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Dashboard Trade in Value Added

Minimise complete Methodological Report

- 1.1. Contact organisation
  - National Statistics Institute of Spain
- 1.5. Contact mail address
  - Avenida de Manoteras 50-52 - 28050 Madrid
- 2.1. Metadata last certified
  - 24/07/2026
- 2.2. Metadata last posted
  - 20/07/2026
- 2.3. Metadata last update
  - 24/07/2026
- 3.1. Data description
  - The Trade in Value Added (TiVA) Indicators Dashboard makes it possible to assess the impact of Spain's participation in global value chains on domestic economic activity (or that of the rest of the world) from different perspectives, including value added generated, employment supported, and greenhouse gas emissions. The dashboard is compiled within the framework of the System of National Accounts (SNA).
    
    Study variables: domestic value added, foreign value added, domestic employment (number of persons employed), and CO₂e emissions.
    
    Classification variables: industry, importing country, exporting country, domestic greenhouse gas emissions, foreign greenhouse gas emissions, and reference year.
- 3.2. Classification system
  - - Clasificaciones utilizadas
      - Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE Rev. 2)
- 3.3. Sector coverage
  - 64 industries, corresponding to the A*64 level of the NACE Rev. 2 classification.
- 3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
- 3.5. Statistical unit
  - The units used to describe production processes and to carry out input-output analysis within the framework of the national accounts are local kind-of-activity units (local KAUs). Under the European System of Accounts (ESA), local KAUs are grouped into industries. An activity is characterised by its intermediate inputs of goods and services, a production process, and the resulting outputs (goods and services).
- 3.6. Statistical population
  - The target population comprises all institutional units that are resident in each national economy. An institutional unit is considered resident in a country if it has its centre of predominant economic interest in the country's economic territory, regardless of its nationality, legal form, or physical presence in that economic territory at the time a transaction takes place. Each local kind-of-activity unit (local KAU) belongs to one, and only one, institutional unit.
- 3.7. Reference area
  - 50 countries, comprising the 27 EU Member States, 22 non-EU countries, and one additional aggregate economy representing the rest of the world.
- 3.8. Time coverage
  - Reference period: 2010–2024.
- 3.9. Base period
  - Not applicable.
- 4.1. Unit of measure
  - - Value added: millions of euros.
    
    - Employment: thousands of persons employed.
    
    - Greenhouse gas emissions: thousand tonnes of CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e).
- 5.1. Reference period
  - Calendar year.
- 6.1. Legal acts and other agreements
  - The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2025-2028, approved by Royal Decree 1225/2024, of 3 December, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2025-2028. (Statistics of the State Administration).
- 6.2. Data sharing
  - The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
- 7.1. Confidentiality - policy
  - The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
- 7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
  - INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
    In particular, the Trade in Value Added Indicators Dashboard is a synthesis statistic whose results are compiled from aggregated data obtained from other statistical or administrative sources. It is therefore not possible to identify information relating to individual units in these results. Such information would, in any case, be protected by statistical confidentiality, in accordance with the provisions of Law 12/1989 on the Public Statistical Function.
- 8.1. Release calendar
  - The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
- 8.2. Release calendar access
  - The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
- 8.3. User access
  - The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
- 9.1. Frequency of dissemination
  - Annual.
- 10.1. News release
  - The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
- 10.2. Publications
  - The Dashboard is generally published in July of year t, with indicators available from year 2010 up to year t−2.
- 10.3. On-line database
  - INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.
    
    https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/en/index.htm?padre=12515
- 10.4. Micro-data access
  - A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
- 10.5. Other
  - Not applicable.
- 10.6. Documentation on methodology
  - https://www.ine.es/en/metodologia/meto_TiVA_en.pdf
- 10.7. Quality documentation
  - To date, no quality report has been disseminated for this statistical operation.
- 11.1. Quality assurance
  - Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.
    
    The Trade in Value Added Indicators Dashboard is compiled and disseminated in accordance with the principles established in the European Statistics Code of Practice.
    
    Furthermore, as a synthesis statistic, its quality relies on the source from which it is compiled, FIGARO (Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis). FIGARO is a European statistical framework that develops multiregional input-output tables and indicators integrating economic data from EU Member States and the rest of the world. The quality of the Dashboard also depends on the multiple underlying data sources on which FIGARO is based, developed within the framework of national and European statistical planning.
    
    Efforts are made to ensure that all these sources provide the most accurate information possible, minimising the different types of errors that may affect them. In addition, the accounting consistency underlying the entire system of multiregional supply and use tables provides an additional quality assurance for the results obtained.
    
    The operation also follows the organisation’s quality assurance framework, applying established best practices, carrying out quality analyses, and implementing the relevant evaluation procedures to ensure the reliability, coherence, and accuracy of the statistical results.
- 11.2. Quality assessment
  - Eurostat conducts comprehensive quality assessments of the data transmitted by Member States on their national accounts, which constitute the main source for the compilation of FIGARO and the indicators included in this statistical operation. These assessments are carried out within the framework of the National Accounts Data Transmission Programme to Eurostat, established by Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 on the European System of National and Regional Accounts, as well as in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 1287/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the harmonisation of gross national income at market prices, and Regulation (EC) No 479/2009 on the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure.
    
    As part of its annual quality reports, Eurostat assesses the completeness, timeliness, and consistency of the tables with the main national accounts aggregates, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2016/2304.
- 12.1. User needs
  - The Trade in Value Added (TiVA) Indicators Dashboard makes it possible to assess the impact of Spain’s participation in global value chains on domestic economic activity (or that of the rest of the world) from different perspectives, including value added generated, employment supported, and greenhouse gas emissions.
    
