Press Release: Spain Health Survey (SHS). Year 2025.

Main results

68.3% of the Spanish population rated their state of health in the last 12 months as good or very good, 5.8 percentage points lower than in 2023.
66.2% of the population aged 15 and over reported having a chronic disease, compared to 57.7% in 2023.
Depression rose by 1.6 points compared to 2023, affecting 16.2% of people aged 15 and over.
15.4% of the population aged 15 and over claimed to smoke daily, 1.2 points down from 2023.
17.2% of people aged 18 and over were overweight in 2025, compared to 15.2% in 2023.

Más información

Annex of tables (includes information from the Autonomous Communities)
Detailed results
Infograph

State of health

68.3% of the Spanish population rated their state of health as good or very good in 2025. By sex, 73.6% of men declared that they were in good health, compared to 63.1% of women.

The perception of good or very good health fell by 5.8 points compared to 2023. By sex, it fell by 4.4 percentage points among men and 7.1 among women. By age, the decrease affected all groups except those aged 85 and over.

Positive assessment of the state of health by sex and age. Years 2023 and 2025

Percentage of the population

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Chronic disease

66.2% of the population aged 15 and over reported suffering from a chronic health problem or disease in 2025, compared with 57.7% in 2023. The percentage was higher in women (70.9%) than in men (61.4%).

The most frequent chronic problems or diseases in 2025 were high cholesterol (for 21.1% of the population), high blood pressure (20.0%) and chronic lower back pain (17.8%).

Meanwhile, the chronic problems or diseases that saw the greatest increases between 2025 and 2023 were chronic allergies (up 5.3 percentage points), high cholesterol (3.1) and menopause-related problems (2.3).

Most frequent chronic diseases by gender. Year 2025

Population aged 15 and older. Percentage of the population

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Note¹ it is includes rhinitis, conjunctivitis or allergic dermatitis, food allergy or of another kind.

For children under 15, the most frequent chronic diseases were chronic allergy (9.6%), asthma (4.6%) and behavioural disorders (3.5%).

Performing Basic Activities of Daily Living

17.0% of people over 55 reported difficulty in performing Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) such as eating, sitting or standing up, getting dressed, going to the toilet or washing oneself.

This percentage increased with age, affecting, in the 85 and over age group, 61.8% of women and 41.9% of men. In all age groups, women reported greater difficulty than men.

The most difficult activities were sitting or getting up (12.7% of the population aged 55 and over), dressing (11.2%) and washing oneself (10.7%).

Among those who had difficulties in any of the BADLs, 69.5% reported having technical or personal aids and 48.0% indicated that they needed help or more help than they currently had.

Mental health

16.2% of the population aged 15 and over experienced depression in 2025 (in the two weeks prior to the interview). This percentage is 1.6 points higher than in 2023.

Severe depression was present in more than half of the cases (7.2%). The prevalence of severe symptomatology fell by 0.8 points compared to 2023, while other depressive symptoms increased by 2.5 points. This trend was observed in all age groups.

Prevalence of active depressive symptoms. Major depressive disorder. Years 2023 and 2025

Population aged 15 years old and over. Percentage

Prevalence of active depressive symptoms. Other depressive conditions. Years 2023 and 2025

Population aged 15 years old and over. Percentage

Healthcare

Of the population aged 15 and above, 26.5% had visited a family doctor in 2025 in the four weeks prior to the interview and 17.8% to a specialist. Meanwhile, 27.2% of children under 15 years of age visited a paediatrician and 12.0% a specialist.

7.8% of the population were hospitalised in the 12 months prior to the interview and 10.4% were treated in a day hospital. 32.1% of the population visited the emergency department.

All medical consultations and hospitalisations increased compared to 2023.

Evolution of healthcare received, by type of care. Years 2023 and 2025

Percentages and difference in percentage points

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Note: The adult populations is considered to be individuals aged 15 and over.

In the two weeks prior to the interview, more than half of people aged 15 and over (57.4%) reported having taken a medicine prescribed by a doctor. By sex, the percentages were 50.2% for men and 64.3% for women. Additionally, 22.1% used non-prescription drugs (19.5% of men and 24.6% of women).

The percentage of people who took medicines increased by 8.3 points compared to 2023 (5.1 points for medicines prescribed by a doctor and 7.3 points for non-prescription medicines).

Preventive practices

64.0% of the population aged 65 and over received the influenza vaccine, compared with 67.0% in 2023. By sex, 63.8% of men and 64.2% of women were vaccinated.

Two out of three people had their blood pressure checked in the year prior to the survey (66.6%), 69.0% had their blood cholesterol measured and 64.7% their blood sugar.

32.3% of the population aged 50-69 years had a faecal occult blood test for the early detection of colorectal cancer in the last year, 8.6 points more than in 2023.

73.7% of women aged 50-69 reported having had a mammogram in the last two years, and 70.1% of those aged 25-64 have had a Pap smear in the last three years. Both percentages were higher than those recorded in 2023 (68.0% and 66.9%, respectively).

Obesity and excess weight

54.4% of the population aged 18 and over were overweight (obese and excess weight). This problem occurred to a greater extent among men (61.4%) than among women (47.6%).

In the case of children aged two to 17, this rate stood at 25.4% (28.1% for boys and 22.4% for girls).

Obesity affected 17.2% of adults and 7.6% of children. Excess weight, 37.2% of adults and 17.8% of children.

