators referring to the population registered in each municipality, making use of the figures of the Municipal Register on January 1 of each year for the period 2014-2020 and the annual Censuses starting in 2021.

  • 12.2User satisfaction

    The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013,  2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...

    On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click  next link)

     

    
    

    
    

  • 12.3Completeness

    The statistical operation of Basic Demographic Indicators is included in the National Statistical Plan 2021-2024 with code 8883 and its code in the Inventory of Statistical Operations (this code is a fixed identifier of the statistic, which does not change) is 30264.

    This operation complies with 100% (R1=100) with the objectives set by the National Statistical Plan 2021-2024 providing information on the main characteristics of the current demographic situation in the whole national territory, its Autonomous Communities and its provinces through the elaboration of summaries and analysis with results from various sources.

     

• 13Accuracy and reliability
  • 13.1Overall accuracy

    This operation is based on the information provided by the Vital Statistics, the Migration Statistics, the Statistics of Migrations and Changes of Residence, in the Statistics on Annulments, Separations and Divorces and the resident population figures (Intercensal Population Estimates, until 2020, and annual censuses, from 2021) and of the Statistics of the Continuous Register for the municipal indicators corresponding to the period 2014-2020 and the annual Censuses from 2021, therefore the accuracy of the results depends on the information sources used. Finally, the coherence between related indicators is also analyzed.

  • 13.2Sampling error

    Not applicable to this statistical operation, as it is a summary statistic, elaborated from other statistical sources, and not from a sample survey.

  • 13.3Non-sampling error

    Since this is a summary operation, based on the statistical treatment of data from registry sources, non-sampling errors in this statistical operation are mainly due to:

    • Possible data recording errors in the Birth bulletin, Death bulletin and Marriage bulletin collected in the Civil Registers of the whole national territory, from which the Statistics on Births, Deaths and Marriages of the Vital Statistics are elaborated.
    • Any possible errors in recording the data in the statistical bulletins that are completed by the various courts using a web form in accordance with the Agreement signed by the INE with the General Council of the Judiciary (GCJ) where they collect information on the rulings on annulment, separations or divorces dictated by the corresponding judicial body, from which the Statistics on Annulments, Separations and Divorces are elaborated.
    • Possible errors in the registration of data in the Register, necessary to prepare both the Migration Statistics and the Statistics of Migrations and Changes of Residence as well as the reference resident population figures (Intercensal Population Estimates, until 2020, and annual Censuses, since 2021) as well as the continuous Register Statistics itself for the period 2014-2020.
    • Any possible errors regarding completion and coherence of the variables used in the calculation of the indicators are monitored during the control and filtering processes of the aforementioned operations.

    However, the indicators are subject to an exhaustive analysis within the time series of each one of the indicators, in order to avoid any error in their calculation.

• 14Timeliness and punctuality
  • 14.1Timeliness

    Final results are published 11 months after the end of the reference year (TP2=11 months).

    In the case of the results at the municipal level, they are published several months after or before the end of the reference year according to the demographic phenomenon which ranges between 1 months before and 23 months after the end of the reference year.

  • 14.2Punctuality

    The publication of the Basic Demographic Indicators is carried out according to the deadline established in the structural statistics calendar that the INE elaborates and publishes for each year.

• 15Coherence and Comparability
  • 15.1Comparability - geographical

    The basic demographic indicators have complete inter-regional consistency at all levels of disaggregation, since this is the case with the data sources on which they are based, Vital Statistics, Migration Statistics, the Statistics of Migrations and Changes of Residence, Statistics on Annulments, Separations and Divorces and resident population figures (Intercensal Population Estimates, until 2020, and annual censuses, from 2021) and of the Statistics of the Continuous Register for the period 2014-2020 for the municipal indicators.

    Furthermore, the indicators are calculated with a homogeneous methodology for any territorial disaggregation, so that their Autonomous and Provincial results are fully comparable.

    On an international scale, they are also comparable, since there are European regulations for the main concepts on which they are based (resident population, vital statistics and migration statistics), although there is no specific regulation of basic demographic indicators.

