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Industrial New Orders Received Indices

• 1Contact
  • 1.1Contact organisation
    National Statistics Institute of Spain
    
  • 1.5Contact mail address
    Paseo de la Castellana 183 - 28046 Madrid
    
• 2Metadata update
  • 2.1Metadata last certified
    02/04/2019
  • 2.2Metadata last posted
    21/03/2019
  • 2.3Metadata last update
    02/04/2019
• 3Statistical presentation
  • 3.1Data description

    The objective of the Industrial New Orders Received Indices (INORI) is to measure the evolution of the activities of those companies that are part of the industrial sector in Spain, using the future demand targeting the industrial branches.

    It consists in a survey for industrial establishments, which supply information regarding the value of the orders of industrial goods and services provided to third parties. The results of this statistical operation are presented in the form of indices, with the objective of measuring variations, taking 2015 as base year.

    Every month, the indices and their variation rates (monthly, annual and the average for the year to date) are published for:

    • Different economic activity breakdown levels, according to CNAE-2009 (sections, divisions and specific sets of groups)
    • Aggregates according to the economic destination of the goods (consumer goods (total and broken down into durable and non-durable consumer goods), capital goods, intermediate goods and energy)
    • Autonomous Communities
    • Markets (domestic (internal) market, total foreign (external) market and broken down into the Eurozone and the non-Eurozone)

    Likewise, most of the aforementioned information is published adjusted for seasonal and calendar effects.

  • 3.2Classification system
    • Actividades económicas por MIG
      MIG_COG   Bienes de consumo
      MIG_DCOG   Bienes de consumo duraderos
           264_267   Fabricación de productos electrónicos de consumo, instrumentos de óptica y equipo fotográfico
           275   Fabricación de aparatos domésticos
           309   Fabricación de motocicletas, bicicletas, vehículos para discapacitados y otro material de transporte n.c.o.p.
           31   Fabricación de muebles
           321_322   Fabricación de artículos de joyería, bisutería y de instrumentos musicales
      MIG_NDCOG   Bienes de consumo no duraderos
           101-108_X_106   Industria de la alimentación excepto productos de molinería, almidones y de alimentación animal
           11   Fabricación de bebidas
           12   Industria del tabaco
           139   Fabricación de tejidos de punto, alfombras, cuerdas, telas no tejidas, productos textiles de uso técnico e industrial y otros productos textiles
           14   Confección de prendas de vestir
           15   Industria del cuero y del calzado
           18   Artes gráficas y reproducción de soportes grabados
           204   Fabricación de artículos de limpieza y abrillantamiento; perfumes y cosméticos
           21   Fabricación de productos farmacéuticos
           323_324_329   Fabricación de artículos de deporte; juegos y juguetes; industrias manufactureras n.c.o.p.
      MIG_CAG   Bienes de equipo
           251-254   Fabricación de elementos metálicos para construcción, contenedores de metal, generadores de vapor, armas y municiones
           262-266_X_264   Fabricación de ordenadores, equipos periféricos y de telecomunicaciones; aparatos de medida, verificación y navegación; equipos de radiación, electromédicos y electroterapéuticos
           28   Fabricación de maquinaria y equipo n.c.o.p.
           29   Fabricación de vehículos de motor, remolques y semirremolques
           30_X_309   Construcción naval, ferroviaria, aeronáutica y espacial y de vehículos de combate
           325   Fabricación de instrumentos y suministros médicos y odontológicos
           33   Reparación e instalación de maquinaria y equipo
      MIG_ING   Bienes intermedios
           07   Extracción de minerales metálicos
           08   Otras industrias extractivas
           106_109   Fabricación de productos de molinería, almidones y de alimentación animal
           13_X_139   Preparación e hilado de fibras textiles; fabricación de tejidos textiles; acabado de textiles
           16   Industria de la madera y del corcho, excepto muebles; cestería y espartería
           17   Industria del papel
           20_X_204   Industria química excepto artículos de limpieza y abrillantamiento, perfumes y cosméticos
           22   Fabricación de productos de caucho y plásticos
           23   Fabricación de otros productos minerales no metálicos
           24   Metalurgia; fabricación de productos de hierro, acero y ferroaleaciones
           255-259   Forja, estampación, embutición y otro tratamiento de metales; fabricación de artículos de ferretería y otros productos metálicos
           261_268   Fabricación de componentes electrónicos y circuitos impresos ensamblados; soportes magnéticos y ópticos
           27_X_275   Fabricación de material y equipo eléctrico excepto aparatos domésticos
      MIG_NRG   Energía
           05   Extracción de antracita, hulla y lignito
           06   Extracción de crudo de petróleo y gas natural
           19   Coquerías y refino de petróleo
    • CNAE-2009, divisiones (excepto 09) de B y C
      Divisiones (dos dígitos) de las secciones B (excepto sección 09) y C de la CNAE 2009
      Ver en GESCLA
    • Comunidades Autónomas
      01   Andalucía
      02   Aragón
      03   Asturias, Principado de
      04   Balears, Illes
      05   Canarias
      06   Cantabria
      07   Castilla y León
      08   Castilla - La Mancha
      09   Cataluña
      10   Comunitat Valenciana
      11   Extremadura
      12   Galicia
      13   Madrid, Comunidad de
      14   Murcia, Región de
      15   Navarra, Comunidad Foral de
      16   País Vasco
      17   Rioja, La
    • Mercado
      1   Mercado interior
      2   Mercado exterior
           2.1   Zona Euro
           2.2   Resto del mundo
  • 3.3Sector coverage

