- Methods and Projects
- Standards and Classifications
Standardised Methodological Report
Spanish Tourism Satellite Account. Base 2010
- 1Contact
- 1.1Contact organisation
National Statistics Institute of Spain
- 1.5Contact mail address
Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 - 28050 Madrid
- 1.1Contact organisation
- 2Metadata update
- 2.1Metadata last certified
29/01/2024
- 2.2Metadata last posted
22/12/2023
- 2.3Metadata last update
29/01/2024
- 2.1Metadata last certified
- 3Statistical presentation
- 3.1Data description
The Tourism Satellite Account of Spain Base 2010 (TSAS) is a synthesis statistical operation that presents the different economic parameters of tourism in Spain for a given reference date. It includes three types of elements:
- Supply accounts and tables, in which the production structure and costs of tourism companies are characterised.
- Demand tables in which the different types of tourists (domestic vs foreign tourism) and the types of goods and services required, among other things, are characterised from an economic perspective.
- Tables that interrelate supply and demand, which facilitate obtaining integrated measurements of the contribution of tourism to the economy, via macro variables such as GDP, production or employment
.To obtain a systematic, comparable and complete representation of the tourist activity, which is adjusted as far as possible to the concepts, definitions and classifications that appear in the TSA handbook compiled by the World Tourism Organization.
It studies all the variables related to the generation and distribution of tourism added value, employment, gross formation of fixed capital and tourism expenditure. It does so by using the different classification variables included in the TSA handbook plus those whose presentation is considered necessary for the description of tourism in Spain.
- 3.2Classification system
- Clasificaciones utilizadas
National Activities Classification of Economic NACE 2009
Classification of Products by Activity (CPA 2008)
Classification of assets according to the European System of Accounts:
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1996R2223:20071230:EN:PDF
Classification of the categories of tourism expenditure according to International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/SeriesF_80rev1s.pdf
- Clasificaciones utilizadas
- 3.3Sector coverage
The expenditure considered is the one incurred by resident tourists within and outside of Spain, as well as non-resident tourists in Spain.
From the business perspective, the industries related to tourism are considered.
- 3.4Statistical concepts and definitions
- Company
The company is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organizational unit producing goods or
services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the
allocation of its current resources. A company carries out one or more activities at one or more
locations. A company may be a sole legal unit. - Usual residence
Place where a person normally spends rest periods, not taking into account temporary absences due to leisure trips, holidays, visits to family and friends, business, visiting friends or relatives or religious pilgrimages. Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that only usual residents in a region will be considered:
- Those who, according to the previous definition, would usually have lived therein for a continuous period of at least 12 months.
- Those who, according to the previous definition, would have established their usual residence therein less than 12 months ago, but with the intention of remaining therein for at least one year.
Where the above circumstances cannot be established, "usual residence" shall mean the place of registered residence. - Turista
Persona que realiza un viaje turístico con al menos una pernoctación.
- Viaje
Desplazamiento fuera del municipio de residencia, por cualquier motivo, en el que se pernocta al menos una noche y que finaliza en el periodo de referencia
- Visitante
Persona que viaja a un destino principal distinto al de su entorno habitual, por una duración inferior a un año, con cualquier finalidad principal (ocio, negocios u otro motivo personal) que no sea ser empleado por una entidad residente en el país o lugar visitado. Estos viajes realizados por los visitantes se consideran viajes turísticos.
- Visitante no residente
Es aquel visitante que en la fecha de referencia tiene establecida su residencia habitual fuera de un determinado ámbito geográfico (país).
- Visitante residente
Es aquel visitante que en la fecha de referencia tiene establecida su residencia habitual en un determinado ámbito geográfico (país)
- Company
- 3.5Statistical unit
Two basic statistical units are considered:
- the resident and non-resident tourist who travels to the national territory.
- the company whose main activity is delimited within tourism industries( restarurants, accommodation, passenger transport, cultural and recreational activities....).
- 3.6Statistical population
The Tourism Satellite Account combines data taken from several different statistical sources. The concept of statistical population cannot be strictly applied to the context of this account.
- 3.7Reference area
The geographical scope is the entire national territory.
- 3.8Time coverage
Time coverage is the natural year
- 3.9Base period
Year 2015 for chained indices
- 3.1Data description
- 4Unit of measure
- 4.1Unit of measure
The main economic variables are presented in millions of euros. As regards employment data are provided in thousands of jobs.