    In other words, all the basic demographic indicators refer to the concept of "resident population" according to the definition of habitual residence established in Regulation 1260/2013 of the European Parliament and Council on European demographic statistics.

    The basic demographic indicators, based on vital statistics, comply with Commission Regulation (EU) No 328/2011 of 5 April 2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and Council on European Union statistics on public health and health and safety at work, as regards statistics on the causes of death. Furthermore, they are comparable with the rest of the European Union countries as they follow the Eurostat recommendations established for all the countries and agreed in the meetings of the Demographic Statistics working group.

    As for the migratory movement indicators, the flows on which they are based conform to the definitions established in Regulation 862/2007 of the European Parliament and Council on Migration Statistics and International Protection and sponsored, in turn, by the United Nations, which favours their international comparability.

    However, there may be differences in the calculation methodologies for some demographic indicators between the different countries (average ages, average population, among others).

  • 15.2Comparability - over time

    The results are comparable over time.

    In general, most basic demographic indicators go back to 1975 without breaks in the series (the first year for which this statistic is produced). Therefore, in general, the number of comparable elements in the time series for most demographic indicators from their inception in 1975 until the last publication of definitive data in 2022 covers 48 annual periods (CC2=48).

    The indicators on migratory movement go back to 2008, the first year for which Migration Statistics was compiled. Therefore, the number of comparable elements of the time series relating to these indicators from their inception in 2008 until the last publication of definitive data in 2022 covers 15 annual periods (CC2=15).

    Divorce indicators go back to 2005. Therefore, the number of comparable elements of the time series relating to these indicators from their inception until the last publication of definitive data in 2020 covers 16 annual periods (CC2=16).

    Indicators at the municipal level are rolled back to 2014. Therefore, the number of comparable elements of the time series relative to these indicators from their beginning to the last publication of definitive data for 2021 covers 8 annual periods (CC2=8) for the relative to natality, fertility, mortality, nuptiality and population growth and the number of comparable elements of the time sieres relative to population structure indicators at the municipal level from its beginning to the last publication of definitive data of 2023 span 10 periods annual (CC2=10).

  • 15.3Coherence - cross domain

    This operation is based on the results of the Vital Statistics, Migration Statistics, of Migration and Changes of Residence Statistics, Statistics on Annulments, Separations and Divorces and resident population figures (Intercensal Population Estimates, until 2020 Intercensal Population Estimates, until 2020, and annual Censuses, from 2021) and of the Statistics of the Continuous Register for the period 2014-2020, therefore its results are fully consistent with those of these sources.

  • 15.4Coherence - internal

    The data is fully consistent across territories and demographics.

• 16Cost and burden
  • 16.1Cost and burden

    The basic demographic indicators are a statistical summary operation that uses data from other operations. Therefore, it does not burden the user and makes it possible to obtain, at a low cost, a significant volume of demographic information.

    The budgetary estimate necessary to finance this operation, provided for in the 2023 Annual Programme, is 105.05 thousand euros.

• 17Data revision
  • 17.1Data revision - policy

    The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).

    This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow:  routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.

    
    

    In the case of Basic Demographic Indicators, the definitive data are prepared from the definitive results of these sources on which they are based, 11 months after the end of the reference period.

     

  • 17.2Data revision - practice

    In May 2016, an extraordinary revision of all the series of Basic Demographic Indicators took place, in order to incorporate the Intercensal estimates of the Population for the 1971-2001 period that were recalculated between the years 2014 and 2015. The objective was to produce a continuous series of population figures that began on 1 January 1971 and is linked to the last published period of the Population Figures statistics since the series of Intercensal Population estimates published up to 2015 had been elaborated according to different smoothing processes by age, in such a way that they did not constitute a homogeneous series.

    In September 2017, an extraordinary revision of all the series of Population Structure Indicators corresponding to 2016 took place, due to the corrections for people aged 100 and over in the Population Figures operation on 01/01/2016, which constitutes the fundamental source of information for the calculation of these indicators.

