07/2023
Sustainable Development Goals (7/17)
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
In this number...
The "Indicators of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" is an operation within the National Statistical Plan, which is produced by INE in collaboration with the statistical services of the ministries. Its results can be viewed at: https://www.ine.es/dyngs/ODS/es/index.htm.
Goal 7 commits countries to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. To this end, the global framework sets the following targets: 1) ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services; 2) significantly increase the proportion of renewable energy in the energy mix; 3) double the global rate of energy efficiency improvement; 4) increase international cooperation to facilitate access to clean energy research and technology and promote investment in clean energy and technology infrastructure, and 5) expand infrastructure and improve technology to provide modern and sustainable energy services for all in developing countries.
The global framework contains 6 indicators for the monitoring of Goal 7. Four sub-indicators corresponding to 3 global indicators have been published on the national indicator platform. Moreover, two of the global indicators are not relevant for Spain, as their value is close to 100%, and the last indicator is aimed at developing countries, so is not applicable to Spain. Thus, the coverage rate of the SDG 7 indicators is 100%.
Energy poverty in Spain and the EU
In line with the SDG 7, the European Green Deal underlines the need to integrate the objective of alleviating energy poverty and promoting a just energy transition for all ("leaving no one behind"). Data for the indicator Population unable to keep home adequately warm are obtained from the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for monitoring the evolution of poverty and social inclusion in the EU.
During the period 2015-2021, the population in Spain that could not keep their homes adequately warm increased from 10.6% to 14.2%. This represents an increase of 3.6 points.
In contrast, at the EU-27 level, this indicator decreased by 2.7 percentage points, from 9.6% in 2015 to 6.9% in 2021.
In 2021, the EU-27 countries with the highest percentages for this indicator were Bulgaria (23.7%), Lithuania (22.5%) and Cyprus (19.4%). At the other extreme, the countries with the lowest values were Finland (1.3%), Austria, Slovenia and Sweden (all three with 1.7%).
Did you know…?
In Spain, final energy consumption per capita in households - excluding transport - has gone from 329 kg oil equivalent in 2015 to 311 kg oil equivalent in 2021.
Renewable energies in final energy consumption
Indicator 7.2.1 Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption measures the share of renewable energy consumption in gross final energy consumption according to the Renewable Energy Directive. The Europe 2020 Strategy set a target to increase the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption to 20% by 2020. By 2030, the goal agreed by the renewable energies Directive is at least 32 %.
In Spain, in 2015 the share of renewable energies in gross final energy consumption was 16.2%, while in 2021 it was 20.7%. This represents a growth of 4.5 percentage points.
In the same period, the European Union (EU 27) as a whole grew by 4 points, from 17.8% to 21.8%.
This indicator reached its maximum value in 2020, with a percentage of 21.2% for Spain and 22.0% for the EU-27.
Did you know…?
The proportion of the population in Spain whose primary energy source is clean fuels and technologies is close to 100%.
Primary energy consumption
Sub-indicator 7.3.1.1 Primary energy consumption per unit of GDP measures the ratio of primary energy consumption to gross domestic product. Its source is the Energy Balance of Spain produced by the Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge. Primary energy is calculated in the energy balance as the sum of domestic production, recovered and recycled products, imports and stock changes, minus exports, international ship bunkers, ambient heat from heat pumps and heat production.
In 2021, primary energy consumption per unit of GDP in Spain was 105.9 toe/M€ (tonnes of oil equivalent per million of euros), a decrease of 7.3% compared to 2017, when it stood at 114.2 toe/M€.
Did you know…?
In 2021, 69.1% of Spain's total energy needs were covered by imports from other countries.
Development aid for research and production of clean and renewable energies
Indicator 7.a.1 International financial flows to developing countries to support research and development of clean energy and renewable energy production, including hybrid systems., is sourced from Spain's Official Development Assistance Statistics (ODA) and Other Official Flows for Sustainable Development (AOTDS/TOSSD).
During the period 2016-2020, Spain's gross official development aid related to the support of research and development of clean energy and renewable energy production decreased by 12.3%, from €8.1 million in 2016 to €7.1 million in 2020.
In this same period, the net official development aid increased from -4.1 million euros in 2016 to -0.3 million euros in 2020. It is worth noting that in 2018 and 2019, this indicator took positive values (5.0 and 4.8 million, respectively).
Measuring progress on Goal 7
Progress in Spain on the SDG 7 sub-indicators is presented, distinguishing between short-term progress (the latest year available compared to the previous year) and medium-term progress (since 2015, i.e. the baseline year). In both cases the compound annual growth rate has been used.
For indicators with positive normative direction (increases are desirable) we have: growth rates greater than or equal to 0.5% are considered progress (), rates in the range [0%, 0.5%) slight progress (
), rates in the range [-0.5%, 0) slight decline (
) and for rates less than -0.5%, a decline (
). For indicators that do not evolve,
, is used.
For indicators with a negative normative direction, the categories are reversed.
The sub-indicators 7.1.1. Proportion of the population with access to electricity and 7.1.2. Proportion of the population whose primary energy source is clean fuels and technology have values close to 100% and can therefore be considered as achieved.
Of the four sub-indicators shown in the table, three of them progress favourably in the medium term and one recedes.
| Subindicator | Unit | Last year |
Last year's figure |
Medium term progress |
Short term progress (last two years) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7.2.1.1. Proportion of renewable energies in gross final energy consumption | Percentage | 2021 | 20.73 | 4.9% | -2.3% | ||
| 7.3.1.1. Primary energy consumption per unit of GDP | Tonne of oil equivalent per millions of euros | 2021 | 105.88 | -1.9% | 0.5% | ||
| 7.a.1.1. International financial flows to developing countries to support research and development of clean energy and renewable energy production, including hybrid systems. Gross ODA | Millions of Euros | 2020 | 7.09 | -3.3% | 8.7% | ||
| 7.a.1.2. International financial flows to developing countries to support research and development of clean energy and renewable energy production, including hybrid systems. Net ODA | Millions of Euros | 2020 | -0.27 | 49.2% | -105.6% |
(*) Indicators and sub-indicators with a value of 100% every year: despite not having a growth rate, they can be considered as progressing.
Did you know…?
Practically 100% of the Spanish population has access to electricity.
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