- 4.1Unit of measure
- 5Reference period
- 5.1Reference period
Annual series 2016-2022
Data referred to the period: Anual A: 2022
- 5.1Reference period
- 6Institutional mandate
- 6.1Legal acts and other agreements
The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2021-2024, approved by Royal Decree 1110/2020, of 15 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2021-2024. (Statistics of the State Administration).
- 6.2Data sharing
The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
Data is not distributed to other institutions.
- 6.1Legal acts and other agreements
- 7Confidentiality
- 7.1Confidentiality - policy
The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
- 7.2Confidentiality - data treatment
INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
The Tourism Satellite Account is a statistical operation included in the National Statistical Plan. It is therefore subject to the Law on the Public Statistical Function, of 9 May 1989, and its data is protected by Statistical Secrecy in all the stages of its compilation.
- 7.1Confidentiality - policy
- 8Release policy
- 8.1Release calendar
The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
- 8.2Release calendar access
The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
- 8.3User access
The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
- 8.1Release calendar
- 9Frequency of dissemination
- 9.1Frequency of dissemination
Data is disseminated annually.
- 9.1Frequency of dissemination
- 10Accessibility and clarity
- 10.1News release
The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
- 10.2Publications
Users of the Tourism Satellite Account may access the data via the INE website. Specifically, the following links appear:
· Press release: it includes a summary of the different economic parameters of tourism in Spain.
· General tables : they include the contribution of tourism to the GDP of the Spanish economy and the balances of tourism flows corresponding to the accounting series.
· Detailed Results : they include the tables that present tourism demand, tourism supply and the contrast between supply and demand, as well as the information about the main indicators of companies related to the tourism industry.
The INE website, also offers information regarding other TSAS bases
- 10.3On-line database
INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
Information regarding the TSAS may be obtained in the following link:
AC1=141,651
- 10.4Micro-data access
A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
Given its characteristics, the TSAS does not provide a microdata file.
- 10.5Other
Every certain time, Eurostat publishes a collection of European Country TSAs.
The last one was published in 2023 with the name "Tourism Satellite Accounts in Europe, 2023 edition", available in:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-statistical-reports/w/ks-ft-22-011
- 10.6Documentation on methodology
For the compilation of the TSAS, the following methodological document is available:
Tourism Satellite Account: Recommendations on the conceptual framework, 2008
Compiled by United Nations, WTO, OECD and Eurostat. Available in the following link:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/SeriesF_80rev1e.pdf
- 10.7Quality documentation
Fields 10.6 to 17 of this text make up the user-friendly quality report for this operation.
- 10.1News release
- 11Quality management
- 11.1Quality assurance
Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
To ensure quality information on the CSTE standards and internationally accepted recommendations are followed, the results are compared and contrasted with other existing information in the INE itself and other agencies (Turespaña, Bank of Spain mainly) and ensures consistency with the Input-Output framework of the National Accounts.
- 11.2Quality assessment
The overall quality of the CSTE is guaranteed consistency with the Input-Output framework of the National Accounts of Spain. The great diversity of sources of information on basic tourism statistics greatly guarantees the timely, accurate estimates.
However exiten aspects as collective consumption or gross fixed capital formation requiring latest information sources.
- 11.1Quality assurance
- 12Relevance
- 12.1User needs
The main users are:
- Ministries and other public institutions.
- Turespaña
- Companies and institutions.
- Researchers and universities.
- Individuals.
- 12.2User satisfaction
The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
"On the INE website, in the category of Quality -> Quality Management -> Evaluation systems and quality monitoring -> User surveys, are available surveys conducted to date"
- 12.3Completeness
The TSAS meets the information requirements of the National Statistics Plan and provides 100% of the requested results.
R1= 100%
- 12.1User needs
- 13Accuracy and reliability
- 13.1Overall accuracy
Being a synthesis operation the sampling errors that affect it come from the sources from which the information is collected, which are analyzed to see if they are kept within reasonable limits. Non-sampling errors may come from both the sources and the treatment of the information in this operation (lack of coverage, measurement errors). In summary, the direct measure of acuracity in this case is not considered possible. The main instrument to analyze the acidity is the analysis of the reviews (see 17.2)
The reviews show the degree of proximity between successive estimators of the same value, and it is reasonable to assume that the estimators converge to the true value when they are based on better and more reliable data. - 13.2Sampling error
This is a synthesis statistical operation and not a survey, therefore the sampling error concept is not applicable.
However, it is affected indirectly by these errors since among its sources of information there are surveys. Nevertheless, the producers of these sources have worked to reduce these errors as much as possible.
