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Introduction

One of the fundamental components of the European Green Deal is the preservation and restoration of ecosystems and biodiversity. It is not only about protecting species and habitats, but also about reducing pressures on biodiversity and restoring degraded ecosystems.

This indicator measures the forest area (based on the FAO-FRA definition) as a proportion of the total national area.

The indicator shows the worldwide average yearly acidity of surface seawater, expressed in pH. The decrease in pH observed on a global scale corresponds to an increase in the acidity of ocean water and vice versa. Ocean acidification is very dangerous for marine life and this impacts biodiversity and the food chain.

Total: it is a measure of the extinction risk of wild species. It is calculated based on data from the UICN Red List, which is an assessment of the conservation status of species worldwide. It can be broken down into Amphibians, Birds, Invertebrates, Mammals, Fish, Non-vascular Plants, Vascular Plants, and Reptiles.

This indicator is measured as the proportion of land that is in a state of degradation relative to the total land area.

A vulnerable marine ecosystem is a marine ecosystem that is particularly susceptible to human and natural impacts (coral reefs, mangroves, seabed, abyssal plains).

Marine or ocean area designated for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services.

This indicator observes, by ecosystem type (agricultural, forests, grasslands, urban settlements, wetlands, and other lands), the trend in the percentage of agricultural land included in protected areas as recorded in the Spanish Inventory of Natural Heritage and Biodiversity.

It measures the proportion of agricultural land (crops, meadows, and pastures) dedicated to organic production.