    Economic activity coverage:

    The following sections in CNAE-2009 are included:

    B: Extractive industries (except division 09 which is not relevant for the Spanish industry)
    C: Manufacturing industry

    Size class coverage:

    They is no threshold for any variable in this statistical operation. In INORI, the cut-off sampling is used being the cut-off variable the turnover and the selected units are those covering at least the 80% of the turnover of the stratum (NUTS2-division/subdivision) estimated by the Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector.

  • 3.4Statistical concepts and definitions
    • Establishment or Local Unit
      Establishment or Local Unit is the productive unit located in a topographically marked place (workshop, mine, factory, etc.), from which economic activities are carried out by one or more persons from the same company.
      
      The establishment or Local Unit is the observation or information unit, that is, the unit chosen from the directory and to which the questionnaire data is to refer
    • Incoming orders or new orders received
      It considers the Incoming Orders to be the value of the orders received and firmly accepted by the observation unit during the reference period. The terms Incoming Orders and new orders received to be equivalent.
      As the order implies a future sale of goods and services, the headings to be considered in its definition are the same as those of turnover.
    • Order
      An Order is defined as the value of the agreement, regardless of the form in which it is adopted (verbal, written, etc.), by which the producer accepts to supplied some goods or to provide some industrial services to a third party, whether they have been performed by the producer or through subcontracting. The order is accepted if, by the judgment of the producer, there is sufficient proof that it is a valid agreement.
    • Subcontracting
      According to the National Classification of Economic Activities CNAE-2009, the term subcontracting refers to the contractual agreement according to which the main one requests that the contractor carry out certain specific tasks, such as parts of the production process or even the complete production process, services related to human resources or certain support services.
      Contractors, in other words, units that carry out an activity on behalf on third parties are generally classified with units producing the same goods and services independently, except in trade and in construction. The term subcontractor is also used.
      In the manufacturing industry, the main one provides the contractor with the technical specifications for manufacturing activity to be carried out on material input. The material input (raw materials or intermediate products) may or may not be provided by (in other words, property of) the main one.
    • Turnover
      This includes the total amounts invoiced by the observation unit, during the reference period, for the sales of goods and services supplied to third parties, considering both those carried out directly by the observation unit itself, and those from temporary outsourcing.
      
      These sales of goods or services are accounted for in net terms, that is, including the charges to the client (transport, packages, etc.), though invoiced separately, but deducting the discount on sales for early payment, returns of sales or the value of returned packages, as well as taxes on sales. This includes taxes and fees on goods or services invoiced by the unit, but excludes the VAT paid by the client.
      