    These indicators allow, for example, the analysis of the value added or employment generated in the domestic economy by Spanish exports, or those generated in foreign economies by Spanish imports. They also make it possible to quantify the share of the value of exports corresponding to domestic or foreign value added and employment, assess the impact of international trade in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, and measure the degree of exposure of the Spanish economy to other countries and regions through global value chains.
    
    This information is highly relevant, as it makes it possible to identify how the Spanish economy actually contributes to global value creation, rather than merely measuring gross foreign trade flows, which often conceal the role played by each country in international supply chains.
    
    Among the main users of the results of this statistical operation are the Government of Spain, the European Commission, the European Central Bank, the OECD, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the United Nations, as well as economic research departments and analysts more broadly.
- 12.2. User satisfaction
  - The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...
    
    On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click next link)
- 12.3. Completeness
  - This statistical operation is not subject to any regulatory requirement establishing a framework for the measurement of its completeness.
- 13.1. Overall accuracy
  - This statistical operation is a synthesis statistic; therefore, its accuracy depends to a large extent on the information sources used in its compilation. Nevertheless, the accounting identities established by the supply and use tables, together with the general equilibrium process of the underlying multiregional input-output model, make it possible to assess and improve the coherence and completeness of the estimates, addressing potential gaps and inconsistencies in the basic data sources.
- 13.2. Sampling error
  - This statistical operation is a synthesis statistic; therefore, the concept of sampling errors is not applicable. However, it is indirectly affected by such errors, as some of its information sources are based on surveys. Nevertheless, the accounting identities established by the supply and use tables, together with the general equilibrium process of the underlying multiregional input-output model, make it possible to assess and improve the coherence and completeness of the estimates.
- 13.3. Non-sampling error
  - This statistical operation is a synthesis statistic; therefore, it is indirectly affected by any errors present in its information sources. Nevertheless, the accounting identities established by the supply and use tables, together with the general equilibrium process of the underlying multiregional input-output model, make it possible to assess and improve the coherence and completeness of the estimates, reducing the impact of these types of errors.
- 14.1. Timeliness
  - The final results for year t are published approximately 19 months after the end of the reference period.
- 14.2. Punctuality
  - Data dissemination is carried out in accordance with the availability calendar for structural statistics that the INE prepares and publishes each year.
- 15.1. Comparability - geographical
  - The national accounts systems underlying the multiregional input-output model used ensure the conceptual and methodological harmonisation of its results and guarantee the international comparability of the published indicators.
- 15.2. Comparability - over time
  - The annual results disseminated are fully comparable over time, as they are compiled according to the same accounting methodology and based on homogeneous statistical sources and procedures.
- 15.3. Coherence - cross domain
  - The Trade in Value Added (TiVA) Indicators Dashboard is compiled within the framework of the national accounts system and is consistent with the macroeconomic aggregates of the Spanish National Accounts and the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistics.
- 15.4. Coherence - internal
  - The methodology of the multiregional input-output model underlying these indicators (FIGARO) ensures compliance with all the accounting identities established within the model and consistency with the main national macroeconomic aggregates.
    
    At the time of the release of the FIGARO database by EUROSTAT in July of year t, with coverage from 2010 to t-2, the national accounts aggregates are consistent with those included in the EUROSTAT National Accounts database for each country, except for exports and imports, which necessarily need to be adjusted to ensure overall consistency. This adjustment ensures that exports from country A to country B match imports of country B from country A. It should be noted that subsequent revisions made by countries to their national accounts aggregates throughout the year are not automatically incorporated into the FIGARO database. They are only reflected in the next annual release, which includes all revisions made up to that point.
- 16.1. Cost and burden
  - This statistical operation does not impose any burden on respondents. As a statistical synthesis operation, it makes use of data that are already available within the public administration.
- 17.1. Data revision - policy
  - The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).
    
    This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow: routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.
    
    The Trade in Value Added Indicators Dashboard is a structural statistical product, and its estimates are subject to a revision process. This process is determined by the dependence on the underlying national accounts data and on the balancing process of the underlying multiregional input-output model.
- 17.2. Data revision - practice
  - The results for 2024 are considered provisional.
- 18.1. Source data
  - The Dashboard is based on the results of the FIGARO project (Full International and Global Accounts for Research in Input-Output Analysis) developed by Eurostat, which produces MRIO tables and indicators integrating economic data from EU Member States and the rest of the world. It is the result of the cooperation between Eurostat and the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), and has been part of European official statistics since 2022. FIGARO provides annual results in each year t referring to year t-2. The series of results currently available covers the period from 2010 onwards.
    
    In addition, the Dashboard uses employment, output and value added data by industry from the Spanish National Accounts, as well as greenhouse gas emissions data from the Air Emissions Accounts, both compiled by the National Statistics Institute (INE).
- 18.2. Frequency of data collection
  - The collection of results from the underlying data sources is carried out annually.
- 18.3. Data collection
  - The data used are the results of a European statistics (FIGARO), produced by Eurostat, and statistics produced by the INE itself. In general, the required information is published on the corresponding websites, where the relevant results or databases can be accessed directly.
- 18.4. Data validation
  - The sources used already have their own data validation processes in place. No additional validation processes are required.
- 18.5. Data compilation
  - The compilation process involves:
    
    - Collection and analysis of the results from the underlying data sources.
    - Computation of indicators.
    - Generation of results in a standardised format for dissemination in tables and graphical format.
- 18.6. Adjustment
  - Not applicable.
- 19.1. Comment
  - Not applicable.