In 2023, there were 2,997,082 enterprises in the Industry, Trade and Non-financial Services sectors in Spain. 60,976 of them, 2.0% of the total, formed part of a corporate group (domestic, Spanish multinational or foreign multinational).
These enterprises that were part of groups accounted for 43.5% of all the employed personnel and generated 67.0% of the turnover of these three sectors.
In terms of company size, resident enterprises that form part of groups accounted for a large part of the turnover of enterprises with 250 or more employees. Thus, large enterprises belonging to Spanish multinationals invoiced 16.9% of the total and those that formed part of foreign multinationals invoiced 21.2%.
As for those that were not part of groups, they recorded their greatest contribution to the turnover of enterprises with fewer than 10 employees, accounting for 15.5% of the total.
Percentage with respect to the total of residing enterprises.
By activity sectors, multinational group enterprises generated the highest turnover in Industry, with 22.2% of the total.
As for enterprises that were not part of a group, the largest contribution came from the Trade sector, which generates 14.3% of the turnover.
Analysing various indicators, enterprises belonging to corporate groups (especially multinationals) showed higher productivity, higher sales outside Spain and greater investment intensity than the rest in 2023.
Productivity: added value at factor cost / employed personnel.
Sales rate outside Spain: sales outside Spain / turnover*100.
Material investment rate: Investment in material assets / value added at factor cost * 100.
In 2023, there were 15,601 affiliates of foreign enterprises in the Industry, Trade and Non-financial market services sectors. These affiliates generated a turnover totalling 794,483 million euros and employed 2,278,321 people.
55.5% of the affiliate enterprises were in the Services sector, 28.8% in the Trade sector and 15.7% in the Industrial sector.
Affiliates in the Industrial sector generated 43.5% of the total turnover of these companies. As for employment, those in the Services sector employed 52.7% of the total.
Main variables by activity sector.
The branch of activity that recorded the largest number of affiliates was Professional, scientific and technical activities (15.7% of the total). In terms of turnover, the sector that contributed most was Mining and quarrying industries, energy, water and waste (12.9% of the total). Meanwhile, the one with the most employees was Administrative and support services activities (15.1% of the total).
With regard to the contribution of each branch of activity, we should highlight Transport material, for which 80.8% of the overall turnover was generated by foreign affiliate enterprises.
The following branches with the greatest contributions were Electrical, electronic and optical materials and equipment and Chemical and pharmaceutical industry, with respective totals of 49.0% and 47.7%.
In contrast, the sectors with the lowest contributions were Hotels and Restaurants, Transport and Postal Services, Education, and Other Services (except associative activities), all of which contributed less than 10.0%.
The countries whose affiliates generated the greatest turnovers in 2023 were France (16.2% of the total), Germany (13.9%) and the United States (12.1%).
In turn, the enterprises that contributed the greatest number of affiliates were France (11.3% of the total), the United States (11.0%) and Germany (10.9%).
It should be noted that the main ten countries accounted for 73.0% of the total number of affiliates and 84.9% of the turnover generated by these affiliates.
Percentage
By geographical areas, the affiliates with parent companies in the Euro Zone generated 57.6% of the turnover of all affiliates in Spain. The figures were: Rest of Europe 15.7%, America 14.6%, and Asia and ROW 12.1%.
The data published today are final. All results are available on INEBase.
In accordance with the Commission's Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023/137, the INE has begun to work on incorporating the new National Classification of Economic Activities CNAE-2025 in all its statistical operations.
In the case of the EEPG, the first publication of results with CNAE-2025 will take place in 2027.
The Business Statistics on Affiliated Enterprises (EEPG by its Spanish initials) presents annual information on the main economic and employment variables of enterprises resident in Spain from industrial, commercial and non-financial services sectors, classifying the statistical findings according to whether the enterprise forms part of a corporate group, differentiating by the type of group (entirely domestically held, Spanish multinational or foreign multinational). The statistic includes economic aggregates such as the value of production and gross value added, as well as the main indicators.
In addition, specifically for enterprises of foreign multinationals in Spain (i.e. affiliates of foreign enterprises in Spain), it describes information by the activity and size of the affiliate enterprise, as well as the country or geographical area of the parent company with ultimate control over it.
The EEPG integrates the information of the Structural Business Statistics in the Industry, Trade and Services sectors and adds information related to the membership and typology of the business group that the enterprise forms part of. The above enables us to offer statistical results classifying enterprises residing in Spain into sub-populations of interest for macroeconomic analysis and the study of globalisation.
More information on the methodology and the standardised methodological report.
INE statistics are produced in accordance with the Code of Good Practice for European Statistics. More information on Quality at INE and the Code of Best Practices.
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