      From an administrative point of view, the General Accounting Plan (PGC) (RD 1514/2007, of 16 November) defines the Total net value of turnover, using the following accounting items: C700+C701+C702+C703+C704+C705-C706-C708-C709 with:
      
      C700. Sales of merchandise
      C701. Sales of finished products
      C702. Sales of semi-finished products
      C703. Sales of sub-products and waste
      C704. Sales of packages and packaging
      C705. Provision of services
      C706. Discount on sales for early payment
      C708. Returns of sales and similar transactions
      C709. "Taxes" on sales
      
      Therefore, turnover includes neither subsidies nor other operating income. It also excludes financial and extraordinary income, and other income that affects the results of the fiscal year.
  • 3.5Statistical unit

    Regulation (EC) no. 1165/98, of 19 May 1998, on short-term statistics, amended, among others, by European Parliament and Council Regulation no. 1158/2005, of 6 July 2005, under which this indicator has been designed, establishes that the basic statistical unit (or information unit) is the economic activity unit. For this statistical operation, this is defined as the unit that carries out a single economic activity, to four digits of CNAE-2009, included in sections B and C.

    In practice, due to the lack of an appropriate framework for said units, the establishment (unit which carries out one or more economic activities in a single physical location) is used as the information unit.

  • 3.6Statistical population

    The target population of study of the survey comprises those economic activity units whose main economic activity is included in sections B (Extractive industries) and C (Manufacturing industry) of CNAE-2009.

    The sources used to build the frame are the Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector and PRODCOM.

    The sampling size is approximately 12,000 units.

  • 3.7Reference area

    The survey covers the entire national territory, except Ceuta and Melilla.

  • 3.8Time coverage

    The INORI began to be calculated for reference month January 2002, in base 2000. In 2009, the data began to be published with base 2005. In 2013 the data in base 2010 was disseminated. Since the first publication of the indices corresponding to reference month January 2018, base 2015 is being used.

    They are published monthly.

  • 3.9Base period

    Although INORI does not have to fulfil the Council Regulation No 1165/98 of 19 May 1998 concerning short-term statistics, amended by Regulation No 1158/2005 of 6 July 2005 which concerns short-term statistics, to be consistent with the ITI every five years, INORI will be rebased, using as base years the years ending with a 0 or a 5 and that all indices must be rebased on the new base year within three years after the end of each new base year.

    For this reason in 2018 the data will be disseminated in base 2015. For this base we have:

    • Base year, weights' reference year: 2015.
    • Reference year, year where the indices have as average 100: 2015.
• 4Unit of measure
  • 4.1Unit of measure

    Value indices and monthly, annual and year-to-date average rates.

• 5Reference period
  • 5.1Reference period

    The data provided by the respondents regarding orders refers to full calendar month.

    Data referred to the period: Mensual A: 2019 MES: 01

• 6Institutional mandate
  • 6.1Legal acts and other agreements

    The compilation and dissemination of the data are governed by the Statistical Law No. 12/1989 "Public Statistical Function" of May 9, 1989, and Law No. 4/1990 of June 29 on “National Budget of State for the year 1990" amended by Law No. 13/1996 "Fiscal, administrative and social measures" of December 30, 1996, makes compulsory all statistics included in the National Statistics Plan. The National Statistical Plan 2009-2012 was approved by the Royal Decree 1663/2008. It contains the statistics that must be developed in the four year period by the State General Administration's services or any other entity dependent on it. All statistics included in the National Statistics Plan are statistics for state purposes and are obligatory. The National Statistics Plan 2017-2020, approved by Royal Decree 410/2016, of 31 October, is the Plan currently implemented. This statistical operation has governmental purposes, and it is included in the National Statistics Plan 2017-2020. (Statistics of the State Administration).

    
    

    Up until 31 May 2012, the INORI was subject to Council Regulation (EC) no. 1165/98, of 19 May 1998, regarding short-term statistics, and its amendment by European Parliament and Council Regulation (EC) no. 1158/2005, of 6 July 2005, which establish the common framework for the production of community statistics regarding the short-term evolution of the economic cycle.

    As of that date, the INORI was not subject to any legal act within the scope of the EU.