Population with obesity by sex and age group. Year 2025

Population aged 2 years old and over. Percentage

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Consumption of tobacco and alcohol

Daily smokers continue their downward trend. In 2025, a total of 15.4% of the population aged 15 and over claimed to smoke daily, 1.2 points less than in 2023. On the other hand, 2.8% reported being occasional smokers, 25.4% ex-smokers and 56.3% never smoked.

By sex, the percentage of daily smokers was 18.4% for men and 12.6% for women. In all age groups there were more male than female smokers.

The percentage of daily smokers peaked in the age group 35 to 44 years in men (24.6%) and in the age group 55 to 64 years in women (18.9%).

On the other hand, 1.4% of the population aged 15 and over used electronic cigarettes daily or occasionally, and 1.6% consumed heated tobacco products. In both cases, the highest levels of consumption were recorded in the 15 to 24 age group (with percentages of 2.8% and 3.8%, respectively).

Among those who used electronic cigarettes, 45.5% did so daily. And, in the case of consumers of heated tobacco products, 40.0% did so daily.

Trends in daily smokers by sex. 2009-2025 period

Population aged 15 and over. Percentage

On the other hand, 35.1% of the population aged 15 and over (45.7% of men and 25.1% of women) consumed alcohol every week.

8.9% consumed alcohol daily (13.9% of men and 4.2% of women).

10.2% of the population consumed alcohol heavily at least once a month in 2025 - more than six standard drinks (60 g of pure alcohol) among men over a period of four to six hours. And in women, more than five standard drink units (50 g of pure alcohol) in the same period of time.

This percentage was 2.4 points higher than 2023.

By sex, 13.9% of men and 6.7% of women consumed alcohol intensively at least once a month.

Results by autonomous communities

The autonomous city of Ceuta (79.0%), Comunitat Valenciana (70.7%) and Extremadura (70.7%) were the regions with the highest percentage of people who rated their state of health positively in 2025.

In contrast, Galicia (61.6%), Canarias (63.8%) and Principado de Asturias (65.1%) had the lowest percentages.

The regions with the highest percentage of the population who saw a family doctor or a paediatrician in the four weeks prior to the interview were Galicia (31.7%), Cantabria (31.2%) and Canarias (30.6%).

The lowest percentages were recorded in the Autonomous City of Melilla (20.9%), Cataluña (21.7%) and Comunidad Foral de Navarra (23.1%).

Comunidad de Madrid (20.9%), Cantabria (20.5%) and Castilla y León (18.4%) had the highest percentages of the population consulting a specialist.

The lowest values occurred in the Region of Murcia (13.4%), Extremadura (13.7%) and the autonomous city of Ceuta (13.9%).

The highest percentages of the population attending A&E were recorded in Andalucía (35.6%), Castilla-La Mancha (35.3%), and Comunitat Valenciana (33.8%).

The lowest were recorded in the autonomous city of Melilla (24.2%), País Vasco (24.4%) and the autonomous city of Ceuta (24.6%).

The highest rates of obesity in the population over 18 years of age were found in the Canarias (21.8%), Castilla-La Mancha (20.8%) and Región de Murcia (18.9%).

In children under 18 years of age, the highest percentages of the population with obesity were found in Andalucía (12.4%), Canarias (9.5%) and the autonomous city of Ceuta (9.0%).

The regions with the highest percentage of daily smokers aged 15 and over were Extremadura (18.9%), Región de Murcia (17.7%) and Castilla-La Mancha (17.6%).

Meanwhile, the lowest percentages were recorded in the autonomous cities of Ceuta (10.8%) and Melilla (11.7%) and in the País Vasco (11.8%).

In terms of heavy alcohol consumption at least once a month, the highest percentages were observed in Comunidad Foral de Navarra (14.3%), País Vasco (13.2%) and Illes Balears (13.2%).

Data revisions and updates

The data published today are final. All results of this operation are available on INEbase.

Nota metodológica

The ESdE 2025 is a statistical operation whose objective is to provide information on the health of the Spanish population that is harmonised and comparable on a European level, with the aim of planning and evaluating health-related initiatives both domestically and internationally.

It is the result of the convergence of the National Health Survey and the European Health Survey on Spain. It is published every three years and forms part of the European edition every six years. This edition is the fourth wave of the European Health Survey (EHIS).

The objectives of the ESdE are to: provide information on the general state of health and to identify the main chronic diseases; know the physical and sensory limitations of the population and people with limitations to carry out activities of daily living; and to obtain indicators on the population's mental health. It also studies the degree of access to and use of health services and their characteristics, as well as unmet needs and preventive testing. Finally, health determinants are studied: physical exercise, diet, tobacco and alcohol consumption. Research is also carried out on the support and social relations of the population.

The data collection took place between April 2025 and March 2026, and approximately 21,000 households participated. The data have been weighted to be representative at the national and regional level.

Type of operation:: triennial survey.
Population scope:: population residing in households within Spain.
Reference period for the results:: 2025.
Sampling type:: three-stage sampling with stratification in the first stage units. The first-stage units are the census sections. The second stage units are the main family dwellings, with all households having their usual residence there being researched. Within each household, an adult (15 years or older) is selected to fill in the Adults Questionnaire and, in the case of minors under 15, a minor is also selected to fill in the Minors Questionnaire.

Collection method:: questionnaire, telephone interview and personal interview.

More information on the methodology and the standardised methodological report.

INE statistics are produced in accordance with the Code of Good Practice for European Statistics. More information on Quality at INE and the Code of Best Practices.