    This correction, from the population volume of individuals aged 100 and over in the Population Figures operation on 01/01/2016, also affects the specific mortality rates for this age group (closing age of the mortality tables) in 2015, as well as the population growth results per thousand inhabitants in 2015, therefore they were also updated.

    On this same date, the series of life expectancies from 1991 to 2015 was updated in line with the modification made to the Mortality Tables.

    In June 2018, there was an extraordinary revision of all the series of Indicators corresponding to the demographic phenomena of birth and fertility, mortality, marriage and divorce, as well as the migratory and population growth indicators of 2016 and the indicators of population structure of 2017, as a consequence of the correction for people aged 100 and over in the population figures operation on 01/07/2016 and 01/01/2017.

    In June 2019, the Fertility Indicators were recalculated according to the order of birth of the period 1996-2006 to take into account the modification of the calculation method of this variable in the Birth Statistics of the Vital Statistics of that period. Thus, for the years before 1996, all live births in a multiple birth had the same order (number of children born alive in previous births + number of children born alive in the current birth). As of 1996, the method for calculating the order of birth variable is modified so that each child born alive in a multiple birth has the correlative order that corresponds to it.
     

    On this same date, the level of disaggregation of the age variable for the Migratory Indicators at the autonomous and provincial levels is modified so that it is equal to the level of detail published in the Migration Statistics. As a result, all migration indicators that use age-specific rates for their elaboration have been recalculated.

    In June 2020, the Population Structure Indicators at the municipal level include the Proportion of people according to place of birth, consisting of five indicators or proportions of “autochthony” at different territorial levels in which the place of birth is compared with place of residence.

    In October 2020, Mortality Rates by sex, age and educational level for all territorial levels and Life Expectations by sex, age and educational level are included in the Mortality Indicators. In both cases, 4 educational levels are considered by aggregation of the Classification of programs, degrees and certifications in levels of training achieved, CNED-A.

    On the occasion of the new 2021 Population Census, published in December 2022, throughout the year 2023, the intercensal population series were calculated for the period 2012-2020, in order to obtain a continuous and unified series of population figures that it begins on January 1, 1970 and links to the first published period of the annual Population Censuses as of January 1, 2021 and subsequent ones.

    In November 2023, the Basic Demographic Indicators for the period 2012-2020 are published, calculated on the population base of the new intercensals and annual censuses.

• 18Statistical processing
  • 18.1Source data

    This is a statistical summary operation based on the results of the Vital Statistics, Migration Statistics, of the Statistics of Migrations and Changes of Residence, Statistics on Annulments, Separations and Divorces and resident population figures (Intercensal Estimates of Population, until 2020, and annual Censuses, from 2021) as well as the Statistics of the Continuous registry for the period 2014-2020 for the municipal indicators.

  • 18.2Frequency of data collection

    Annual.

  • 18.3Data collection

    The basic demographic indicators constitute a synthesis operation based on various sources of information.

    The starting data for the calculation of the indicators include the figures of births of mothers resident in Spain by age and nationality of the same, the figures of deaths of residents in Spain by age, the figures of marriages that establish their residence in Spain by sex, age and nationality of the spouses, the number of divorces of spouses whose marriage had established residence in Spain, immigration flows from abroad by sex, age and nationality of immigrants, emigration flows to foreign countries by sex, age and nationality of migrants, flows of inter-regional migration by sex, age and nationality of migrants, interprovincial migration flows by sex, age and nationality of migrants, population figures resident in Spain by sex, age, nationality and province of residence and the figures of population registered in some municipality of Spain of more of 50,000 inhabitants or in some provincial capital by sex and age.

  • 18.4Data validation

    This statistical operation is subject to an exhaustive analysis of variable completeness, atypical values and the temporal series of results, in order to avoid any error in the calculation of indicators or in the sources of information from which they are calculated.

  • 18.5Data compilation

    Once the information detailed in section 18.3 of this report is available, the basic demographic indicators are obtained according to the calculation methodology described in: https://www.ine.es/en/metodologia/t20/metodologia_idb_en.pdf

     

  • 18.6Adjustment

    Not adjustment are realized.

• 19Comment
  • 19.1Comment