  • 6.2Data sharing
    The exchanges of information needed to elaborate statistics between the INE and the rest of the State statistical offices (Ministerial Departments, independent bodies and administrative bodies depending on the State General Administration), or between these offices and the Autonomic statistical offices, are regulated in the LFEP (Law of the Public Statistic Function). This law also regulates the mechanisms of statistical coordination, and concludes cooperation agreements between the different offices when necessary.
    

    Each semester, information is sent to the Autonomous Community Statistics Institutes, via partnership agreements signed with them, at all times in compliance with the requirements established to maintain statistical secrecy.

• 7Confidentiality
  • 7.1Confidentiality - policy
    The Statistical Law No. 12/1989 specifies that the INE cannot publish, or make otherwise available, individual data or statistics that would enable the identification of data for any individual person or entity. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society
    
  • 7.2Confidentiality - data treatment
    INE provides information on the protection of confidentiality at all stages of the statistical process: INE questionnaires for the operations in the national statistical plan include a legal clause protecting data under statistical confidentiality. Notices prior to data collection announcing a statistical operation notify respondents that data are subject to statistical confidentiality at all stages. For data processing, INE employees have available the INE data protection handbook, which specifies the steps that should be taken at each stage of processing to ensure reporting units' individual data are protected. The microdata files provided to users are anonymised.
    

    The Industrial New Orders Received Indices are a statistical operation included in the National Statistical Plan, therefore subject to Law 12/1989, of 9 May, on the Public Statistical Function, and as a result, its data is protected by statistical secrecy at all stages of its compilation.

• 8Release policy
  • 8.1Release calendar
    The advance release calendar that shows the precise release dates for the coming year is disseminated in the last quarter of each year.
    
  • 8.2Release calendar access
    The calendar is disseminated on the INEs Internet website (Publications Calendar)
    
  • 8.3User access
    The data are released simultaneously according to the advance release calendar to all interested parties by issuing the press release. At the same time, the data are posted on the INE's Internet website (www.ine.es/en) almost immediately after the press release is issued. Also some predefined tailor-made requests are sent to registered users. Some users could receive partial information under embargo as it is publicly described in the European Statistics Code of Practice
    
• 9Frequency of dissemination
  • 9.1Frequency of dissemination

    The Industrial New Orders Received Indices are disseminated on a monthly basis.

• 10Accessibility and clarity
  • 10.1News release
    The results of the statistical operations are normally disseminated by using press releases that can be accessed via both the corresponding menu and the Press Releases Section in the web
    
  • 10.2Publications

    The information related to this indicator is published on the INE Spain website where, among others, the following publications are available:

    • Latest press release and its annexed tables: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736148149&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735576715
    • Methodology in which main methodological characteristics of the index are explained, Standarised Methodological Report and file of INORI in the Inventory of Statistical Operations: https://www.ine.es/en/metodologia/t05/t0530053_2015_en.pdf
    • Publications related to Industry and Energy: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736148149&menu=publi&idp=1254735576715
  • 10.3On-line database

    INEbase is the system the INE uses to store statistical information on the Internet. It contains all the information the INE produces in electronic formats. The primary organisation of the information follows the theme-based classification of the Inventory of Statistical Operations of the State General Administration . The basic unit of INEbase is the statistical operation, defined as the set of activities that lead to obtaining statistical results on a determined sector or subject based on the individually collected data. Also included in the scope of this definition are synthesis preparation.

    
    

    The results of the survey are available from year 2002 up to now.

    Results in base 2015 can be found at the following link: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736148149&menu=resultados&idp=1254735576715

    In the previous link, in addition to information related to indices, monthly, annual and year to date rates, it can be consulted weights used in base 2015.

    Series corresponding to bases 2000, 2005 and 2010 are available in the following link: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736148149&menu=enlaces&idp=1254735576715

    In 2018, the INE website was accessed AC1=171,264 times to consult tables containing information regarding the Industrial New Orders Received Indices statistical operation.

  • 10.4Micro-data access
    A lot of statistical operations disseminate public domain anonymized files, available free of charge for downloading in the INE website Microdata Section
    

    The INORI microdata is not accessible to the general public.