- 13.3Non-sampling error
Non-sampling errors of the TSAS come from its nature of being a synthesis statistical operation. Coherence with the Input-Output framework and balance between supply and demand limit this type of errors.
The main tool to analyse accuracy is the analysis of the revision. Revisions show the degree of proximity between subsequent estimators of the same value, and it is reasonable to suppose that the estimators converge to the true value when they are based on better and more reliable data.
- 13.1Overall accuracy
- 14Timeliness and punctuality
- 14.1Timeliness
The period of time elapsed between the researched phenomenon and data availability is one year, in the case of provisional data:
TP1=12 months
The definitive data are published three years after the investigated period:
TP2=36 months
- 14.2Punctuality
The publication is disseminated on the date indicated in the publication calendar.
- 14.1Timeliness
- 15Coherence and Comparability
- 15.1Comparability - geographical
The TSAS methodology are international recommendations, that are not applied systematically by all EU member states, which complicates the comparability of data.
Because it is a national statistical operation, there is no data by Autonomous Communities to be compared.
- 15.2Comparability - over time
The basic methodology for the compilation of TSAS is adapted to base changes carried out on National Accounts. The current one is the statistic revision 2019.
The variables analyzed are comparable over the period 2016-2022 : CC2 = 7 - 15.3Coherence - cross domain
The Tourism Satellite Account in Spain is integrated in the National Accounts framework, therefore it is coherent with the accounts and tables published by the National Accounts.
- 15.4Coherence - internal
Estimates have full internal coherence, since they are based on the same set of data and are calculated using the same methods of estimation at all levels.
- 15.1Comparability - geographical
- 16Cost and burden
- 16.1Cost and burden
The estimate of the budgetary credit needed to finance the planned statistics in the Annual Programme 2023 is 85.02 thousands of euros.
There is no direct workload on the informants, since the Tourism Satellite Account is made using the information provided by other statistical sources.
- 16.1Cost and burden
- 17Data revision
- 17.1Data revision - policy
The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
In the year T from the T-3, T-2 and T-1 series are disseminated. The data of T-2 and T-1 are provisional and T-3 are considered definitive.
If applicable, revisions carried out in annual National Accounts are also incorporated in TSA.
- 17.2Data revision - practice
absolute average revision (MAR): +2,295.7 (Mill €) Tourism Contribution to GDP
average absolute revision relativ (RMAR): +0,2% Tourism Contribution to GDP
Time reference: 2020 last year to move from provisional to definitive
- 17.1Data revision - policy
- 18Statistical processing
- 18.1Source data
The data obtained for the TSAS are not based on a direct survey, the following sources are used:
- Familitur (IET), to obtain an estimate of the number of trips and overnight stays in Spain and abroad.
- Resident Travel Survey (INE from february 2015), to obtain an estimate of the number of trips and overnight stays in Spain and abroad.
- Egatur (IET, INE from october 2015) to obtain, an estimate of the expenditure on different tourism services.
- Frontur (IET, INE from october 2015) to obtain an estimate of the total amount of tourists by accomodation type.
- Tourist occupancy surveys (INE)
- Annual Services Survey (INE)
- Services Sector Activity Indices (INE)
- Passenger Transport Statistics (Ministry of Public Works, INE)
- Spanish National Accounts
- Household Budget Survey (INE)
- 18.2Frequency of data collection
Annual frequency
- 18.3Data collection
Data collection techniques may vary depending on the type of source, the availability date of the data, etc.
Specifically the Familitur, Egatur, Frontur statistics are available annually for year t-1 whereas the Supply and Use table of the National Accounts are available for t-3.
- 18.4Data validation
Data quality is monitored by checking its temporary evolution and its adjustment to the terms of the National Accounts and TSAS. Similarly, coherence with the Input-Output framework of the National Accounts and the balance between supply and demand are two conditions that guarantee data quality.
- 18.5Data compilation
After the source data is obtained, the tables that make up TSAS are compiled, ensuring coherence between supply and demand.
- 18.6Adjustment
Not carried out
- 18.1Source data
- 19Comment
- 19.1Comment
While the compilation of TSAS is compulsory as it is part of the statistics included in the National Statistical Plan, the methodology to be followed is not compulsory, there being some recommendations included in the aforementioned document "Tourism Satellite Accounts: Recommendations on the conceptual framework", compiled by United Nations, WTO, OECD and Eurostat. Available on the following link:
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/Seriesf/SeriesF_80rev1e.pdf
- 19.1Comment