ACRONYMS National Statistics Institute
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

Indicator 9.5.1. Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP

Sub-indicator 9.5.1.1. Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP

  1. From the reference date 2021, a methodological change has been made that affects the statistical unit, changing the legal unit to a business statistical unit, as defined in the EU Regulation 696/1993. For more information, you can check the methodology in this link: www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176754&menu=metodologia&idp=1254735576669.
  2. GDPmp on 2010 basis, which is provisional for 2016, has been used in the denominator. Its source is the Annual National Accounts.
    The population scope of the Statistics on R&D Activities covers businesses, public bodies, universities and higher education institutions and private nonprofit institutions that carry out R&D activities.
Source: INE