    No microdata files are disseminated, as they are only provided to the Regional Statistics Institutes with which a partnership agreement has been signed for the sending of this information, by virtue of the Framework Partnership Agreement between the Spanish National Statistics Institute and the Central Statistics Offices of the Autonomous Communities (OCECAS).

  • 10.5Other

    There is the possibility of requesting customised (tailor-made) information from the INE Customer Service Area. Limitations to confidentiality or precision are borne in mind at the time of processing said requests.

    In addition, those companies that are part of the sample and that complete the questionnaire online, upon request will be provided with a customised report which includes a comparison of the annual rates for the establishment during the last twelve months, as well as that of the sector to which they belong.

  • 10.6Documentation on methodology

    The Methodological Handbook of this statistical operation may be viewed at: https://www.ine.es/metodologia/t05/t0530053_2015.pdf
    In 2018 the number of accesses to methodological documents was 323.

  • 10.7Quality documentation

    The INORI is compiled in accordance with the European Community guidelines, in compliance with the Code of Practice of European statistics adopted by Eurostat.

    Fields 10.6 to 17 of this document are the quality report for this operation oriented to users.

• 11Quality management
  • 11.1Quality assurance

    Quality assurance framework for the INE statistics is based on the ESSCoP, the European Statistics Code of Practice made by EUROSTAT. The ESSCoP is made up of 16 principles, gathered in three areas: Institutional Environment, Processes and Products. Each principle is associated with some indicators which make possible to measure it. In order to evaluate quality, EUROSTAT provides different tools: the indicators mentioned above, Self-assessment based on the DESAP model, peer review, user satisfaction surveys and other proceedings for evaluation.

    
    

    The production process of the INORI is designed to guarantee the quality of the information used, as well as the results obtained thereof. To this end, different quality controls have been designed for all the phases of the process, such as the detection of invalid values, the estimation of non-response, the supervision and inspection of fieldwork and other permanent controls of the information flow.

    This statistical operation follows the Community guidelines, complying with the Code of Practice of European statistics adopted by Eurostat, and adopting the measures necessary for the indicator published to meet all the required quality requirements.

    One of the measures carried out in order to guarantee the quality of this statistical operation consists of contrasting the results of the Industrial New Orders Received Industries (INORI) with those of the Industrial Turnover Indices (ITI), as, from the perspective of the sequence of events of business activity, the INORI may be considered a preview indicator of the ITI, and therefore, there must be certain coherence between the two indices.

  • 11.2Quality assessment

    The main strong points of this statistical operation are: coverage, punctuality and comparability.

    As a matter of fact, the following improvements were applied to base 2010 and they remain in base 2015:
    - Greater geographical and conceptual breakdown (results broken down by market and by Autonomous Community are published for the first time).
    - Obtaining series adjusted for seasonal and calendar effects. Only the original series are published in base 2000, whereas both the original series and the series adjusted for calendar effects are published in base 2005.

    In base 2015  the division 07 was added up to the calculation of the aggregates.

• 12Relevance
  • 12.1User needs

    The survey responds to the information needs of the main users. Worth noting among them are the following:

    • Ministries and other public bodies. This group include different subdirectorates of the Ministry of the Economy and Competitiveness that use the results of this statistical operation in order to compile synthetic activity indicators (such as input) or as a contrast there of, and the European Central Bank, for which special aggregates are generated each month (excluding division 30 of CNAE-2009).
    • Autonomous Communities.
    • Companies. In particular, companies that are part of the sample and complete the questionnaire online, upon request are provided with a personalised report that contains a comparison of the monthly indicators of the establishment itself and those of the indices of the sector to which it belongs. In some specific cases, there is a request for more detailed information, which requires a specific treatment and can only be provided if certain rights are guaranteed, such as the confidentiality of the rest of respondents.
    • Researchers and universities
    • Press
    • Individuals

    Each one of these users has different needs, according to the purpose and use they will make of the information they require. For this reason, customised (tailor-made) information is sometimes provided.

    The adjusted for seasonal and calendar effects series were published in base 2010 for the first time, to meet the information requirements of the European Central Bank, among others.

  • 12.2User satisfaction

    The INE has carried out general user satisfaction surveys in 2007, 2010, 2013,  2016 and 2019 and it plans to continue doing so every three years. The purpose of these surveys is to find out what users think about the quality of the information of the INE statistics and the extent to which their needs of information are covered. In addition, additional surveys are carried out in order to acknowledge better other fields such as dissemination of the information, quality of some publications...

    On the INE website, in its section Methods and Projects / Quality and Code of Practice / INE quality management / User surveys are available surveys conducted to date.(Click  next link)

     

    
    

    The persons responsible for the survey are in permanent contact with the main users, so as to fulfil any specific need for information.

    Likewise, given the possibility of there being requests that are not yet handled due to their complexity, in each base change, they are evaluated in addition to any suggestions from the main users. Most of these demands are met.

  • 12.3Completeness

    The survey responds to all of the requests for information in national regulations. Likewise, all information requests by international bodies are answered.

    The R1 indicator is 100%, R1 being the rate of available obligatory statistical results, which is calculated as the quotient between the amount of data provided and the amount of data required by the applicable regulation.

• 13Accuracy and reliability
  • 13.1Overall accuracy

    The main source of error is probably non-response. There is no proof that the response rate is distributed in such a way that it generates a bias in the indices or their evolution. On the other hand, measures are carried out so as to improve the continuity in the updating of the sample, replacing delistings in a more agile way.

  • 13.2Sampling error

    It is not possible to obtain sampling errors, since the sample is not probabilistic. The sample is based on the cut-off method, which is considered the most appropriate, given the characteristics of the sector.

  • 13.3Non-sampling error

    Non-sampling errors are controlled throughout the entire statistical process.

    Coverage: the survey framework contains the establishments whose main economic activity is encompassed in sections B or C of CNAE-2009 and it is updated annually. The frame sources are the Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector and PRODCOM, and the units to be included in the ITI framework are those that represent at least the 80% of the turnover in the stratum (NUTS2*economic activity at 4 digits level of CNAE-2009). Due to the way the survey framework is obtained, the overcoverage rate is close to zero.

    Total non-response: The average annual non-response rate in 2018 is 1%. The measures that have been taken to reduce it are as follows: to facilitate online completion by sending the access codes to the application in advance, to establish the bulk mailing of reminder e-mails to those respondents that have not answered 7, 12 and 17 days after the reference period, and to extend the data collection period (without delaying the dissemination period).

    Partial non-response: Due to the way the questionnaire is collected the item non response rate in 2018 was 1%.

    Imputation: The monthly variation rates of the collaborating units of each elementary aggregate have been used to impute the values of those units of the same elementary aggregate that did not collaborate during the reference month. The elementary aggregates are the most detailed levels for which the indices are calculated. The average annual rate in 2018 is 1%.

    Editing: Exceptionally, there is editing of establishments that have not responded, and whose evolution is not properly represented by the rest of the establishments in their same aggregate.

    Encoding: It does not include variables that require subsequent coding. The identification variables were encoded when the sample was extracted for the first time. The activity was re-encoded for the microdata with the CNAE change, and the continuous registers are encoded manually.

    Collection tools: the collection is multichannel; the respondent is given the possibility of responding by electronic mail, post, telephone, fax and the Internet. The collection is unassisted, except in special cases.

• 14Timeliness and punctuality
  • 14.1Timeliness

    The INORI is published approximately 51 days following the reference month, together with the ITI.These data are considered are definitive two years after their provisional release.

  • 14.2Punctuality

    During the last quarter of each year, the INE publishes the availability calendar of short-term statistics, which includes the exact publication dates for the following year.

    The INORI is published in accordance with said calendar, so TP3=0.

• 15Coherence and Comparability
  • 15.1Comparability - geographical

    The comparability among EU countries was assured, thanks to Council Regulation no. 1165/98, of 19 May 1998, on short-term statistics, amended by European Parliament and Council Regulation no. 1158/2005, of 6 July 2005. The latter provided these statistics with homogeneity regarding the rest of the European Union countries, which disseminated the same information on their respective industrial sectors.

    As of 2013, some Member States ceased to publish it, and therefore, the comparability lies in those that decide to maintain it.

    The results by Autonomous Community were published for the first time in base 2010, and their comparability is guaranteed, given that the survey has the same design for the entire geographical scope. Therefore, its methodology, design, information collection process and data filtering are the same.

  • 15.2Comparability - over time

    The INORI was published for the first time in the year 2002. Since then, three rebasing processes have been carried out. The first results were published in base 2000. Subsequently, in 2009, they began to be published in base 2005, as from March 2013, they were published in base 2010 and as from March 2018, they are disseminated in base 2015.

    These base changes have entailed the modification of some methodological aspects of the survey, which have meant a break in the series, which has been conveniently treated in order to offer a linked series from the first publication year of the survey up until now.

    In January 2019 the length of the comparable serie is 205.

  • 15.3Coherence - cross domain

    There is a close relationship between the evolution of the different Industry-related indicators (Industrial New Orders Received Indices, Industrial Production Index, Industrial Price Index).

  • 15.4Coherence - internal

    All of the data used for calculating the INORI is obtained via the same collection, validation and imputation processes, which provides them with absolute coherence.

• 16Cost and burden
  • 16.1Cost and burden

    The estimation of the budgetary credit necessary to perform this survey in 2019 comes to a total of 669.67 thousand euros. The response burden on the respondent units has been reduced in recent years, since the implementation of a system that provides the respondents with the possibility of responding via the Internet, which linked to the option of using e-mail to answer, has considerably reduced the time and effort dedicated to completing the questionnaire.

• 17Data revision
  • 17.1Data revision - policy

    The INE of Spain has a policy which regulates the basic aspects of statistical data revision, seeking to ensure process transparency and product quality. This policy is laid out in the document approved by the INE board of directors on 13 March of 2015, which is available on the INE website, in the section "Methods and projects/Quality and Code of Practice/INE’s Quality management/INE’s Revision policy" (link).

    This general policy sets the criteria that the different type of revisions should follow:  routine revision- it is the case of statistics whose production process includes regular revisions-; more extensive revision- when methodological or basic reference source changes take place-; and exceptional revision- for instance, when an error appears in a published statistic-.

    
    

    The common revision policy, in consideration of the new available information, is to check - each month - the data from the twelve months prior to the last published month.

    Nevertheless, on the occasion of the implementation of the new base 2015 in 2018 (date on which the first results for base 2015 were published), all months since January 2015 were previously revised, so as to have a homogenous series available.

    Any changes occurring in the published data series due to the revision process are notified on the INE website, both in the main results tables and in the data tables included in the Press Releases disseminated every month.

  • 17.2Data revision - practice

    The MAR (absolute average size of the revisions) and RMAR (relative average size of the revisions) indicators are used to measure the average revisions of the published index.
    For the annual rate of the INORI general index in the last 36 months, being December 2018 the last one, MAR = 0.43, RMAR = 6.5% and MR = 0.322.

• 18Statistical processing
  • 18.1Source data

    The INORI (Industrial New Orders Received Indices) target those establishments whose main economic activity is included in Sections B and C of CNAE-2009.

    The sources of the framework are Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector and PRODCOM that are statistical operations containing information about the identification, location, territorial distribution and classification by size and economic activity of companies and establishments.

    The size of the INORI sample is approximately 11,000 establishments.

    So as to make the ITI (Industrial Turnover Index) and INORI (Industrial New Orders Received Indices) results comparable with those of the IPI (Industrial Production Index), and thus have an overall view of the economic activity of the industrial sector, the initial ITI and INORI sample was obtained from that of the IPI. Nevertheless, it must be taken into consideration that the population scope of the IPI is broader, since it includes companies whose main economic activity is classified within section D of CNAE-2009 (Supply of electric energy, gas, steam and air conditioning).

    It must also be taken into consideration that, although the initial sample of the INORI is based on that of the IPI, there may have been differences between both for various reasons, e.g., the case of an establishment which stops manufacturing products included in the basket of products selected in the IPI (in this case, the establishment is delisted from IPI, but the same did not necessarily happen in the INORI sample).

  • 18.2Frequency of data collection

    The data collection is carried out monthly.

  • 18.3Data collection

    There are two questionnaire models. The first one requests information on the variables relating to turnover and to the new orders received, the second one, in addition to this information, also requests information regarding the value of the stock (supply). The second model is addressed to those establishments whose main economic activity is in section C of CNAE -2009, and which belong to companies with 50 or more employees. It is also addressed to those establishments whose main economic activity belongs to divisions 13, 14, 15, 16 or 31 of CNAE-2009, and which belong to companies with 20 or more employees. The rest of the establishments are required to complete a model that does not contain the questions regarding the stock (supply).

    The respondent companies send their data via the Internet; by electronic mail; by telephone; by fax or post (print questionnaires).

    In 2018 more than 80% of the respondents used the on-line questionnaire.

  • 18.4Data validation

    In the completion phase of the questionnaire, an inconsistency-detection system is used so that the respondent is informed and required to confirm or modify the information provided.

    When this information is recorded by the INE personnel, there is a recording control system that warns about the possible inconsistencies that may occur. For the data for which there are discrepancies, during this process, the personnel responsible for information collection contacts the respondent so they may confirm or modify the information provided.

    Once all the information is compiled in the Responsible Department, a coverage control of the information is carried out, so as to guarantee the completeness of the recorded data, as well as to detect duplicates and coverage errors, non-response, etc.

  • 18.5Data compilation

    Before starting the process that enables obtaining the indices to be published on this statistical operation, non-response is analysed in order to impute data in accordance with those establishments that have provided information corresponding to the reference month.

    Subsequently, with the information received in the INE collection centres, the data-filtering process begins. The process consists of two phases: in the first phase, microfiltering or microdata filtering is carried out, whereas the second phase consists of an analysis for different aggregation levels, or macrofiltering.

    Microfiltering consists of checking the validity of the data provided by each establishment, considering the historical series they have provided. The analysis establishes inter-monthly and interannual comparisons, and therefore, the data is validated without re-contact when its evolution is repeated periodically.

    The second part of the filtering is carried out once the data is processed all together. Centralised filtering or macrofiltering is carried out with the aggregated information. Unlike microfiltering, in this phase, the weightings of each economic activity are part of the calculation, the variation rates for different aggregation levels are taken into account, etc. In the cases in which information from other sources is available, a coherence process is carried out between these sources and the survey results.

    Due to the rebasing 2015 the INORI weights were updated. The data used to update the weights were the Structural Business Statistics: Industrial Sector year 2015. These weights were revised and analysed in detail.

  • 18.6Adjustment

    In order to carry out the seasonal adjustment of the INORI series, the INE standard has been followed for the correction of seasonal and calendar effects.

    Calendar effects are defined as the impact produced in the time series of a variable, due to the different structure that the months (or quarters) present in the different years (in both length and composition), even if the remaining factors influencing said variable remain constant.

    To correct this problem and obtain a series that compares turnover over time in a homogenous way, the series is corrected, taking into account the following calendar effects: working days, Easter holidays and leap year. In order to collect these effects, regARIMA models with four centred intervention variables have been used for the calendar effect.

    Once the calendar effects are eliminated, the seasonal effect indices are corrected. Seasonal fluctuations are movements that occur with a similar intensity each month, each quarter or each season of the year, and which are expected to continue occurring.

    Seasonally adjusted series, that is, those that are adjusted for seasonal and calendar effects, provide an estimate of what is "new" in a series (changes in the trend, the cycle and the irregular component).

    The adjusted series is published along with the series that is not corrected, so as to complete the short-term analysis.

• 19Comment
  • 19.1Comment

    The definition of turnover included in section 3.4 is a general definition which is applicable to most of the statistical operations targeting units that are dedicated to industrial or services activities.

    However, for the case of the Industrial New Orders Received Indices (INORI), the aforementioned definition of turnover must be clarified, as the concept of turnover used in the INORI does not include, in addition to VAT, other taxes levied on the transaction, sales returns and does not deduct sales rebates.